Gec 104 Module 3

MODULE 3.
MATHEMATICAL TRANSFORMATIONS
Subject: GEC104 (Mathematics in the Modern World)
Lesson Title: Mathematical Transformations (4.5 hrs.)
Lesson Objectives:
1. To identify mathematical patterns and transformations in given figures or designs.
2. To apply mathematical patterns and transformations in assigned performance tasks.
Overview/Introduction:
Mathematical transformation deals with the idea of motion which a geometric figure undergoes
on a plane. This lesson discusses the different types of mathematical transformations.
Activity:
Consider the two images below:
A B
Analysis: (Reflection questions)
1. In image A, a dice is reflected in two mirrors. What numbers can be seen?

2. In image B, the bottom half of some symmetrical calculations are shown. Can you work out the
answers?
Abstraction:
Mathematical transformation involves moving an object from its original position to a new
position. In these lessons, we will learn the different types of transformation in Math: Reflection,
Translation, Rotation, and Glide Reflection Symmetry.
We start our discussion with the definition of symmetry.
Definition: A figure has symmetry with respect to a given line if the figure on one side of the line is a
mirror image of the other. The line of symmetry divides the figure into 2 congruent (same shape and
size) parts.
Application 1
Draw the line(s) of symmetry where each figure below can be folded. Some figures have more than
one line of symmetry. Identify whether the figure has horizontal symmetry, vertical symmetry, rotational
symmetry or no symmetry.
SY 2020-2021 | GEC 104 Module 3 | Mathematical Transformations 1

MODULE 3. MATHEMATICAL TRANSFORMATIONS
Application 2
Determine the lines of symmetry of the first 8 capital letters of the English alphabet.
A B C D E F G H
Four types of transformations:
A. Reflection: A reflection or a flip is a transformation which creates symmetry on a plane. The line
across which you reflect a figure is called the line of reflection.
When you fold along a line of reflection, the original figure overlaps with its reflection.
Notice the colored vertices for each of the triangles. The line of reflection is equidistant from
both red points, blue points, and green points. In other words, the line of reflection is directly in the
middle of both points.
B. Translation: Translation is a movement done by sliding a figure from one point to another about a
plane. In the figure below, the left foot is translated forward.
In a translation transformation all the points in the object are moved in a straight line in the
same direction. The size, the shape and the orientation of the image are the same as that of the original
object. Same orientation means that the object and image are facing the same direction.

C. Rotation: A rotation is a transformation that turns a figure about a fixed point called the center of
rotation. A figure has rotational symmetry if after a rotation of 180° or less, its image fits exactly on top
of the original figure.
The figure shown below is a rotation of 90° rotated around the center of rotation. Notice that
all of the colored lines are the same distance from the center or rotation are from the point. Also all
the colored lines form 90° angles. That's what makes the rotation a rotation of 90°.
Here's an example of a rotation of 180°:
Frieze Patterns
An infinite strip with a repeating pattern is called a frieze pattern, or sometimes a border
pattern. All frieze patterns have translation symmetry. A horizontal frieze pattern looks the same when
slid to the left or right.

The Seven Frieze Patterns

D. Glide Reflection Symmetry
The pattern below displays another kind of symmetry:
It has the translation symmetry common to all frieze patterns. However, the symmetry between
the left footprints and the right footprints does not come from translation, nor is it due to a reflection
since the prints are not next to each other. Instead, a combination of a translation and a reflection is
needed. This combination is called glide reflection symmetry.
Watch video on mathematical transformations here:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1RfEIKQpp3I.
Application:
Identify the type of transformation used in the figures below. Discuss with your group.
A. B.
Assessment:
1. Take the quiz on MSU VLE (Moodle).

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MODULE 3.

Lesson Title: Mathematical Transformations (4.5 hrs.)

1. In image A, a dice is reflected in two mirrors. What numbers can be seen?

SY 2020-2021 | GEC 104 Module 3 | Mathematical Transformations 1

Four types of transformations:

SY 2020-2021 | GEC 104 Module 3 | Mathematical Transformations 2

Here's an example of a rotation of 180°:

SY 2020-2021 | GEC 104 Module 3 | Mathematical Transformations 3

The Seven Frieze Patterns

SY 2020-2021 | GEC 104 Module 3 | Mathematical Transformations 4

D. Glide Reflection Symmetry

The pattern below displays another kind of symmetry:

Watch video on mathematical transformations here:

1. Take the quiz on MSU VLE (Moodle).

SY 2020-2021 | GEC 104 Module 3 | Mathematical Transformations 5

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