Scribd Logo
Upload

Welcome to Scribd!

  • 3 views

    Definition of The Double Integral: F X, y D F X, y D F X, y DX Dy F X, y DX Dy D D A, B C, D F D F D

    Uploaded by

    yac.benallal

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Definition of The Double Integral: F X, y D F X, y D F X, y DX Dy F X, y DX Dy D D A, B C, D F D F D

    Uploaded by

    yac.benallal
    3 views2 pages

    Original Title

    vv

    Copyright

    © © All Rights Reserved

    Available Formats

    PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd

    Did you find this document useful?

    Is this content inappropriate?

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    3 views2 pages

    Definition of The Double Integral: F X, y D F X, y D F X, y DX Dy F X, y DX Dy D D A, B C, D F D F D

    Uploaded by

    yac.benallal

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    You are on page 1of 2

    1.

    Definition of the Double Integral


    Let f (x, y) be a functionRRdefined on a region D ⊂ R2 . The double integral of
    f (x, y) over D, denoted D f (x, y) dx dy, represents the sum of the values of
    f (x, y) weighted by the infinitesimal ”surface element” dx dy over the region D.
    Formally, if D is a rectangle [a, b] × [c, d] and f is continuous over D, the
    double integral of f over D is defined by:
    ZZ n X
    X n
    f (x, y) dx dy = lim f (xij , yij )∆x ∆y
    D n→∞
    i=1 j=1

    where xij and yij are points within each subrectangle created by dividing D,
    and ∆x ∆y represents the area of each subrectangle.

    2. Volume Under a Surface


    The volume under a surface defined by a function f (x, y) over a region D in the
    xy-plane is given by the double integral of f (x, y) over D. In other words, the
    double integral represents the sum of ”prisms” formed under the surface.

    Proposition
    Let f : D → R be a continuous function over D. Then, the volume V under the
    surface z = f (x, y) and above D is given by:
    ZZ
    V = f (x, y) dx dy.
    D

    Proof
    1. Divide the region D into small subregions, each with area ∆Ai , and pick
    a point (xi , yi ) within each subregion.
    2. The contribution to the volume from each small region can be approxi-
    mated by f (xi , yi ) ∆Ai .

    3. Summing these contributions, we get an approximation for the volume:


    n
    X
    V ≈ f (xi , yi ) ∆Ai .
    i=1

    4. Taking the limit as n → ∞ and ∆Ai → 0, this sum converges to the


    double integral: ZZ
    V = f (x, y) dx dy.
    D

    1
    Geometric Interpretation
    RR
    The double integral D f (x, y) dx dy is equivalent to the volume of the region
    between the xy-plane and the surface z = f (x, y). Each value f (x, y) measures
    the ”height” of the surface at a given point, and integrating over D sums up
    these heights to give the total volume.

    3. Illustrative Example
    Suppose we want to calculate the volume under the surface z = x2 + y 2 over
    the square D = [−1, 1] × [−1, 1] in the xy-plane.
    The double integral for this volume is given by:
    ZZ
    V = (x2 + y 2 ) dx dy.
    D

    1. Separate the Integral into two single integrals (using Fubini’s theorem):
    Z 1 Z 1
    V = (x2 + y 2 ) dx dy.
    −1 −1

    2. Evaluate the inner integral (with respect to x):


    Z 1 Z 1 Z 1
    2 2 2
    (x + y ) dx = x dx + y 2 dx.
    −1 −1 −1

    Since y 2 is constant with respect to x, we get:


    1
    x3
    
    2
    = + y2 · 2 = + 2y 2 .
    3 −1 3

    3. Now integrate with respect to y:


    Z 1 
    2 2 2 8
    V = + 2y 2 dy = · 2 + 2 · = .
    −1 3 3 3 3

    8
    Thus, the volume under the surface z = x2 + y 2 over the region D is 3 cubic
    units.

    You might also like

    pFad - Phonifier reborn

    Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

    Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


    Alternative Proxies:

    Alternative Proxy

    pFad Proxy

    pFad v3 Proxy

    pFad v4 Proxy