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    British Conquest of Bengal

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    lipikamohapatra40
    The British conquest of Bengal began with the Battle of Plassey in 1757, which led to the execution of Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah and the establishment of British control over Bengal. The subsequent Battle of Buxar in 1764 solidified British authority through the Treaty of Allahabad, which divided administration between the British and the Nawab. By 1772, Bengal was fully under British control, marking a significant step in the establishment of British rule in India.

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    British Conquest of Bengal

    Uploaded by

    lipikamohapatra40
    2 views16 pages
    The British conquest of Bengal began with the Battle of Plassey in 1757, which led to the execution of Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah and the establishment of British control over Bengal. The subsequent Battle of Buxar in 1764 solidified British authority through the Treaty of Allahabad, which divided administration between the British and the Nawab. By 1772, Bengal was fully under British control, marking a significant step in the establishment of British rule in India.

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    The British conquest of Bengal began with the Battle of Plassey in 1757, which led to the execution of Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah and the establishment of British control over Bengal. The subsequent Battle of Buxar in 1764 solidified British authority through the Treaty of Allahabad, which divided administration between the British and the Nawab. By 1772, Bengal was fully under British control, marking a significant step in the establishment of British rule in India.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    2 views16 pages

    British Conquest of Bengal

    Uploaded by

    lipikamohapatra40
    The British conquest of Bengal began with the Battle of Plassey in 1757, which led to the execution of Nawab Siraj-ud-Daulah and the establishment of British control over Bengal. The subsequent Battle of Buxar in 1764 solidified British authority through the Treaty of Allahabad, which divided administration between the British and the Nawab. By 1772, Bengal was fully under British control, marking a significant step in the establishment of British rule in India.

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    British Conquest of Bengal

    and the Battle of Plassey


    and Battle of Buxar
    • The British conquest of Bengal began with the battle of
    Plassey. With the battle of Buxar, British took the revenue
    administration from the Nawab of Bengal.
    • By 1772, the British took complete control of Bengal by
    making the Nawab as pensioner.
    • Bengal was the first province to declare independence
    from the Mughal empire.
    • In 1717, a governor named Murshid Quli Khan, a trusted officer
    of Aurangzeb declared independence during the reign of
    Farrukhsiyar. The kingdom lasted for next 4 decades.

    • The later Nawabs were Shuja-ud-din, Sarfaraz Khan, Alivardi


    Khan and Siraj-ud-Daulah. Siraj-ud-Daulah came to power in the
    year 1756 and he was the Nawab of Bengal during battle of
    Plassey.
    • Battle of Plassey
    • The main causes of battle of Plassey that was fought in 1757
    were Nawab's order to demolish the Forts, Misuse of Dastaks
    by the British and the Black Hole of Calcutta tragedy incidence.
    The British always interfered in the internal matters of Bengal.
    Because of this, there always used to be conflicts between the
    Nawab, Siraj ud Daulah and the British.
    • Fortification Issue - Nawab Siraj ud Daulah gave an order to
    demolish the Forts of British, Dutch and the French. Dutch and the
    French obeyed the order but British refused to do so.
    • Misuse of Dastaks - In 1717, Mughal emperor Farrukhsiyar
    issued a Farman granting free trade rights (without any taxes) to the
    British in three provinces (Bengal, Deccan and Gujarat). In return,
    they have to pay Rs. 10,000 directly to the Mughal emperor.
    • Nawabs of Bengal honoured the Farrukhsiyar Farman even
    though theirs was an independent kingdom. To identify the
    British goods, they introduced Dastak, a certificate signed by the
    governor of Fort William, making the cargo for tax exemption.
    • English East India company always misused the Dastaks. It
    started selling Dastaks to other traders. Siraj-ud Daulah ordered
    not to honour the Dastaks and imposed taxes.
    • Raj Ballabh, the Diwan of Dhaka revolted against the Nawab. He
    was defeated by Siraj-ud-Daulah. He took shelter in Fort William.
    Governor Drake gave shelter to him by taking money.
    This made Siraj ud Daulah to attack Fort William in 1756. Fort
    William was captured by Siraj-ud-Daulah.
    • An event took place in Fort William known as "Black Hole of
    Calcutta" tragedy, which became the immediate cause for Battle of
    Plassey. Siraj ud Daulah captured 146 officers and they were kept in
    a small dark room of 18 x 14 x 10 cubic ft size and having no
    ventilation. After few hours only 16 got survived.
    • On 23rd June, 1757, the battle of Plassey was fought between
    Bengal and the British, which was led by Col. Watson and Robert
    Clive.
    British had a secret treaty with Mir Jafar, a military commander of
    Bengal. The battle was fought for the namesake. It was not a kind
    of war but was a conspiracy.
    Siraj-ud-Daulah was executed. Robert Clive was made as the
    Governor of Fort William.
    • Battle of Buxar Causes
    • After the battle of Plassey was over, Mir Jafar was made as the
    Nawab (1757-1760). He gave 24 Parganas to East India company
    and Rs. 1.77 crore was paid to East India company as war
    indemnity.
    • After that, Mir Jafar wanted to be independent. Now, friction
    started between the British and Mir Jafar. The East India Company
    dismissed him in 1760 and brought Mir Qasim (son-in-law of Mir
    Jafar) to power.
    • Mir Qasim ruled from 1760 to 1763. He gave 3 districts to East
    India Company, namely Chittagong, Midnapore and Burdwan. Mir
    Qasim refused to be a puppet in the hands of British.
    He shifted the capital from Murshidabad (Bengal) to Monghyr
    (Bihar) to liberate himself from clutches of the British.
    • In 1763, Mir Qasim was dismissed and Mir Jafar was brought back
    to power for the second time. This is the main reason for reason for
    battle of Buxar. Mir Qasim went to Awadh and concluded a treaty
    with Awadh Nawab, Shuja-ud-Daulah and Mughal emperor Shah
    Alam II (who was taking refuge in Awadh) at Faizabad.
    • In this treaty, Shuja-ud-Daulah would be given Rs. 3 crore and
    Bihar would be given to Shah Alam II after defeating the British.
    • In 1764, the Battle of Buxar was fought between the Tripartite
    alliance and the British, which was being led by Major Hector
    Munro. Tripartite alliance has been defeated. The Governor of Fort
    William during Battle of Buxar was Henry Vansittart.
    • Consequences of Battle of Buxar
    • After the war of Buxar, the British concluded the treaty of
    Allahabad in 1765. The importance of battle of Buxar is imposition
    of dual government in Bengal by the British
    • As per the treaty of Allahabad, the administration has been
    divided into two parts, namely (i) Diwani administration (revenue)
    and (ii) Nizamat administration (Law and order and Defence).
    • East India company would take Diwani administration and Nawab
    of Bengal would take up Nizamat administration. Robert Clive was
    appointed as the first governor of Bengal. The result of battle of
    Buxar led the British to rule the people of Bengal directly.
    • For the lower order employees, duality of command affected a lot.
    Then happened the great Bengal famine of 1770 and 1/3rd people
    of Bengal died of starvation and it was because of the
    irresponsibility of the dual governance.
    • In 1772, Warren Hastings has been appointed as the governor of
    Bengal and he has done away with the dual government in Bengal.
    The Nawab was stripped off his powers and Bengal completely
    came under control of the British. The last Nawab of Bengal
    Mubarak-ud-Daulah was made as pensioner.
    • In 1773, the governor of Bengal was made as Governor General
    in India. Other governors were made subordinate to him. During
    1757-1772, officials of East India Company were observing people
    of India and Parliament of England's reaction for their actions.
    • So, the British conquest of Bengal that began with the battle of
    Plassey, was the initial step in establishing the British rule in India.

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