Scribd
Upload
40 views

Mind Map Zoology

Uploaded by

Muhammad Attiq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
40 views

Mind Map Zoology

Uploaded by

Muhammad Attiq
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 3

Mind Map: Multicellular Organisms - Phylum Porifera and Phylum Cnidaria

Multicellular Organisms

 Origins of Multicellularity
o Colonial Hypothesis: Dividing cells remained together, forming colonies
o Syncytial Hypothesis: Plasma membranes formed within a syncytium, creating
multicellular organisms
 Animal Origins
o Monophyletic: All animals derived from a single ancestor
o Diphyletic: Animals originated from two ancestors
o Polyphyletic: Animals derived from multiple ancestors

Phylum Porifera (Sponges)

 Characteristics
o Loosely organized cells
o Asymmetrical or radially symmetrical
o Three cell types: pinacocytes, mesenchymal cells, choanocytes
o Central cavity (spongocoel)
o Numerous pores (ostia and osculum)
o Lack true tissues or organs
o Skeletons made of spicules
o No nervous system; neurosensory cells present
o Asexual reproduction through budding
o Hermaphrodites
 Cell Types
o Pinacocytes: Thin, flat cells lining the outer surface
o Mesenchymal cells: Amoeboid cells in the mesohyl
o Choanocytes (collar cells): Flagellated cells lining the inner chamber,
responsible for water currents and food filtering
 Skeleton
o Spicules: Needle-like structures made of calcium carbonate or silica
o Spongin fibers: Composed of spongin, a fibrous protein
 Water Canal System
o Ascon Type: Simplest, vase-like form
o Sycon Type: Folded wall with incurrent and radial canals
o Leucon Type: Extensively branched canal system with chambers
 Maintenance Functions
o Nutrition: Filter feeders, consuming particles and dissolved nutrients
o Excretion and Respiration: Diffusion through the canal system
o Coordination: Limited internal communication, possibly through chemical
signals
 Reproduction
o Sexual: Monoecious; fertilization occurs internally, flagellated larvae develop
o Asexual: Gemmule formation (resistant capsules) and regeneration

Phylum Cnidaria

 Characteristics
o Radial or biradial symmetry
o Diploblastic with tissue-level organization
o Mesoglea between tissue layers
o Gastrovascular cavity for digestion and gas exchange
o Nerve network
o Cnidocytes (specialized cells for defense, feeding, attachment)
 Body Wall
o Epidermis (from ectoderm)
o Gastrodermis (from endoderm)
o Mesoglea (jelly-like layer)
 Nematocysts
o Unique to cnidarians, produced by cnidocytes
o Used for attachment, defense, feeding
 Alternation of Generations
o Polyp: Asexually reproducing, sessile form
o Medusa: Sexually reproducing, free-swimming form
 Maintenance Functions
o Nutrition: Capture prey with nematocysts; digestion in gastrovascular cavity
o Support: Hydrostatic skeleton
o Locomotion: Polyps move by somersaulting or gliding; medusae use contractions
and water currents
o Coordination: Nerve net, sensory receptors
o Respiration and Excretion: Diffusion
 Reproduction
o Sexual: Most are dioecious; fertilization internal or external, planula larva
develops
o Asexual: Budding in polyps and medusae

Class Hydrozoa

 Characteristics
o Nematocysts only in epidermis
o Gametes released outside the body
o Mesoglea lacks amoeboid cells
 Example: Obelia (colonial polyps with specialized zooids)

Class Anthozoa

 Characteristics
o Colonial or solitary
o Lack medusa stage
o Gonads on free edges of gastrovascular cavity
o Mesoglea has amoeboid cells
 Example: Sea Anemones

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy