Nature of Disaster and Its Effects 1

CONCEPT of
Disaster and its

Effects
Disaster Risk Reduction
and Management
Mrs. Myla S. Pingol

Outline
Nature of disaster
Types of disasters
Effects of disasters
Disaster from
different
perspectives
Nature of Disaster
The word “disaster” is derived from Middle
French “désastre” and that from Old
Italian “disastro”, which in turn comes
from the Ancient Greek prefix ‘dis’- "bad"
and ‘aster), "star". The root of the word
“disaster” ("bad star" in Greek) comes
from an astrological sense of a calamity
blamed on the position of planets
What is a Disaster?
A serious disruption of the functioning of a community

or a society at any scale due to hazardous events
interacting with conditions of exposure, vulnerability
and capacity, leading to one or more of the following:
human, material, economic and environmental losses
and impacts. (UNDRR)
TYPES OF
DISASTERS
A.Natural Disasters
Here is an extensive list of natural phenomena that can cause
disasters or calamities:
·Earthquakes
·Tsunamis (tidal waves)
·Volcanic eruptions
·Hurricanes (storms, gales)
·Floods (slow, rapid)
·Massive land movements (landslides, collapses, mudflows)
·Droughts (desertification)
·Epidemics (biological)
·Pests
1. EARTHQUAKE
Any sudden shaking of the ground
caused by the passage of seismic waves
through Earth's rocks.
2. TSUNAMI
Tsunamis are giant waves caused by
earthquakes or volcanic eruptions
under the sea.
3. VOLCANIC ERUPTION
an eruption of molten rock, hot rock fragments,
and hot gases through a volcano, which is a
vent in a planet’s or satellite’s crust.
4. Tropical Storms (Cyclones,

Hurricanes, Typhoons)
They are basically the same thing, they are just
named differently according to where they occur.
Hurricanes (formed in the North Atlantic Ocean &
Northeast Pacific) Cyclones(South Pacific & Indian
Ocean) Typhoons (Northwest Pacific Ocean)
5. Floods
large amount of overflowing water
beyond its normal confines covering an
area that is usually dry.
6. Massive Land Movements

(landslides, collapses, mudflows)
A landslide is the mass movement of rock, soil, and
debris down a slope due to gravity. It occurs when
the driving force is greater than the resisting force.It
is a natural process that occurs in steep slopes. The
movement may range from very slow to rapid.
7. Droughts
a prolonged dry period in the
natural climate cycle that can
occur anywhere in the world. It is
a slow-onset disaster
characterized by the lack of
precipitation, resulting in a water
shortage.
8. Pests)
a destructive insect or other animal that attacks
crops, that has a negative effect on humans.food,
livestock, etc.
9. Epidemics (Biological)
affecting or tending to affect a
disproportionately large number of
individuals within a population,
community, or region at the same time AN
EPIDEMIC is a disease that affects a large
number of people within a community,
population, or region. A PANDEMIC is an
epidemic that's spread over multiple
countries or continents. ENDEMIC is
something that belongs to a particular
people or country.
B. Man-made disasters
Man-made disasters can either be deliberate or due to
a technical failure, which can trigger a
series of other breakdowns and cause a major disaster
Other man-made disasters include:
·Wars (terrorism)
·Explosions
·Fires
·Accidents
·Deforestation
1. Explosions
Ma violent and destructive shattering or
blowing apart of something.
2. Wars
A state of armed conflict between different
nations or states or different groups within a
nation or state.
3. Fires
combustion or burning, in which substances combine

chemically with oxygen from the air and typically give
out bright light, heat, and smoke.
4. Accidents
an unfortunate incident that
happens unexpectedly and
unintentionally, typically
resulting in damage or injury.
5. Deforestation
Deforestation is when humans remove
or thin forests for lumber or to use the
land where the trees stood for crops,
grazing, extraction (mining, oil, or gas),
or development as the population
increases and people migrate
EFFECTS OF
DISASTERS
HAZARDS
A hazard is a dangerous
phenomenon, substance, human
activity or condition. It may cause
loss of life, injury or other health
impacts, property damage, loss of
livelihoods and services, social and
economic disruption, or
environmental damage.
UNDERLYING RISK FACTORS OF
DISASTERS
Processes or conditions, often development-related, that influence the level of disaster
risk by increasing levels of exposure and vulnerability or reducing capacity.
1. Poverty and inequality 6. Limited availability of technology

2. Climate change and variablity 7. Unsustainable uses of natural
3. Unplanned and rapid resources
urbanization 8. Declining ecosystems
4. Demographic change 9.Pandemics and epidemics
5. Non-disaster risk informed 10. Complex supply chains
policies -UNDRR
1. Short term effects
(immediate aftermath of the disaster)
A. Selective mortality -type’ or ‘status’ of those who die
is not always the same.
B. Capital destruction, and Economic crisis-
Capital assets and infrastructure such as housing, schools,
factories and equipment, roads, dams and bridges are lost.
C. Land loss Cumulative loss of the thin layer of
productive topsoil.
D. Economic Crisis -destruction of capital assets, and loss
of land leads to economic crisis.
E. Blame-responsibility for a fault or wrong.
F. Scapegoating -a person who is blamed for the

wrongdoings, mistakes, or faults of others, especially for
reasons.
G. Social Unrest-a form of public engagement that is
disruptive to the public order. It includes civil disorder
where groups use violent injury or damage to effect
change, civil disobedience entailing nonviolent passive
resistance, and strikes that involve employee standoffs
with employers.
1. Long term effects
A. Societal collapse -usually refers to the fall or
disintegration of human societies often along with their
life support systems.
B. Economic restructuring - reduction in job
employment or lay-off, worker displacement,

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CONCEPT of

Disaster and its

Mrs. Myla S. Pingol

A serious disruption of the functioning of a community

4. Tropical Storms (Cyclones,

6. Massive Land Movements

combustion or burning, in which substances combine

1. Poverty and inequality 6. Limited availability of technology

F. Scapegoating -a person who is blamed for the

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