FACILITATING LEARNER-CENTERED TEACHING

CHAPTER 2: Metacognition: Thinking About Thinking

CHAPTER ASSESSMENT
Directions: Read the statements and decide which of the given choices would answer
the question correctly or complete the statement. Encircle the letter of your answer.
1. Procedural knowledge is also known as ________________
a. person knowledge c. strategic knowledge
b. task knowledge d. conditional knowledge
2. When Mary ponders on whether or not she knows the answer to the teacher’s
questions, she then realizes that she has no idea on the question at all. She is in the
process of ---
a. strategic thinking c. problem solving
b. metacognition d. creative thinking
3. Which of the following metacognitive knowledge operates when the learner has
his/her own way of learning information?
a. procedural knowledge c. conditional knowledge
b. declarative knowledge d. specific knowledge
4. Which of the following metacognitive teaching strategies is used when the teacher
asks the following to students at the end of the lesson: “Give me three things that you
learned and one thing that you still need to learn more.”
a. summarizing c. wrapper
b. reflective thinking d. assessment
5. Which of the following statements best fits the concept of metacognition?
a. Knowing how to solve problems presented in novel ways.
b. The awareness of what is known and how to use it appropriately.
c. The ability to manipulate knowledge to arrive at the correct answer.
d. Sufficient knowledge about facts, procedures, and conditions to use them.
6. Kenneth is aware that he is hard up in Math, but he motivates himself to strive by not
going out at night to have enough time to read his lessons. Such action demonstrates
the concept of –
a. self-regulation c. metamemory
b. meta-attention d. metacomprehension
7. Cognition is involved in metacognition. In what way does recognition work during
metacognition?
a. memorizing concepts and rules c. solving the problem cautiously
b. monitoring the progress of work d. recalling rules to apply
8. Bert knows that he has to develop more techniques to memorize concepts and terms
in Science. Which component of metacognition does he display?
a. metacognitive knowledge c. metacognitive experiences
b. metacognition regulation d. metacognitive restriction
9. Who among the students is a novice learner?
a. Rose tries out a strategy then revises it when it does not fit the problem.
b. Jose reads through the difficult problem and solves it right away.
c. Edna tries to recall information and procedures related to the problem.
d. Dexter recalls the procedure he used previously to a similar problem.
10. Which of the following teacher prompts indicates that the learner is engaged in the
planning stage of metacognition process?
a. Is my classification of the plants correct?
b. Do I have to take this plant out of this group?
c. Do I know the differences of all these plants to classify them?
d. Am I consistent in using the same criteria to classify all these plants?
11. Martha asks herself: “Should I try a different approach to arrive at the cause and
effect of the problem?” In what stage of the metacognitive process is she in?
a. planning c. evaluating
b. monitoring d. both planning and monitoring
12. Indira could identify the uses of baking tools and equipment. She knows how to
bake. One time, she lacked one ingredient, but realized that she could use another
similar ingredient to replace the recommended one. What type of knowledge is Indira
demonstrating in this situation?
a. declarative c. conditional
b. procedural d. contextual
13. Susan has a limited knowledge on how to attack a problem presented. However,
after some time, she was able to see interconnections among the fact presented in the
problem; then, gradually, she was able to come up with a strategy to solve it. This
situation illustrates that learning is---
a. goal-directed c. integrative
b. consistent d. speculative
14. Ruben is reading a selection. He finds some words that he does not understand,
which hinders his comprehension of the story. If you were Ruben, how would you find a
way to get the meaning of ambiguous words?
a. use contextual clues to the meaning c. call a friend to help clarify
b. read the word aloud repeatedly d. look for configuration clues
15. As Kenneth multiples a binomial term, he was initially confused. Suddenly, he
remembers the acronym FOIL (First Outer-Inner Last). What was in operation at that
instance?
a. declarative c. conditional
b. procedural d. contextual
 FACILITATING LEARNER-CENTERED TEACHING

CHAPTER 3: Cognitive Learning Theories

CHAPTER ASSESSMENT
Directions: Select from the given choices the term that best completes the sentence or
answers the question. Encircle the letter of your answer.
1. The term used by Piaget to imply changing the cognitive structure to fit a person’s
new experience is_____________.
a. accommodation c. assistance
b. assimilation d. equilibrium
2. Mario can give as many uses of coconut shell more than anybody in class. What
does Mario demonstrate?
a. fluency c. elaboration
b. flexibility d. originality
3. Enzo can give the currencies of different countries when asked by the teacher.
Apparently, he has what kind of memory?
a. situational c. procedural
b. semantic d. episodic
4. Maylene solves a problem by following the prescribed steps. She tries to return to a
step that she does not understand. In general, she follows the step-by-step process.
She is using the problem-solving method of _______________.
a. heuristics c. means-ends analysis
b. algorithm d. trial and error
5. In teaching the pre-operational child, which sequence of instructional materials
should be followed by the teacher?
a. concrete, semi-concrete, semi-abstract, abstract
b. semi-concrete, concrete, semi-abstract, abstract
c. concrete, semi-concrete, abstract, semi-abstract
d. semi-abstract, abstract, concrete, semi-concrete
6. This term refers to the educational practice of teaching similar content and skills but
in accordance to the development level of learners- the level of complexity increases in
the next higher level.
a. discovery learning c. spiral curriculum
b. knowledge representation d. none of these
7. When a student reasons out on how two concepts are alike or different, he is at the
stage of ---
a. maintenance rehearsal c. elaborative rehearsal
b. organization d. perception
8. Celia used to own a Samsung Galaxy On5 Pro Model, later she bought a Lenovo K6
Note model. It was not difficult for her to use the new unit because of ___________.
a. near transfer c. far transfer
b. transferability d. general transfer
9. Mr. David would like to increase the abilities of his students to solve more complex
problems. What must Mr. David do?
a. correct wrong answers all the time
b. increase practice with simple problems
c. reduce stimulation
d. match problems appropriately to students’ level of thinking
10. Based on Piaget’s theory, what should a teacher provide in the formal operational
stage?
a. games and other physical activities to develop motor skills
b. learning activities that involve problems of classification and ordering
c. stimulating environment with ample objects to play with
d. activities for hypothesis formulation
11. Which of the situations below illustrates a child’s actual potential?
a. He can solve simple problems on his own.
b. He can count through the teacher’s cueing.
c. He can listen to a lecture intently.
d. He can hear different sounds around.
12. Which parental support is effective in enhancing mental development among
children?
a. exposing them to situations that stimulate curiosity
b. supplying them with expensive toys they can play with
c. creating a happy environment that inspires them
d. integrating play in all home and farm activities
13. Which of the following is the correct form of assisted learning as conceived by
Vygotsky?
a. provide help in the beginning, then gradually withdraw
b. let students work alone, then give advice when they ask
c. have students explain their answer, then give a score
d. inspire the children to try first, then hold gradually
14. Which practice best illustrates the application of transfer of training/learning in the
class?
a. Provide tasks that are similar to the situations where learners would apply the
task.
b. Teach as many concepts in one hour so that they see their connections.
c. Let students describe their feeling and reflection about the concepts.
d. Show the connections between the present lessons and lessons of the past.
15. To enhance the ability to transfer problem-solving ability from one situation to
real-life contexts, teachers should _____________.
a. provide meaningful ways to teach the use of certain strategies
b. focus instruction on one particular type of problem until students “get it”
c. anticipate that students will make connections if the solution is obvious
d. have study drills to remember the right strategy
 FACILITATING LEARNER-CENTERED TEACHING

CHAPTER 4: Behavioral Learning Theories

CHAPTER ASSESSMENT
Instructions: Read the statements and decide which of the given choices would answer
the question correctly or complete the statement. Encircle the letter of your answer.
1. You are convinced that whenever a student performs the desired behavior, provide
reinforcement. Soon, the student learns to perform the behavior on his or her own. On
which principle is your conviction based?
a. Cognitivism c. Behaviorism
b. Constructivism d. Environmentalism
2. Teacher Maria claims: “If I have to give reinforcement, it has to be given immediately
after the response.” Which theory supports Teacher Maria’s belief?
a. Operant conditioning theory c. Cognitive theory
c. Social-cognitive theory d. Connectionism
3. Which of the following statements about behaviorism is FALSE?
a. It claimed that biological drives determine human behavior.
b. It had two primary goals: the prediction and control of behavior.
c. It studied environmental causes of behavior.
d. It assumed that learning determines personality.
4. What is an application of BF Skinner’s operant conditioning theory?
a. use of ICT in the classroom c. computer-based self-instruction
b. constructivist teaching d. action research
5. Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to be made by a behaviorist who
accepts the ideas of B. F. Skinner?
a. Alakdan stopped because the light turned red.
b. Flora asked her out because I like her.
c. Teodoro woke up because the alarm went off.
d. Tomas chewed because the food was in my mouth.
6. If a child is bitten by a large, black dog, the child may fear not only that black dog but
also other large dogs. Which conditioning process is illustrated?
a. discrimination c. extinction
b. acquisition d. generalization
7. Erika, who has had unpleasant experiences at the school clinic, may become fearful
at the mere sight of the clinic. Which theory can explain this?
a. generalization c. operant conditioning
b. classical conditioning d. social-cognitive theory
8. Jerome gives his son his favorite snack every time the boy cleans up his room.
Afterward, the boy cleaned his room every day in anticipation of the snack. Which
theory is illustrated?
a. operant conditioning c. associative learning
b. classical conditioning d. social-cognitive theory
9. If you kept changing the time period within which a reward is given, you would be
using:
a. a variable interval schedule c. a fixed interval schedule
b. a continuous interval schedule d. none of these
10. Clariza became very sick after eating cream cheese that had gone bad. Today, she
can not stand the taste of cream cheese. In this example, the disgust Clariza feels when
she tastes cream cheese is a(n) _____________.
a. unconditioned response c. conditioned response
b. unconditioned stimulus d. conditioned stimulus
11. My alarm clock makes a soft clicking noise just before the alarm goes off. The alarm
wakes me up. After being paired with the alarm on a number of occasions, the click now
also wakes me up (although it did not do so at first). The CS in this example is:
a. the click c. waking up to the click
b. the alarm d. waking up to the alarm
12. Which is an underlying assumption of the social cognitive theory? People ________.
a. are social by nature c. learn by observing others
b. learn by trial-and-error d. learn by association
13. Based on Bandura’s social learning theory, whom do children often imitate? Those
who _____________.
I. have substantial influence over their lives II. belong to their peer group
III. belong to other races IV. are successful and seem admired
a. I and IV c. II and IV
b. I and II d. IV only
14. How do we know that extinction of a CR does not necessarily mean that an
individual has unlearned the association between a CS and a UCS?
a. Stimulus discrimination typically leads to a decline of the CR.
b. Stimulus discrimination typically leads to a decline of the UCR.
c. Spontaneous recovery of the CR often occurs.
d. Spontaneous recovery of the UCR often occurs.
15. Which of the following is a presentation punishment?
a. withdrawal of students’ privileges
b. giving of good grades for the achievers
c. removal of food coupons in the cafeteria
d. deducting points in the written test
16. Developing cognitive maps is demonstrated by the students’ ability to _______.
a. perceive that objects share common attributes or characteristics
b. recognize that one object is unique from the rest, so each is different
c. see the attribute of objects that can never be combined or recombined
d. relate similarities of objects that have limited boundaries and features
17. Every time Teacher Cardo throws a question to the class, he usually counts 7
seconds for an easy question and 10 seconds for a difficult one before calling someone
to recite. Which of the following behavioral concepts is Teacher Cardo applying?
a. Law of Exercise c. Law of Readiness
b. Cognitive Maps d. Self-efficacy
18. Jemaimah, a senior high school student, was taught to scan articles to easily grasp
specific piece of information. During lecture, she does not necessarily scan something,
but when she is requested to look for something on a book’s page, she can successfully
demonstrate the skill. This is an application of __________.
a. attention c. latent learning
 b. retention d. self-regulation
19. Which is an application of Thorndike’s law of readiness?
a. Pupils must be frequently exposed to drills.
b. Learners must be motivated first before any lesson starts.
c. Students must be rewarded for their good work.
d. Pupils must be punished for their misbehavior.
20. When asked to do a learning task, Josephine hesitates and says, “Mahirap. Ayaw
ko. ‘Di ko kaya!” (It’s difficult. I don’t like it. I can’t do it.) Which statement about
Josephine is CORRECT?
a. has a low sense of self-efficacy c. has no sense of self-efficacy
b. has a high sense of self-efficacy d. wants to be sure of his self-efficacy
 FACILITATING LEARNER-CENTERED TEACHING

CHAPTER 5: Constructivist Learning Theories

CHAPTER ASSESSMENT
Identify the concept described in each of the following statements. Encircle the letter of
your answer.
1. The line, “to perceive is to categorize, to conceptualize, to learn is to form categories,
to make decisions is to categorize,” is associated with what theory?
a. Gestalt theory c. Bruner’s constructivist theory
b. Subsumption theory d. Cooperative theory
2. At an early age, teaching should be integrated with the experiences and contexts that
will make the child willing and able to learn. This can be associated to:
a. readiness c. environment
b. strategies d. cognition
3. “A whole is more than its parts.” This is the major emphasis of what theory?
a. Gestalt theory c. Bruner’s constructivist theory
b. Subsumption theory d. ExperiZential learning theory
4. When the human eye follows the paths, lines, and curves of a design, and prefers to
see a continuous flow of visual elements rather than separated objects, this illustrates
the principle of:
a. similarity c. continuity
b. proximity d. closure
5. If the visual elements are not complete, the user can perceive a complete shape by
filling in missing visual information. Such principle is referred to as ____________.
a.continuity c. closure
b. similarity d. proximity
6. A child knows that a dog barks, has four legs, and has hairy skin. After a lesson on
mammals, the child learned that dogs could be classified into seven major types. This
situation illustrates ____________ subsumption.
a. correlative c. derivative
 b. combinatorial d. superordinate
7. Australian Cattle dogs, Bearded Collie, and Beauceron belong to the herding group of
dogs. This is an example of __________ subsumption.
a. correlative c. derivative
b. combinatorial d. superordinate
8. Puppets, pantomime, and role-playing are examples of these experiences.
a. purposeful c. contrived
b. direct d. experiential
9. According to Ausubel, this is one way of strengthening a person’s cognitive
structure---seeing the general picture of concepts before its details or parts.
a. text presentations c. group works
b. advanced organizers d. graphic organizers
10. This theory states that learners become very creative and innovative because of the
interaction and active participation of each member of a group.
a. Experiential learning theory c. Cooperative learning theory
b. Subsumption theory d. Gestalt theory
11. Concrete experience means doing something tangible as an application of what has
been learned. Which is NOT an example of concrete experience?
a. problem solving c. debates
b. reflection paper d. role playing
12. One important component of experiential learning is active experimentation. Which
of the following best illustrates experiential learning?
a. case studies c. film viewing
b. simulations d. learning logs and journals
13. This situation encourages learners to look for resources and materials that they
need rather than just relying on the teacher.
a. heterogeneous grouping c. collaborative skills
b. simultaneous interaction d. group autonomy
14. This is the heart of cooperative learning.
a. individual accountability c. simultaneous interaction
 b. positive interdependence d. trial and error
15. One effective technique in Gestalt learning theory is exercise. What is the best
purpose of exercise in this theory?
a. to develop the muscles of the body
b. to establish cooperation among children
c. to develop self-confidence and self-esteem
d. to elicit emotion and to produce action
 FACILITATING LEARNER-CENTERED TEACHING

CHAPTER 6: Psychosocial, Psychosexual, and Humanist Theories of Learning

CHAPTER ASSESSMENT
Instructions: Read the statements and decide which of the given choices would answer
the question correctly or complete the statement. Encircle the letter of your answer.
1. It is said that laughing at a 2-year-old child who said a bad word is inappropriate
because, at this age, the child is learning to ____________.
a. consider the views of others c. distinguish sex differences
b. socialize d. distinguish right from wrong
2. Erikson said that children aged 3-5 is most likely to be ___________.
a. mischievous c. lazy
b. egocentric d. altruistic
3. Erikson, in his theory, stated that 2-year-old children are under the category “terrible
two” because they are ____________.
a. inquisitive c. playful
b. sickly d. assertive
4. In contrast to Freud’s concept that the primary motivation of human behavior is
sexual in nature. Erikson’s theory focuses on ________ nature.
a. social c. physical
b. cultural d. biological
5. Which of the following is referred by Freud as the component of personality that is
concerned with the idea of good or bad?
a. superego c. id
b. superego and ego d. ego
6. Erikson and Freud shared a common thought about play. What is their idea about
play? Play ___________.
a. contributes to the child’s mastery of his physical and social environment
b. makes a child’s life so enjoyable that he will tend to hate school life later
 c. prepares a child for an excellent academic performance in formal schooling
d. develops in the child highly competitive attitude because of its nature
7. A teacher maximizes the cognitive development of the learners by having an
environment that gives multisensorial stimulation. In this situation, the teacher’s role is
__________.
a. molder of character c. facilitator of learning
b. dispenser of knowledge d. evaluator of learning
8. Instinct is said to be under what personality structure?
a. id c. superego
b. ego d. id and ego
9. What should a teacher do if learners are not behaving well in class?
a. Send the pupils to the guidance counselor.
b. Involve the whole class in setting rules of conduct in the whole class.
c. Make a report to the parents about their children’s misbehavior.
d. Set the rules for the class to observe.
10. Students vandalizing and destroying pieces of school equipment are becoming a
common problem in community schools. What does this incident imply?
a. the inability of schools to hire security guards
b. deprivation of Filipino schools
c. prevalence of poverty in the community
d. community’s lack of sense of co-ownership
11. A Grade 6 pupil follows school rules and regulations for fear of being punished. The
child is on what level of the Moral Development theory?
a. preconventional c. conventional
b. postconventional d. conventional and postconventional
12. Saint Louis School is a known promoter of peace and justice in its community. The
school is on what stage of the Moral Development theory?
a. Social-contract legalistic c. Universal-ethical principle
b. Law and order d. Punishment and obedience
13. This level in the Moral Development Theory refers to the person’s ability to conform
to uphold law and order.
a. preconventional c. conventional
b. postconventional d. conventional and postconventional
14. Gabriel following the principle of “you scratch my back, and I scratch yours” is under
what stage of Moral Development Theory?
a. Interpersonal concordance c. Instrument-relativist
c. Law and order d. Punishment and obedience
15. This stage in the Freudian theory refers to the mother’s breast as the main source of
connection and satisfaction.
a. anal c. oral
b. phallic d. latency
 FACILITATING LEARNER-CENTERED TEACHING

CHAPTER 7: Student Diversity

CHAPTER ASSESSMENT
Instructions: Read and analyze each situation. Encircle the letter of the best answer.
1. This area in Kolb’s Experiential Learning Cycle refers to the real-life experiences of
the learners inside the classroom. What is this term?
a. active experimentation c. concrete experience
b. reflective observation d. abstract conceptualization
2. This learning style refers to people who have less focus on interaction but more on
ideas and concepts.
a. assimilative c. convergent
b. accommodative d. divergent
3. Sean Claude, a Grade 6 pupil, is more inclined to solving problems and assessing
issues. His learning style is more on __________.
a. assimilative c. convergent
b. accommodative d. divergent
4. What learning environment will you provide if you notice that your high school
students prefer visuals, diagram, and pictures?
a. affective c. perceptual
b. symbolic d. behavioral
5. A class of elementary pupils prefer to experience the lessons being presented to
them. As a teacher sensitive to your pupils’ characteristics, what type of learning
environment will you provide?
a. affective c. perceptual
b. symbolic d. behavioral
6. This learning mode is a characteristic of learners who prefer direct human personal
interaction.
a. active experimentation c. concrete experience
b. reflective observation d. abstract conceptualization
7. Gabriel Elijah is a Grade 9 student whose mode of learning is more on analyzing
ideas and lesson concepts. He is good in systematized planning and explaining
concepts. His learning mode is more of _______________.
a. active experimentation c. concrete experience
b. reflective observation d. abstract conceptualization
8. Who proposed the Experiential Learning Cycle where learning is an integrated
process of experience, observation, conceptualization, and experimentation?
a. David Krathwohl c. Howard Garner
b. David Kolb d. Sigmund Freud
9. A learning style where the students draw from the learning modes of abstract
conceptualization and active experimentation.
a. assimilative c. accommodative
b. convergent d. divergent
10. This is a learning environment where small group works, interactive projects applies
to real-world settings, and interaction and evaluation work best for some types of
learners.
a. affective c. perceptual
b. symbolic d. behavioral
11. A learner whose learning preferences and varied and not only focused on only one
aspect
a. erotic c. epileptic
b. eclectic d. eccentric
12. Kent is highly interested in keeping pets. He also finds enjoyment in gardening and
strolling in beaches. His Multiple Intelligence is described as __________.
a. interpersonal c. naturalist
b. intrapersonal d. musical-rhythmic
13. A group of senior high students prefers joining debates and analysis of social
issues. Their Multiple Intelligence is inclined to ____________.
a. verbal-linguistic c. naturalist
b. logical-mathematical d. existentialist
14. This is a kind of lesson prepared by teachers where all intelligences are considered
in teaching one specific topic or lesson.
 a. focused c. thematic
b. brief d. detailed
15. This is an intelligence manifested by a child whose interest is on dealing with
people, mingling with others, and joining groups.
a. interpersonal c. naturalist
b. intrapersonal d. musical-rhythmic