Passive and passive reporting:

1. People say that he is a spy.

2. People say that he was a spy.
3. People know that he is armed.
4. Someone saw him pick up the gun.
5. We know that you were in town at the time of the crime.
6. People believe that he was killed by terrorists.
7. We consider that she was the biggest singer in Australia.
8. We know that the expedition reached the South pole in May.
9. We don’t allow smoking.
10. They urged the government to create more jobs.
11. You will have to pull down this skyscraper as you have not complied with the town planning
regulations.
12. This college is already full. We are turning away students all the time.
13. No one has taken out the cork.
14. People often take him for his brother.
15. When I returned, I found that they had towed my car away. I asked why they had done this, and
they told me it was because I had parked it under a no parking sign.
16. All the ministers will see him off at the airport.
17. They were stamping letters all afternoon.
18. They didn’t pay me for the work, they expected me to do it for nothing.
19. He escaped when they were moving him from one prison to another.
20. When they have widened this street the roar of the traffic will keep residents away all night.
21. A Japanese company makes these TV sets.
22. A machine could do this much more easily.
23. We ask tenants not to play their radios loudly after midnight.
24. I am afraid we have sold all our copies but we have ordered more.
25. Tom Smith wrote the book and Brown and Co. published it.
26. The guests ate all the sandwiches and drank all the beer. They left nothing.
27. They are repairing my car at the moment.
28. They were demolishing the entire block.
29. Normally men sweep this street every day, but nobody swept it yesterday.
30. Anyone with the smallest intelligence could understand these instructions.
31. Students are doing most of the work.
32. They feed the seals at the zoo twice a day.
33. No one can do anything unless someone gives us more information.
34. Someone switched on the lights and opened the door.
35. We use this room only on special occasions.
36. Previous climbers had cut steps in the ice.
37. Someone will serve refreshments.
38. They will send you a bill at the end of the month.
 39. Someone has given Maria a promotion at her job as computer programmer at Microsoft.
40. Someone was making the coffee when I got into the kitchen.

41. They make shoes in that factory.

42. People must not leave bicycles in the driveway.

43. They built that skyscraper in 1934.

4. They had finished the preparations by the time the guests arrived.

5. My father is washing the car.

1. The students will finish the course by July.

2. They are repairing the streets this month.

3. They make these tools of plastic.

4. They have finished the new product design.

5. Someone will speak Japanese at the meeting.
6.
7. 2.Farmer Joe is milking the cows.
8.
9. 3.John collects money.
10.
11. 4.Anna opened the window.
12.
13. 5.We have done our homework.
14. I will ask a question.
15.
16. 2. I was repairing their bikes.
17.
18. 3. I have opened the present.
19.
20. 4. My grandparents blessed me for being so obedient.
 21.
22. 5. His uncle had built the house before he went abroad.

They were cooking dinner when I arrived

Causative have

Causative Have

1. I ............(my hair/cut) at the new hairdresser's next week.

2. She needs to ........ ………………(her car/repair)

3. I really must………........ (the central heating/fix)

4. They.................(the broken windows/ replace) at the moment.

He……………………(his flat/burgle) while he was on holiday._____/

1. I .................................(my phone/ repair) after I dropped it.

2. She didn't have time to get to the shops and ....................................(the film/develop)

3. They ……………………………….(their car/wash) at the moment.

4. We ………………………………(our car/wash) tomorrow.

5. She ........................................ (her purse/steal)on the underground last week

He .......... (tickets/send) to his home address yesterday

2. You should .......... (the computer/fix) as soon as possible.

3. They .......... (the pipes/replace) at the moment.

4. They …………............(it/do) by the same person who decorated their old house

5. After winning a fortune, she ....... …………………….(everything/deliver) to her house .

I .............................................. (the house/ redecorate) very soon.

2. He........ ………………………………..(his suitcase/deliver) at the airport yesterday.

3. The teacher ..........................................(the tests/type) at the moment.

4. He .................................................. (his bags/ load) onto the train when someone called his name.

5. I...................................(my car/service) a fortnight ago.

 1. I am employing a man to tile the bathroom.
2. These trousers are a little loose, you should ask your tailor to take them in.
3. I pay a garage to service my car.
4. The tap keeps dripping so I must send for a plumber.
5. I paid a watchmaker to clean my watch.
6. She paid an artist to paint her portrait.
7. They arranged for the police to arrest the man.
8. He paid a lorry driver to tow the car to a garage.
9. They are employing builders to build a garage.
10. I pay a window cleaner to clean my window every month.
11. I went to an oculist and he tested my eyes for me.
12. The old gypsy is telling Tom’s fortune.
13. I asked the fishmonger to open the oysters for me.
14. I went to the jeweler and he pierced my ears for me.
15. I have just asked John to sharpen my knives.
16. I am going to ask the photographer to enlarge this photo.
17. The doctors set his broken arm.
18. He didn’t like the color of the curtains so he asked the man to dye them.
19. My hair looks dreadful. I think I will go to the hairdresser’s tomorrow to cut it.

Relative clauses

The meeting was interesting. I went to it.

The man was very kind. I talked to him yesterday.

The picture was beautiful. She was looking at it.

The man is standing over there. I was telling you about him.

I thanked the woman. She helped me.

I saw the man. He closed the door.

The girls is happy. She won the race.

The student writes well. I read her composition.

Mr. Catt has a painting. Its value is inestimable.

I have to call the man. I accidentally picked up his umbrella after the meeting.

That is the place. The accident occurred there.

A café is a small restaurant. People can get a light meal there.

There was a time. Dinosaurs dominated the Earth then.

The house was destroyed in earthquake ten years ago. I was born and grew up there.

Summer is the time of the year. The weather is the hottest then.

His new shirt didn’t fir, so Dan took it back to the store. He had bough it there.

I read about a child. Her life was saved by her pet dog.

We couldn’t find the person. His car was blocking the driveway.

Mr. North teaches a class for students. Their native language is not English.

The professor is excellent. I am taking her course.

1. She’s the girl. She works in the library.

…………………………………………………………………………………

2. Corfu is an island. It has many beautiful beaches.

…………………………………………………………………………………
3. I’ve spoken to John. His house was burgled last Monday.
……………………………………………………………………………
4. August is the month. Most people go on holiday then.

5. Here is the shop. I bought my new camera form this shop.

……………………………………………………………………………………. .
6. I’ll never forget the day. I met my wife on this day.
……………………………………………………………………………………… .
7. We have a neighbour. His dog barks a lot.
………………………………………………………………………………
8. I don’t know most of the people. You invited them for the party.
9. That’s the lady. Her jewellery was stolen.
…………………………………………………………………………………
10. That is the radio. I won it in the competition.
…………………………………………………………………………………
11. There is the hospital. I was born there.
…………………………………………………………………………………
12. That was the summer. I met my wife then.

1. I’m looking forward to the Fifteenth of next month. I’ll get married then.
………………………………………………………………………………………. .
2. Do you know the restaurant? We will meet you there tomorrow.
………………………………………………………………………………………. .
3. The horse came in last. You were telling me about it.
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
4. I apologized to the woman. I spilt her coffee.

The professor who teaches chemistry 101 is an excellent lecturer.

Professor Wilson, who teaches chemistry 101, is an excellent lecturer.

Hawaii, which consists of several islands, is a favourite vacation spot.

 Mrs. Smith, who is a retired teacher, does volunteer work at the hospital.

Max isn’t home yet, which worries me.

Tom was late, which surprised me.

My roommate never picks up after herself, which irritates me.

Her boss fired her, which made her angry.

Sally lost her job, which wasn’t surprising.

She has found a new job, which is lucky.

 John's mother, who lives in Scotland, has 6 grandchildren.

 My friend John, who went to the same school as me, has just written a best-selling novel.
 My grandmother, who is dead now, came from the North of England.
Centre Park, which we love, is always really busy on Saturdays.
February, which is my favourite month, lasts 29 days this year.

City Park, which we used to go to, has been closed down.

City Park, where we used to go, has been closed down.
December, which Christmas is celebrated in, is a summer month for the southern hemisphere.
December, when Christmas is celebrated, is a summer month for the southern hemisphere.

 The bike (which / that) I loved was stolen.

 The university (which / that) she likes is famous.
 The woman (who / that) my brother loves is from Mexico.
 The doctor (who / that) my grandmother liked lives in New York.

Relative pronouns

I. Complete the sentences with a relative pronoun. Use brackets if you can omit it.
1. The school__________ I went as a child has just been closed.
2. The teacher____________ class I’ve just been to seems extremely kind.
3. The book,__________ has quite a complicated plot, was difficult to find at the library.
4. The woman __________I spoke to about the problem wasn’t very helpful.

Judith showed me her holiday photos, ___________were really interesting.

1. Did you see the man …………… stole her bag?

2. The eggs ………………. you’ve bought are bad.
3. Please give me the keys …………………. are on the table.
4. Is that man ………………….. we saw in the park yesterday?
The restaurant ……………………. we had lunch was very modern.

1. What’s the name of the lady …………………….. babysits for you?

2. Tom is playing with the dog ……………………. lives next door.
3. Have you eaten all the cakes ……………………. I made yesterday?
 4. How old is the man ……………………. owns this shop?
The food ………………….. they served was excellent.

1. Is she the person ……………………… gave you this record?

2. We spent our holiday in a small town …………………. is near the sea.
3. The man …………………… married Kate is a millionaire.
4. Where are the shoes …………………. I bought this morning?
I still write to that lady ……………………. I met twenty years ago