SCHEME OF EXAMINATION BCA 1ST SEM 2024-25

Credits Total Workload Total Marks

Courses Distributio Credit Workloa
n s d
Nomenclature Course Code L T P L T P Theory Practical Total
of Course Mark
Internal External Internal External s
Semester I (Session 2024-25)
DSC - A1 @ 4 credits Mathematical Foundations 23BCA401DS01 4 0 0 4 4 0 0 4 30 70 0 0 100
of Computer Science

DSC – A2 @ 4 credits Computer Fundamentals & 23BCA401DS02 3 0 1 4 3 0 2 5 25 50 5 20 100

Problem Solving using C

SEC1 @ 3 credits Web Development-I 24CSC401SE01 1 0 2 3 1 0 4 5 05 20 15 35 75

MIC1 @ 4 credits Managerial Skills 24IMS401MI01 3 1 0 4 3 1 0 4 30 70 0 0 100

MDC1 @ 3 credits Disaster Management 24EVSX01MD01 3 0 0 3 3 0 0 3 25 50 0 0 75

AEC1 @ 2 credits English (One) 23ENGX01AE01 2 0 0 2 2 0 2 2 15 35 0 0 50

VAC1 @ 2 credits Environmental Science 23EVSX01AC01 2 0 0 2 2 0 0 2 15 35 0 0 50

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 Syllabi and Scheme of Examinations for
4-year Bachelor of Computer Applications – Single Major Program

Name of the Program 4-Year Bachelor of Computer Program Code -----

Applications
Name of the Course Mathematical Foundations of Course Code 23BCA4
Computer Science 01DS01
Hours/Week 4 (4+0+0) Credits (L:T:P) 4:0:0
Max. Marks. Theory: 100 (70+30) Time of end term 3 Hours
examination
Note: The examiner has to set nine questions in all by setting two questions from each Unit and Question No. 1
consisting of 7 parts (short-answer type questions) covering the entire syllabus. Student will be required to
attempt five questions in all by selecting one question from each Unit and Question No. 1, which is compulsory.

Course Objectives:

The objective of this course is to inculcate in students the fundamental mathematical background in Computer
Science and to provide reasoning, learning and understanding skills. The students get exposure of various
concepts of mathematics such as sets, relations, and functions, trigonometry, limit, continuity, derivatives, matrix
and determinants.

Course Outcomes:

By the end of the course the students will be able to:

CO1: Understand and solve the problems on set, relation and functions.
CO2 Understand the concepts of trigonometry.
CO3 Solve the problems on limit and continuity.
CO4 Understand the concepts of derivative and solve the problems on
derivative. CO5 Understand the concept of Matrix and Determinants.

Unit – I
Sets: Sets, Subsets, Equal Sets Universal Sets, Finite and Infinite Sets, Operation on Sets, Union, Intersection
and Complements of Sets, Cartesian Product, Cardinality of Set, Practical applications of set theory.

Relations And Functions: Properties of Relations, Equivalence Relation, Partial Order Relation. Function:
Domain and Range, Onto, Into and One to One Functions, Composite and Inverse Functions.

Unit – II
Trigonometry: Introduction, Measurement of angles, trigonometric functions, relation between trigonometric
functions, signs of trigonometric functions, trigonometric functions of standard angles. Basic of inverse
trigonometry.

Limits & Continuity: Limit at a Point, properties of limit, computation of limits of various types of
functions, Continuity of a function at a point, Continuity over an interval.
Unit – III

Differentiation: Derivative of a function, Derivatives of sum, differences, product & quotient of functions,
Derivatives of polynomial, trigonometric, exponential, logarithmic, inverse trigonometric and implicit functions,
Logarithmic Differentiation, Chain rule and differentiation by substitution.

Unit – IV

Matrices: Definition, Types of Matrices, Addition, Subtraction, Scalar Multiplication and Multiplication of
Matrices.

Determinants: Definition, Minors, Cofactors, Properties of Determinants, Applications of determinants in finding

area of triangle, Adjoint of matrix, Inverse of matrix, solving a system of linear equations using matrix method.

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Suggested Readings:
1. C.L.Liu: Elements of Discrete Mathematics, McGraw Hill.
2. Lipschutz, Seymour: Discrete Mathematics, Schaum’s Series
3. Babu Ram: Discrete Mathematics, Vinayek Publishers, New Delhi.
4. Trembley, J.P & R. Manohar: Discrete Mathematical Structure with Application to
Computer Science, TMH.
5. Kenneth H. Rosen: Discrete Mathematics and its applications, TMH.
6. Doerr Alan &Levasseur Kenneth: Applied Discrete Structures for Computer Science, Galgotia Pub.
Pvt. Ltd.
7. Any other book covering the contents of the subject.
Note: Latest and additional good books may be suggested and added from time to time.

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Name of the Program 4-Year Bachelor of Computer Program Code -----
Applications
Name of the Course Computer Fundamentals & Course Code 23BCA401DS02
Problem Solving using C
Hours/Week 5 (3+0+2) Credits (L:T:P) 3:0:1
Max. Marks. Theory: 75 (50+25) Time of end term 3 Hours
Practical: 25 (20+5) examination
Note: The examiner has to set nine questions in all by setting two questions from each Unit and Question No. 1
consisting of 5 parts (short-answer type questions) covering the entire syllabus. Student will be required to attempt
five questions in all by selecting one question from each Unit and Question No. 1, which is compulsory.

Course Objectives:

This is first course in programming. The objective of this course is to inculcate knowledge about fundamental concepts
of computer and logical thinking amongst the young minds and to teach the Programming Language C. However, the
process of learning a computer language will also be emphasized. Emphasis is also on semantics and problem solving.
Students will be able to develop logics which will help them to create programs, applications in C. By learning the
basic programming constructs, they can easily switch over to any other language in future.

Course Outcomes:

By the end of the course the students will be able to:

CO1: Understand the concepts of computer and its applications in various foelds.
CO2: Understand the fundamental concepts of programming in C language.
CO3: Demonstrate an understanding of data types, control structures, functions, arrays, and pointers
CO4: Develop basic programming solutions using C language.
CO5: Apply basic programming concepts to solve practical problems.

Unit – I
Computer Fundamentals: Generations of Computers, Block Diagram along with its components, classification of
computers, Applications of computers in various fields.Input/Output Devices, Memory: Concept of primary &
secondary memory, Cache Memory, Secondary storage devices.

Overview of Networking & Operating System: Introduction to computer networking, Network types, Network
topologies, Internet and its applications; Operating system and its functions.

Unit – II
Planning the Computer Program: Problem definition, Program design, Debugging, Types of errors in
programming, Techniques of Problem Solving- Flowcharting, Algorithms

Overview of C: History of C, Importance of C, Elements of C: C character set, identifiers and keywords, Data types,
Constants and Variables, Assignment statement, Symbolic constant, Structure of a C Program,printf(), scanf()
Functions, Operators & Expression, type casting and conversion, operator hierarchy & associativity.
.
Unit – III
Decision making & Branching: Decision making with IF statement, IF-ELSE statement, Nested IF statement,
ELSE-IF ladder, switch statement, goto statement.

Decision making & Looping: while, do-while and for loop, jumps in loops, break, continue statement, Nested loops

Unit – IV
Functions: Standard Mathematical functions, Input/output: Unformatted & formatted I/O function in C, Input
functions output functions, string manipulation functions.User defined functions: Introduction/Definition, function
prototype, Local and global variables, passing parameters, recursion.

Arrays & Pointers: Definition, types, initialization, processing an array, passing arrays to functions, Declaration and
initialization of string, Input/output of string data, Introduction to pointers.

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Suggested Readings:

1. Gottfried, Byron S.: Programming with C, Tata McGraw Hill

2. Gill Nasib Singh: Computing Fundamentals and Programming in C, Khanna Book Publishing
Company(Private) Limited, NewDelhi.
3. Balagurusamy, E.: Programming in ANSI C, Tata McGraw-Hill
4. Jeri R. Hanly & Elliot P. Koffman: Problem Solving and Program Design in C, Addison Wesley.
5. Yashwant Kanetker: Let us C, BPB.
6. Rajaraman, V.: Computer Programming in C, PHI.
7. Yashwant Kanetker: Working with C, BPB.
8. Any other book covering the contents of the subject.

Note: Latest and additional good books may be suggested and added from time to time.

List of Programs

1. Write a C program to demonstrate the use of `printf()` and `scanf()` functions. Prompt the user to enter their
name and age, then display the entered information.
2. Write a C program to define and use symbolic constants. Define symbolic constants for PI and the radius of a
circle, then calculate and display the area of the circle.
3. Write a C program to demonstrate the use of various operators and expressions. Perform addition,
subtraction, multiplication, and division on two numbers entered by the user and display the results.
4. Write a C program to implement decision making using if-else statements. Check if a number entered by the
user is positive, negative, or zero and display the result.
5. Write a C program to implement a nested if statement.
6. Write a C program to demonstrate the use of switch statement. Simulate a simple calculator to perform
addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division based on user input.
7. Write a C program to implement looping using a while loop.
8. Write a C program to implement looping using a do-while loop.
9. Write a C program to implement looping using for loop
10. Write a C program to demonstrate the use of break and continue statements. Print numbers from 1 to 10, but
skip the number 5 using continue and stop the loop when it reaches 8 using break.
11. Write a C program to define a user defined function to calculate the factorial of a number, entered by the
user and display the result.
12. Write a C program to demonstrate the use of arrays. Read 10 integers from the user, store them in an array to
find the largest number.
13. Write a C program toread a string from the user and then display its length, and convert it to uppercase and
lowercase.
14. Write a C program to demonstrate the use of pointers. Declare an integer variable, assign a value to it, and
then use a pointer to display its value and address.
15. Write a C program to pass arrays to a function. Read 5 integers into an array, pass the array to a function, and
return sum of the elements of the array.

Any other programs assigned by the teachers.

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 Name of the Program Program Code -----
Name of the Course Web Development-I Course Code 24CSC401SE01

Hours/Week 1+0+4 Credits (L:T:P) 1:0:2

Max. Marks Theory: 25 (20+5) Time of end term 3 Hours
Practical: 50 (35+20) Examination
Note: The examiner has to set nine questions in all by setting two questions from each Unit and Question No. 1
consisting of short-answer type questions covering the entire syllabus. Student will be required to attempt five questions
in all by selecting one question from each Unit and Question No. 1, which is compulsory.

Course Objectives:
In this course, students will learn fundamental aspects of web server, browser and web development. The course will
also provide foundational programming skills related to web development. Basic programming skills including HTML,
CSS and Java Script language useful for designing the websites will also be covered. By the end of the course, students
will gain practical skills and knowledge applicable to real-world scenarios, equipping them to tackle a variety of
programming challenges related to website development.
Course Outcomes:

By the end of the course the students will be able to:

CO1: Gain knowledge about various aspects related to web development CO2:
Understand server side and client side scripting
CO3: Develop proficiency in writing codes for web development using HTML and DHTML.
CO4: Demonstrate an understanding of various interactive tools useful in developing interactive sites CO5: Learn
different style layouts to be applied during web sites development.
Unit – I
Introduction to Internet: Overview of Internet, World Wide Web, Evolution and History of WWW; Basic Features;
Evolution of Web development.

Web Browsers: Web Servers; Hypertext Transfer Protocol; URLs; IP Addresses; Domain Names; Searching and Web-
Casting Techniques; Search Engines and Search Tools; Internet Security; The Web Programmers; Toolbox.

Web Technologies: Introduction Web Technologies; Introduction to HTML, CSS, and JavaScript; Client-Side vs.
Server- Side Scripting.
Unit– II
Web Publishing: Hosting your Site; Internet Service Provider; Planning and designing your Web Site; Steps for
developing your Site; Choosing the contents; Home Page; Domain Names; Creating a Website and the Markup
Languages (HTML, DHTML).

Web Development: Introduction to HTML; Hypertext and HTML; HTML Document Features; HTML command Tags;
Creating Links; Headers; Text styles; Text Structuring; Text colors and Background; Formatting text; Page layouts;
Lists, Tables; meta element; New HTML5 Form input Types; input and data list elements; auto complete Attribute;
Page-Structure Elements; Introduction to DHTML and its features.
Unit–III
Brief Introduction to Interactivity tools: CGI; Features of Java; Java Script; Features of ASP; VBScript; Macromedia
Flash; Macromedia Dreamweaver;
JavaScript: The JavaScript execution environment; The Document Object Model ; Element access in JavaScript; Events and
event handling ; Handling events from the Body elements, Button elements, Text box, and Password elements ; The DOM 2
event model ; The navigator object ; DOM tree traversal and modification;
Unit– IV
Introduction to CSS: Introduction to CSS, Block and Inline Elements, Inline Styles, using internal CSS, using external CSS,
How CSS rules cascade, inheritance, why use external style sheets?.
CSS3 Basics: CSS selectors, color: foreground color, background color, contrast, opacity; text: Typeface terminology,
Specifying Typefaces, fonts; list tables and forms: list-style, table properties, styling forms, styling text input.
Layout and positioning: layout: key concepts in positioning elements, controlling the position of elements: relative
positioning, absolute positioning, fixed positioning, z-index, float, clear, creating multi column layout with float, fixed width
layout, liquid layout, layout grids, Images: controlling size of images in CSS, aligning images using CSS, centering images
using CSS, background images, gradients, Media Queries.
Suggested Readings:
1. Thomas A. Powell: Web Design: The Complete Reference, 4/e, Tata McGraw-Hill
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 2. Wendy Willard: HTML Beginners Guide, Tata McGraw-Hill.
3. Web Design: The Complete Reference , 4/e, Thomas A. Powell, Tata McGraw-Hill
4. Deitel and Goldberg: Internet and World Wide Web, How to Program, PHI.
5. Any other book covering the contents of the subject.

Note: Latest and additional good books may be suggested and added from time to time.

Practical-I (List of Programs/Lab Assignments)

1. WAP that explains the HTML style Attributes to specify the style properties for the HTML element.
2. WAP that illustrates the HTML heading tags.
3. WAP that illustrate the use of <p> and <hr> HTML tags
4. WAP that illustrate the use of different text formatting HTML tags
5. WAP that illustrate the use of RGB color values to style our html elements.
6. WAP that Creating a simple table in HTML using a table tag
7. WAP that demonstrates an ordered list (<ol>) with five programming languages listed sequentially, each item
numbered automatically by the browser.
8. WAP for Implementation of Unordered List horizontally.
9. WAP that illustrate the use of CSS color, font family and font size properties.
10. WAP that illustrate the use CSS Table properties.
11. WAP to create a 3D Groove border using CSS.
12. WAP to dynamically change color by percentage CSS.
13. WAP to set the order of the flexible items using CSS.
14. WAP to create reflection effect using HTML and CSS.
15. WAP to create Image Folding Effect using HTML and CSS.
16. WAP to design a Parallax Webpage using HTML & CSS.
17. WAP to create RGB color generator using HTML CSS and JavaScript.
18. WAP to use Google material icon as list-style in a webpage using HTML and CSS.
19. WAP to design a calendar using HTML and CSS?
20. WAP to design Background color changer using HTML CSS and JavaScript.
21. WAP to create Image Stack Illusion using HTML and CSS.
22. WAP to create Hover animations on Button.
23. Create a web page that contains the image of a human. Form an image map such that the user clicks on any part
of the body, a web page showing information on that part of the body is displayed.
24. Create a registration form for your institution which will ask first name, last name, age, sex, date of

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 Name of the Program Program Code -----
Name of the Course MANAGERIAL SKILLS Course Code 24IMSI402DS01

Hours/Week 3+1+0 Credits (L:T:P) 3:1:0

Max. Marks Theory: 100 (70+30) Time of end term 3 Hours
Examination
Note: The question paper shall be divided into two sections. Section ‘A’ shall comprise seven short answer type
questions from the whole of the syllabus carrying two marks each, which shall be compulsory. The answer to each
question should not exceed 50 words normally. Section ‘B’ shall comprise 8 questions (2 questions from each unit). The
students will be required to attempt four questions selecting one question from each unit. All questions will carry equal
marks.
Course Objectives:
1. To acquaint the students with the basics of managerial skills and their application in managing the business more
effectively and more efficiently.
2. To offer exposure to students of the importance of social psychological setup in becoming a dynamic manager.

Course Outcomes:
On successful completion of the course, the students will be able to:
1. Understand the essential managerial skills and the applications;
2. Learn how to solve an analytical problem, and why employee empowerment and delegation of work
are crucial;
3. Know the importance of team building and group behavior in an organization;
4. Analyze the importance of communication and motivation skills in developing effective and efficient managers.

Unit – I
Introduction to managerial skills: Meaning and concept of managerial skills, Need and its importance, Techniques of skill
development for effective management, Application of management skills. Coordination and Interpersonal roles.

Unit– II
Problem-solving: Problem-solving, creativity, innovation, steps of analytical problem solving, limitations of analytical
problem solving, impediments of creativity, multiple approaches to creativity Empowering and delegating: Meaning of
empowerment, dimensions of empowerment, how to develop empowerment, inhibitors of empowerment, delegating
works.
Unit–III
Teams and Groups: Team Building, developing teams and teamwork, advantages of a team, leading a team, team membership,
Group Dynamics, Group Behaviour, Cohesion, Importance of Brain Storming, Sensitivity Training, Nominal Group
techniques, Leadership and competence development.

Unit– IV
Communication: Process of communication, Need and Importance of communication skills, Types of communication, conduct
of meetings, Interviews, reporting of projects, reporting of case analysis, Building self- confidence, Role of motivation skills in
developing managers

Suggested Readings:
6. Essentials of Management by Herald Koontz, Weihrich and Cannice, Tata-McGraw Hill Publishing House.
7. Management by James A.E. Stoner, Freeman, Gilberth, Pearson Publishing House.
8. Management by Robbins, Coulter, Fernandez Pearson Publishing House.
9. Richard L. Daft: Principles of Management, Cengage Learning India.
10. V.S.P. Rao Managerial Skills Excel Books,2010, New Delhi
11. David A Whetten, Cameron Developing Management skills, PHI 2008
12. Ramnik Kapoor Managerial Skills Path Makers, Bangalore
13. Kevin Gallagher, Skills development for Business and Management Students,Oxford,2010
14. Monipally,Muttthukutty Business Communication Strategies Tata McGraw Hill.
15. Robbins Stephen P: Organisational Behaviour, Pearson

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Name of Program Program Code

Name of the Course Disaster Management Course Code 24EVSX01MDO1

Hours per Week 3 Credits 3+0+0

Maximum Marks 75 Time of Examinations 3 Hours

Note: Examiner will set nine questions and the candidates will be required to attempt five questions in all. Question number one
will be compulsory containing short answer type questions from all units. Further, examiner will set two questions from each
unit and the candidates will be required to attempt one question from each Unit. All questions will carry equal marks.

Course Learning Outcomes (CLO):

After completing this course, the learner will be able to:
CLO1. To have basic conceptual understanding of disasters.
CLO2. To understand the causes, types and impacts of natural and manmade disasters.
CLO3. To build skills to respond to disaster and to understand the prevention, preparedness and mitigation for disaster.

Unit 1:Introduction to disaster: Definition, difference between hazard and disaster, understanding natural and manmade
disasters, risk and vulnerability in disaster, Disaster- Causes and phases of disaster, Rapid onset and slow onset disasters.
Nature and responses to geo-hazards, reasons of disaster- population growth, urban expansion, pollution, epidemics,
accidents. Disaster profile of India.
Unit 2:Natural and Anthropogenic disaster: Earthquake- causes, types and impacts; Floods-types and impacts; landslides-
responsible factors, causes and effects; drought: different types of droughts- meteorological, agricultural,
hydrological and effects; cyclone and hurricanes; tsunamis: reasons and its impacts. CBRN: Chemical disasters,biological
disasters, Radiological disaster, Nuclear disasters, Sociological hazards- Crime, Terrorism, War
Unit 3:Disaster Preparedness and mitigation: Definition, Disaster management cycle of earthquake, floods, drought,landslides
and cyclone: prevention, preparation and mitigation, Disaster Information, Disaster Response: Disaster Rehabilitation,
Reconstruction and Recovery. Role of National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA).

References:
1. Bolt, B.A. (1988) Earthquakes , W. H. Freeman and Company, New York.
2. Carter, N,W.( 1992) Disaster Management: A Disaster Manager’s Hand Book, Asian Development Bank, Manila.
3. GautamAshutosh.( 1994) Earthquake: A Natural Disaster, Ashok Publishing House, New Delhi.
4. Sharma, V.K. (1995) Disaster Management, IIPA, New Delhi.
5. Singh T.( 2006) Disaster management Approaches and Strategies, Akansha Publishing House, New Delhi.
6. Sinha, D. K.( 2006) Towards Basics of Natural Disaster Reduction, Research Book Centre, New Delhi.

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Name of Program Common for all Four Program Code
year UG
Name of the Course English (One) Course Code 23ENGX01AE01
Hours per Week 2 Credits 02 (L- 2 -T- 0-P- 0)
Maximum Marks 35+15=50 Time of 3 Hours
Examination
Note:
Question No. 1 shall be do as directed (any 7 out of given 10) from Unit 2 and Unit 3 each. Questions No. 2, 3, 4
and 5 shall be long Questions with internal Choice.
Course Learning Outcomes (CLO):
CLO 1. Learners will be able to clarify the distinctive features of English speech sounds, transcribe the words and
use the correct pronunciation of commonly used words
CLO 2. The learner will be able to comprehend basic conversations revolving around friends, family, vacation, one’s
occupation, shopping or announcements at public places and understand the main points/themes discussed
therein
CLO 3. The learners will be able to develop vocabulary of fundamental level and use the basics of grammar for
their communication needs at elementary level
Unit 1:
Introduction to Phonetics:
i. The role of sounds in communication and Phonetic Symbols of English language (as in
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary)
ii. Classification and description of speech sounds:
iii. Distinction between consonants and vowels
iv. Semivowels and Diphthongs
Transcription (of commonly used one or two syllable words)
Unit 2:
Spotting & Correcting the Errors in the use of:
• Part of Speech – noun, pronoun, verb, article, adverb, adjective, preposition, conjunction and interjection
Punctuation

Unit 3:
Spotting & Correcting the Errors in the use of:
• Subject-Verb agreement
• Active/passive Narration

Unit 4:
• Basics of Reading Skills and Reading Strategies: Skimming, Scanning,
• Intensive Reading, Extensive Reading.
• Barriers to Effective Reading and steps to overcome them.
References:
1. English for Ability Enhancement by Orient Blackswan.
2. English Phonetics for Indian Students by Balasubramanian, T.
3. Better Spoken English by Chaudhary, Shreesh.
4. Speak Better Write Better English by Lewis, Norman.
5. Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary.
6. Practical English Usage by Swan, Michael
7. A Practical English Grammar by Thomson, A. J. and A. V. Martinet.

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Name of the Program Common for all Four year Program Code -----
UG/Five Year Integrated
Programs
Name of the Course Environmental Science Course Code 23EVSX01AC01
Hours/Week 2 Credits 2
Max. Marks. 50 Time of end term 3 Hours
examination
Note:The examiner has to set a total of nine questions (two from each unit and one compulsory question
consisting of short answer from all units. The candidate has to attempt one question each
from each unit along the compulsory question (5 x 7 = 35 marks)
Course Objectives:
To create pro-environment attitude and a behavioural pattern in student community and society that attaches
importance and priority to create sustainable life style and awareness on various
environmental issues

Course Outcomes:
On successful completion of this course, the student will be able to have a critical thinking on various
dimensions of environment problems such as water and air pollution, depletion of natural resources, biodiversity and
destruction of ecosystem vis-a vis global climate change and think of solution.

Unit - I
Introduction to Environmental Studies: Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies. Scope and importance;
Concept of sustainability and sustainable development.
Ecosystems: Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the following ecosystem:- a.
Forest ecosystem b. Grassland ecosystem c. Desert ecosystem d. Aquatic ecosystems
(ponds, streams, lakes, rivers, oceans, estuaries)

Unit - II
Renewable and non-renewable resources: Natural resources and associated problems. a) Forest resources: Use
and over-exploitation, deforestation. Timber extraction, mining, dams and their effects on forest and tribal people.
b) Water resources: Use and over-utilization of surface and ground water, floods, drought, conflicts over water,
dams-benefits and problems. c) Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects of extracting and
using mineral resources. d) Food resources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and overgrazing,
effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-pesticide problems, water logging, salinity, case studies. e) Energy
resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non-renewable energy sources, use of alternate energy sources. f)
Land resources: Land as a resource, land degradation, man induced landslides, soil erosion and desertification. Role
of an individual in conservation of natural resources. Equitable use
of resources for sustainable lifestyles.

Unit - III
Biodiversity and its conservation: Introduction – Definition: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity. Biogeographical
classification of India. Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical, aesthetic and option
values Biodiversity at global, National and local levels. Hot-sports of biodiversity. Threats to biodiversity: habitat
loss, poaching of wildlife, man-wildlife conflicts. Endangered and endemic species of India. Conservation of
biodiversity : In-situ and Ex-situ
conservation of biodiversity.

Unit - IV
Environmental Pollution: Definition, Cause, effects and control measures of:- a. Air pollution b. Water pollution
c. Soil pollution d. Marine pollution e. Noise pollution f. Thermal pollution g. Nuclear hazards h. Solid waste. Role of
an individual in prevention of pollution. Disaster management : floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides. Water
Conservation and its strategies. Climate change – green
house gases, acid rain and global warming.

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Suggested Readings:
1. Asthana, D. K. Text Book of Environmental Studies. S. Chand Publishing.
2. Basu, M.,Xavier, S.Fundamentals Of Environmental Studies, Cambridge University Press,
3. Basu, R. N. (Ed.) Environment. University of Calcutta, Kolkata.
4. Bharucha, E. Textbook of Environmental Studies for Undergraduate Courses. UniversitiesPress
5. Miller T.O. Jr., Environmental Science, Wadsworth Publishing Co. Wagner K.D. Environmental
Management. W.B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia, USA 499p
6. Rajesh Dhankhar, Environmental Studies, Daya Publishing House, New Delhi
7. Santra, Environmental Sciences, New Central Book Agency, Kolkata
8. V.K. Ahluwalia, Sunita Mahlotra, Environmental Sciences, Ane Books Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi

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