1: What are some functions of the nervous system?

Gathers information from both inside and outside the body - Sensory Function

Transmits information to the processing areas of the brain and spine

Processes the information in the brain and spine – Integration Function

Sends information to the muscles, glands, and organs so they can respond appropriately – Motor

Function

2: Name and explain the two divisions of the nervous system.

The Nervous System is divided into Two Main Divisions: Central Nervous System (CNS) and

the Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Controls individual organs, Central nervous controls as a whole.

3: What are the two main parts of the Central Nervous System? Explain each one.

Two main parts are the Brain and the Spinal Cord, The brain is like the motherboard which controls the
whole body and actions, the spinal cord communicates information between the brain and the other
parts of the body.

4: What is the difference between the CNS and the PNS?

Peripheral nervous system has involuntary and voluntary movements along as with multiple sub
categories

5: How many pairs of neuron bundles are there in the Peripheral Nervous System in total?

31 pairs

6: How many pairs of spinal nerves are there in the Peripheral Nervous System? Specify the

number of spinal nerves for each region.

In total, there are 31 pairs of spinal nerves. there are eight cervical nerve pairs , twelve thoracic nerve
pairs , five lumbar nerve pairs , 5 sacral , and a single coccygeal nerve pair.

7: How many pairs of cranial nerves are in the PNS?

12 cranial nerves
8: What are the 2 major divisions of the PNS? What is the main difference between them?

somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system. The somatic system includes the nerves
that transmit motor and sensory information to and from the CNS. The autonomic system regulates
automatic body functions including digestion and blood pressure.

9: What are the somatic and autonomic nervous systems and what are the functions of each?

The somatic nervous system is responsible for voluntary movement and processes sensory information.
It controls the skeletal muscles and enables us to perceive and interact with the external environment
through the senses. The autonomic nervous system, controls involuntary bodily functions such as heart
rate, digestion, respiratory rate, and blood pressure. It is further divided into the sympathetic and
parasympathetic nervous systems, which work in opposition to each other to maintain balance in the
body's internal functions.

10: In the autonomic system there are two major divisions, what do these divisions do for homeostasis.

The two divisions are the sympathetic and the parasympathetic, the sympathetic system controls organs
in the time of stress. The the parasympathetic is in response to rest and digest allowing for the body to
maintain total control.

11: What is the spinal cord

A series of vertebrate with nerve fibers connecting the brain to the rest of the body

12: what happens if the spinal cord is injured

It could lead to paralysis and or injury to other organs.

13: Label the spinal cord diagram

C1-C3

Neck Muscles

C4

Diaphragm

C5

Deltoid (shoulder)

C6

Wrist

C7

Triceps

C7-C8

Fingers
 T1

Hand

T2-T12

Intercostals (Trunk)

T7-L1

Abdominals

T11-L2 Ejaculation

L2

Hips

L3

Quadriceps

L4-L5

Hamstrings - Knee

L4-S1

Foot

S2

Penile erection

S2-S3 Bowel and bladder

14: Finish Chart Nervous System

Central Nervous system Peripheral Nervous

system
Brain : Spinal Cord: Sensory Neurons: Motor Neurons:

gathers and processes Conducts signals to and from the Sensory organs to CNS CNS to muscles and
sensory data, sets off brain, controls reflex activities. glands
reactions, stores memories,
and produces ideas and
feelings Somatic Nervous System: Autonomic Nervous
System:
Controls voluntary
movements Controls involuntary
responses

Sympathetic Division Parasympathetic

Division:
Fight or Flight
Rest or digest
16: Finish the chart

Type Responds to Some Locations

Chemoreceptor Chemicals Mouth, Nose , Blood Vessels

Photoreceptor Light Eyes

Mechanoreceptor Touch, Pressure, Vibrations, and Skin, Hiar follicles, ears,

stretch ligaments, tendons
Thermoreceptor Temperature changes Skin, Hypothalamus

Pain Receptor Tissue Injury Throughout the body

16: What is a reflex

A reflex is a rapid response caused by impulses that travel a pathway known as reflex arc

17: What are the components of a reflex arc? Define each one.

Sensory receptors: react to the sensation of the tack and send an impulse to sensory neurons.

Sensory neurons: relay information to the spinal cord.

An interneuron: in the spinal cord processes the information and forms a response.

A motor neuron: carries impulses to its effector, a muscle that it stimulates.

Effector: The muscle contracts and your leg moves.

18: How does a reflex work? List the steps.

Sensory receptors react to the sensation of the tack and send an impulse to sensory neurons.

Sensory neurons relay information to the spinal cord.

An interneuron in the spinal cord processes the information and forms a response.

A motor neuron carries impulses to its effector, a muscle that it stimulates.

The muscle contracts and your leg moves.

19: Label the diagram

 20:Identify if the following functions are either control by the parasympathetic nervous
system or the sympathetic nervous system.

a. Contraction of bladder - Sympathetic nervous system

b. Inhibition of saliva - Sympathetic nervous system

c. Pupils' contraction - Parasympathetic nervous system

d. Slows the heartbeat - Parasympathetic nervous system

e. Relaxes the bronchi - Parasympathetic nervous system

f. Stimulates glucose production by the liver - Sympathetic nervous system

g. Stops digestive activity - Sympathetic nervous system

h. Relaxes the bladder - Parasympathetic nervous system

i. Pupils' dilation - Sympathetic nervous system

j. Stimulates salivation production - Parasympathetic nervous system

k. Contracts the bronchi - Sympathetic nervous system

l. Heartbeat acceleration - Sympathetic nervous system

m. Accelerates digestion activity - Sympathetic nervous system.

n. Stimulates gallbladder - Parasympathetic nervous system

21: Describe at least three diseases that affect the nervous system

1: Alzheimer's affects the mainly memory and cognitive function not allowing for the humans ability to
perform basic daily tasks due to lack of concentration and focus.

2: Dementia : Affects the human body not allowing for any memorization of basic things but doesn’t
remove and past memories

3: Parkinson’s disease: Removes almost all motor function deteriorating many neurons inside the brain
eventually leaving you dead.

22: Describe the effect of alcohol, marijuana, nicotine, and caffeine on the nervous system.

Alcohol: Depresses the central nervous system, slowing down brain function and impacting
coordination, reaction time, and decision-making.

Marijuana: Alters neurotransmitter levels and can affect memory, coordination, and perception

Nicotine: Stimulates the release of dopamine, creating a sense of pleasure and reinforcing addiction

Caffeine: Blocks adenosine receptors, increasing alertness and reducing drowsiness.