History

History
Name. Saaid Abbas
Class. Pre olevel
Topic. War of Independence 1857
Questionnaire
1. What was black hole event?
Ans: The Black Hole of Calcutta was an incident that took place on June 20,
1756, when British prisoners were held captive in a small room.
• The event
The prisoners were held captive by the army of the local ruler, Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah,
after the surrender of the East India Company's garrison. The prisoners were held in the
Black Hole, a small lock-up that was 18 ft by 14 ft 10 in and had two small
windows. The prisoners experienced suffocating heat, trampling, fighting over water,
and begging for mercy.
• The aftermath
Between 43 and 123 people died in the incident. The British were outraged and defeated
the Nawab the following year, taking control of Bengal and later much of India
2. Who was Robert Clive?
And. Robert Clive, (29 September 1725 – 22 November 1774), also known as Clive of
India, was the first British Governor of the Bengal Presidency. Clive has been widely
credited for laying the foundation of the British East India Company (EIC) rule in
Bengal. He began as a writer (the term used then in India for an office clerk) for the EIC
in 1744 and established Company rule in Bengal by winning the Battle of Plassey in
1757.
3. What was Pitt’s India act?

Ans. The East India Company Act 1784, also known as Pitt's India Act, was an Act of
the Parliament of Great Britain intended to address the shortcomings of the Regulating
Act of 1773 by bringing the East India Company's rule in India under the control of the
British Government. Named for British prime minister William Pitt the Younger, the act
provided for the appointment of a Board of Control, and provided for a joint
government of British India by the Company and the Crown with the government
holding the ultimate authority. A six-member board of control was set up.
4. Who was Warren Hastings?
Ans. Warren Hastings FRS (6 December 1732 – 22 August 1818) was a British colonial
administrator, who served as the first governor of the Presidency of Fort William
(Bengal), the head of the Supreme Council of Bengal, and so the first governor-general
of Bengal in 1772–1785. He and Robert Clive are credited with laying the foundation of
the British Empire in India.
5. Write in detail about battle of Palasy and battle of Buxer.
Ans. The Battle of Plassey was a turning point that paved the way for British rule in
India. In Bengal, Siraj-ud-Daulah became the Nawab in 1756 and wanted to
reassert his control over British trade in the region. He was unhappy with the
increasing influence of the British East India Company in Bengal and especially
displeased with the fortification of Fort William without his permission. Tensions
escalated when Siraj-ud-Daulah seized Calcutta and took control of the British
fort. The British sent Robert Clive, a military officer, to reclaim their lost influence
in Bengal. Clive was able to forge alliances with key individuals in Siraj-ud-
Daulah’s court, including Mir Jafar, a senior commander who was promised the
throne if he supported the British cause.
On June 23, 1757, the battle took place at Plassey, a small village on the banks of
the Bhagirathi River.
Siraj-ud-Daulah’s forces, though larger in number, were poorly coordinated,

mainly due to Mir Jafar’s betrayal, as he withheld his troops during the fight.
Clive’s army of about 3,000 soldiers managed to rout Siraj-ud-Daulah’s much
larger force of 50,000 due to this betrayal and the British’s more disciplined forces.
Battle of Buxar (1764)
The battle took place on October 22, 1764, near Buxar in Bihar.
Mir Qasim, along with Shuja-ud-Daulah and Shah Alam II, formed a combined
force of over 40,000 troops.
The British East India Company, led by Major Hector Munro, had around 7,000
troops.
Despite being outnumbered, the disciplined British forces managed to defeat the
combined armies of Mir Qasim, Shuja-ud-Daulah, and the Mughal Emperor. The
battle was intense but ultimately ended in favor of the British.

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History

Name. Saaid Abbas

Class. Pre olevel

Topic. War of Independence 1857

1. What was black hole event?

2. Who was Robert Clive?

3. What was Pitt’s India act?

4. Who was Warren Hastings?

5. Write in detail about battle of Palasy and battle of Buxer.

Siraj-ud-Daulah’s forces, though larger in number, were poorly coordinated,

Battle of Buxar (1764)

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