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DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS
UNIVERSITY OF LUCKNOW, LUCKNOW
BA ECONOMICS under NEP
Name of Faculty ARTS
Department ECONOMICS
Programme Name BA in ECONOMICS under NEP
Effective from: JULY- 2024
Duration of Course The duration of the course shall be eight semesters over four years
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BRIEF HISTORY OF DEPARTMENT
The Department of Economics started functioning with the formation of the University of Lucknow in 1921.
Two other departments, Anthropology and Sociology, were created during mid fifties respectively, which
earlier used to be a part of Economics Department. Prof. Radha Kamal Mukherjee was the first Head of the
Department. He remained Head until 1955. For a period of over two years during mid-fifties, he also
remained The Vice Chancellor of the Lucknow University. Subsequently, Department has had a good fortune
of being shaped and developed under the Headship of academicians like Prof. D.P. Mukherjee (1955-57),
Prof. Baljit Singh (1957-74), Prof. S.D.Mishra (1974-75), Prof. Prakash Chandra (1975-76), Prof. V.B. Singh
(1976-78), Prof. N.N. Srivastava (1978-92) and Prof. Paritosh Banerjee (1992-96). Besides these academic
luminaries the Department consisted of many great teachers and scholars like Prof. B.B. Mukherjee (also
conferred the title of Rai Bahadur by the British Government), Prof. D.N. Majumdar, Prof. M.D. Joshi, Prof.
Naseer Ahmad Khan, Prof. P.L. Rawat, Prof. K.C. Seth, Prof. H.G.P. Srivastava, Prof. P.D. Srimali, Prof.
Shailendra Singh, Prof. S.P. Dixit, Prof. R.S. Mathur, Prof. A.K. Singh, Prof. V.P. Bharadwaj, Prof. T.S.
Papola, Prof. B.P.S. Bhadauria, Prof. I. D. Gupta, Prof. A K Sengupta, Prof A.K. Bajpai, Prof. Harsh Mohan,
Prof. Muzammil (Former Vice Chancellor of Bareilly and Agra University), Prof. Y. Taygi and Prof. Rakesh
Kumar.
The Department supports undergraduate and postgraduate programmes (BA, M.A., and Ph.D.) in Economics,
which draw a huge number of applicants from all over the country. These programmes have a strong
theoretical and quantitative focus with an emphasis on empirical applications. Current Faculty members of the
department are contributing in the areas of emerging areas of Economics in terms of teaching and research
activities.
PROGRAMME UNDER NEW EDUCATION POLICY
The programme under NEP provides an opportunity for the students to choose courses from the prescribed
courses comprising Major I, Major II, Minor, value addition courses (CC/ VC). The courses can be evaluated
following the grading system, which is considered to be better than the conventional marks system. Grading
system provides uniformity in the evaluation and computation of the Cumulative Grade Point Average
(CGPA) based on student’s performance in examinations which enables the student to move across
institutions of higher learning. The uniformity in the evaluation system also enables the potential employers to
assess the performance of the candidates.
PROGRAMME OVERVIEW
This programme deals with the study and application of economic theory and economic decision making.
Exposure to different sectors builds the analytical capacity of the students. The program aims at producing
successful and competent economic analysts who are ethically and socially responsible professionals with an
inter-disciplinary orientation.
PROGRAMME OUTCOMES/ OBJECTIVES (PO’S)
The programs offered by the Department of Economics, University of Lucknow, Lucknow are designed to
provide a general understanding of the functioning of the economic system and the role of institutions within
that system; and prepare the student for employment in industry, the professions, and government, or to
pursue graduate work toward such advanced degrees Economics or related fields.
PROGRAMME SPECIFIC OUTCOMES (PSO’s)
The learning output of this course is to ensure the development of an understanding of Micro and Macro
Theory and their application to Economic sub-fields. On successful completion of this course, the student
should be well versed in the concepts, tools and principles in the field of Economics and related fields.
Programme Duration and Credit Requirements
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 The first degree programmes shall be spread over eight semesters (4 academic years). This shall
include 2 Major subjects and a Minor subject. Of the two major subjects, one will be pursued over all
8 semesters. Second major will be pursued for 6 semesters and Minor subject will be pursued for 4
semesters. In addition, students will be required to complete 2 co-curricular and 2 vocational courses.
They will also be required to pursue an internship/ term paper/ minor project and a major project/
dissertation in Major A. The exact combination of courses will depend on whether the student is
pursuing a certificate, diploma, undergraduate degree or undergraduate honours degree with research.
The students will also be required to pass a course on Rashtra Gaurav to obtain certificate, diploma,
undergraduate degree or undergraduate honours degree with research.
 The maximum duration for completing the four year first-degree programme, shall be six consecutive
academic years (N+2 as per UGC guidelines).
 The minimum number of lectures, tutorials, seminars and practicals which a student shall be required
to attend for eligibility to appear in the examination shall be 75%. However, in exceptional cases, the
Dean of the Faculty concerned may grant a relaxation in the minimum attendance requirement by not
more than 15% on the basis of genuine reason.
 In all credit courses (other than Internship/ term paper, minor project, Dissertation/ major Project),
there shall be continuous internal assessment of 25 marks and Semester-end Examinations of 75
marks as per the scheme of Examination. Odd semester examinations will be descriptive where
students answer 5 out of 10 questions. Even semester examinations will have MCQ where students
are supposed to answer 75 out of 100 questions. Any change in examination pattern will be decided
by the Vice Chancellor in consultation with the Deans and Controller of Examinations.
 Major Research Project/ Dissertation will be evaluated in the eighth semester carrying twelve credits.
The student is required to submit the major research project/ dissertation along with the requisite
certification from the concerned supervisor. The supervisor allotment will be decided by the Head of
Department. The panel for evaluation of dissertation (carrying 75 percent weightage) and, the
presentation by the student and viva-voce (carrying 25 percent weightage) shall be from amongst the
eligible teachers of the university and associated colleges.
 For the ease of computation, the assessment/ evaluation of each course will be out of 100 marks (25
for internal assessment and 75 for end of semester examination) irrespective of number of credits
allotted to the course. The marks shall be converted to grades as per the table below. When students
take audit courses, such as Rashtra Gaurav, they may be given pass (P) or fail (F) grade without any
credits.
Letter Grade Grade Point
O (outstanding) 10
A+ (Excellent) 9
A (Very Good) 8
B+ (Good) 7
B (Above average) 6
C (Average) 5
P (Pass) 3.3
F (Fail) 0
(Absent) 0
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COMPUTATION OF SGPA AND CGPA
The Semester Grade Point Average (SGPA) and Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) shall be computed
as follows:
 The SGPA is the ratio of sum of the product of the number of credits with the grade points scored by a
student in all the courses taken by a student and the sum of the number of credits of all the courses
undergone by a student, i.e.
where is the number of credits of the ith course and is the grade point scored by the student in the ith
course.
 The CGPA is also calculated in the same manner taking into account all the courses undergone by a
student over all the semesters of a programme, i.e.,
where, is the SGPA of the ith semester and is the total number of credits in that semester.
 The SGPA and CGPA shall be rounded off to 2 decimal points and reported in the grade cards and
transcripts.
 Whenever a student is permitted to repeat a course, the better grade of the two will be taken for the
computation of SGPA and CGPA.
GRADING
 A student obtaining grades 'P' to 'A+ (numeric grade 4 or higher) in any course shall be considered
PASS in that course.
 For non-credit courses, P or F will indicate Pass or Fail.
 If a course of any subject (both theory and practical) is a credit course, then the passing percentage for
each course is set at 33 percent. However, an aggregate passing percentage of 36 percent shall be
required in a programme.
 There is no minimum passing percentage for internal evaluation. Even if a student scores zero marks
in internal evaluation and meets the minimum passing criteria in external examinations they will be
considered as pass.
 A student shall be eligible for a maximum of seven grace marks if he/ she is able to clear all courses
in the semester with the help of grace marks.
PROMOTION AND REAPPEARING
 All students shall be promoted automatically from odd to even semesters.
 A student shall be promoted from any academic year to the next if he/ she has passed in at least fifty
percent credit courses in previous two semesters combined.
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 Those students who are NOT eligible for promotion shall have to reappear in the end semester
examination of those courses in the semester(s) in which the student has failed, within the next
regular examination only. The grades of internal assessment shall carry forward in such cases.
 Those students who are eligible for promotion and wish to improve their grades. may choose to
reappear in the end of semester examination to improve their grades, within the next regular
examination only. The grades of internal assessment shall carry forward in such cases.
 A student may be allowed to re-register for a semester, within the maximum stipulated time period
allowed to complete the program, provided he/ she satisfies one of the following conditions. In such a
case there shall be fresh assessment of internal evaluation:
 The student is declared fail.
 The student did not appear in a semester-end examination or he/ she was not granted permission
to appear in the examination.
 The student had been detained by the University and subsequently has been permitted to take re-
admission.
 The student has own desire to abandon the performance of the semester and wishes to repeat/
reappear.
 Those students who reappear in any course (s) in any semester or re-register for a semester, shall have
to pay the prescribed fee.
 Cases of use of unfair means in the examination shall be dealt with as per the rules and regulations of
the University.
 Challenge evaluation shall be permitted as per rules/ orders of the Chancellor.
AWARD OF DIVISION
 Division shall be awarded to the students as per the following table:
CGPA RANGE Division
7.50<=CGPA<=10.00 First Division with distinction
6.00<=CGPA<=7.49 First Division
4.50<=CGPA<=5.99 Second Division
3.60<=CGPA<=4.99 Third Division
 There is no direct method of conversion of CGPA to percentage marks, however, the CGPA may be
multiplied by 10 to get the overall indicative percentage marks for comparison with conventional
marks system.
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FRAMEWORK
Proposed structure of UG Programme in the Department of Economics, University of Lucknow
Year Semester Major-A (Subject 1) Major-B (Subject 2) Minor (Subject 3) CC/VC Total Degree
Courses Credits Courses Credits Courses Credits Courses Credits Credits
Sem 1 P-1 Principles of Economics 4 P-1 Principles of Economics 4 Q-1 Principles of 2 CC-1 Financial Literacy and 2 20
Certificate
1 P-2 Indian Economy 4 P-2 Indian Economy 4 Economics Banking
Sem 2 P-3 Economic Theory 4 P-3 Economic Theory 4 Q-2 Contemporary 2 VC-1 Basics of Financial 2
P-4 Contemporary Issues in 4 P-4 Contemporary Issues in 4 Issues in Indian Market 20
Indian Economy Indian Economy Economy
Sem 3 P-5 Macro Economics 4 P-5 Macro Economics 4 Q-3 Macro 2 CC-2 Issues in Environmental 2 20
2 P-6 Environmental Economics 4 P-6 Environmental 4 Economics Economics
Diploma
Economics
Sem 4 P-7 Public Finance 4 P-7 Public Finance 4 Q-4 Public Finance 2 VC-2 Basics of Business 2 20
P-8 International Economics 4 P-8 International Economics 4 Analytics and Computer
Applications
3 Sem 5 P-9 Money and Banking 4 P-9 Money and Banking 4 Internship/Term Paper/Minor Project in Major A (to be 4 20
P-10 Basics of Mathematics and 4 P-10 Basics of Mathematics 4 decided by student in Semester 5)
Statistics for Economics and Statistics for
Graduation Degree
Economics
Sem 6 P-11 Economics of Growth and 4 P-11 Economics of Growth 4 20
Development and Development
P-12 History of Economic 4 P-12 History of Economic 4
Thought Thought
*P-13A Economics of 4
Infrastructure
P-13B Quantitative Methods
P-13C Industrial Economics
Sem 7 P-14 Advanced Micro 4 20
4 Economics
Graduation Honours with

P-15 Advanced Macro 4
Economics
P-16 Basic Econometrics 4
Research
P-17 Advances in Indian 4
Economy
P-18A Financial Economics 4
P-18B Agriculture Economics
P-18C Labour Economics
Sem 8 P-19 Research Methodology 4 Major Research Project or Dissertation 12 20
P-20 (Term Paper) 4
Rashtra Gaurav (Compulsory Non-Credited)**
Total Credit 160
Note:
*Students will study courses P-13 to P-20 in the subject that they choose to continue in year 4.
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**All students will have to pass the Rashtra Gaurav for obtaining certificate, diploma, undergraduate degree or undergraduate honours degree with research, only one.
CC: Co-curricular Course, VC: Vocational Course.
BA ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-I, Paper-I (For Major 1 and Major 2 Courses)
Principles of Economics
Course Code: ECO-101 Credit: 4 (T)
Course Outcomes: On completion of this course, students will be able to understand the basic concepts of
microeconomics and learn how to consumer’s and producer’s equilibrium achieve through demand analysis
and production function.
Unit-I Basic Economic Concepts
Meaning and definition of economics, Problem of scarcity and choice, Opportunity cost and production
possibility frontier, Methods of Economic Study, Static and Dynamic Economics, Equilibrium and its types,
concept of function, maxima and minima.
Unit-II Demand Analysis and Consumer Behavior-I
Concept of Demand and Supply, Demand and Supply function, Shifts in Demand and Supply curves,
Demand and Supply together, Law of Demand, Elasticity of Demand- Types, Measurement and Factors
affecting demand elasticity. Utility Analysis- Cardinal Approach; Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility,
Diamond water paradox, law of Equi-Marginal utility, Consumer’s Equilibrium
Unit- III Demand Analysis and Consumer Behavior-II
Utility Analysis- Ordinal Approach, Indifference curve analysis- Properties, Budget line and its slope,
Consumer’s Equilibrium, Price effect, Income effect and Substitution Effect, Labor supply and savings
decision, Choice between leisure and consumption derivation of demand curve, Consumer’s Surplus,
Producers surplus, Revealed Preference Theory.
Unit-IV Production
Concept of Production, factors of production, , production function, Isoquants, Short run theory of
production, Law of Variable proportions; Long run theory of production, Economic region of production and
ridge lines, Laws of Returns to scale, concept of Isocost line and Producer’s Equilibrium, Expansion path
Text Books
Stonier and Hague: A text book of Economic theory
R.G. Lipsey: An Introduction to positive economics
P. A. Samuelson: Economics
Gould and Ferguson: Micro Economic Theory
Awasthi & Agnihotri: Arthik Siddhant
Suggested Readings
R.S. Pindyck and D.L Rubinfeld: Microeconomics
N. Mankiw: Economics- Principles and Applications
B. Bernheim, M. Whinstorn: Microeconomics
Web References
http://heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/
https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/
https://swayam.gov.in/https://udrc.lkouniv.ac.in/Department/DepartmentDetail/StudyMaterial/dept=5
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BA ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-I, Paper-II (For Major 1 and Major 2Courses)
Indian Economy
Course Outcomes: On completion of this course, students will be able to develop ideas on the basic
characteristics of Indian economy and also understand the importance, causes and impact of population
growth and its distribution and trend in External sector.
Unit I Nature and Growth of Indian Economy
National Income and its components, Characteristics of Indian Economy, growth and development under
different policy regimes: goals, constraints, institutions and policy framework; Developed, developing and
Emerging Market Economies, Structural change in Indian Economy.
Unit II Population and Human Development
Theory of Demographic transition, India’s demographic Profile, Population growth and Population policy,
Migration: causes and effects, Urbanization, Demographic dividend, Human development, health and
education.
Unit III Growth and Distribution
Poverty: Meaning, Types and Poverty Alleviation Programmes, Unemployment: Concept, Types and
Employment generation Programmes, Inclusive development policies, Social Security measures in India.
Unit IV External Sector
Change in composition and direction of exports and imports; foreign trade policies, Trends in BoP
developments; Current account deficit and capital flow, Foreign exchange reserves and Exchange rate, FDI
and Portfolio investment.
References:
Text Books
1. AN Agarwal/MK Agarwal- Indian Economy
2. RudraDutt and KPM Sundaram- Indian Economy
3. Uma Kapila- Indian Economy 4
Suggested Readings
1. Government of India- Economic Survey
2. Misra and Puri- Indian Economy
Web References
https://swayam.gov.in/
https://udrc.lkouniv.ac.in/Department/DepartmentDetail/StudyMaterial?dept=5
https://www.coursera.org/in
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BA ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-I, Paper-I (For Minor Course)

Principles of Economics
Course Code: ECO-101 M Credit: 2 (T)
Course Outcomes: On completion of this course, students will be able to understand the basic concepts of
microeconomics and learn how to consumer’s and producer’s equilibrium achieve through demand analysis
and production function.
Unit-I Basic Economic Concepts
Meaning and definition of economics, Problem of scarcity and choice, Opportunity cost and production
possibility frontier, Methods of Economic Study, Static and Dynamic Economics, Equilibrium and its types,
concept of function, maxima and minima.
Unit-II Demand Analysis and Consumer Behavior-I
Concept of Demand and Supply, Demand and Supply function, Shifts in Demand and Supply curves,
Demand and Supply together, Law of Demand, Elasticity of Demand- Types, Measurement and Factors
affecting demand elasticity. Utility Analysis- Cardinal Approach; Law of Diminishing Marginal Utility,
Diamond water paradox, law of Equi-Marginal utility, Consumer’s Equilibrium
Unit- III Demand Analysis and Consumer Behavior-II
Utility Analysis- Ordinal Approach, Indifference curve analysis- Properties, Budget line and its slope,
Consumer’s Equilibrium, Price effect, Income effect and Substitution Effect, Labor supply and savings
decision, Choice between leisure and consumption derivation of demand curve, Consumer’s Surplus,
Producers surplus, Revealed Preference Theory.
Unit-IV Production
Concept of Production, factors of production, , production function, Isoquants, Short run theory of
production, Law of Variable proportions; Long run theory of production, Economic region of production and
ridge lines, Laws of Returns to scale, concept of Isocost line and Producer’s Equilibrium, Expansion path.
Text Books
Suggested Readings
Web References
https://udrc.lkouniv.ac.in/Department/DepartmentDetail/StudyMaterial/dept=5
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BA ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-II, Paper-III (For Major 1 and Major 2 Courses)
Economic Theory
Course Outcomes: on completion of this course students will be able to understand the price determination
mechanism in different market structure and demonstrate marginal productivity theory of distribution, theory
of wages, interest and profits. They will also develop understanding about market failure.
Unit- I: Costs and Revenue
Concept and Types, Total, Average and Marginal cost: short run and long run, Modern theory of cost curves,
Inter relationship between cost curves. Concept of revenue, Total, Average and Marginal revenue and its
interrelationship, shape of revenue curves. Break even analysis its uses.
Unit-II: Market Structure and Price Determination
Structure of markets, perfect competition- characteristics, Equilibrium of firm and Industry, price
determination under perfect competition, Monopoly-Characteristics, equilibrium, price or output
determination under monopoly. Price discrimination and its degrees, remedies for monopoly, role of
government, antitrust laws, Nature of Monopolistic competition-Characteristics, equilibrium, price and non-
price competition, Oligopoly.
Unit-III: Theory of Distribution
Concept of Factor income: Marginal Productivity theory, Concept of rent and Quasi rent, theories of rent:
classical and modern, Concept of Wage and Wage Determination theories: Classical and Modern, Concept
of Interest and its theories, Classical, Liquidity Preference and Modern, Concept and Theories of Profit.
Unit-IV: Market and Market Failure
Externalities, Public Goods, marginal cost pricing, efficiency of perfect competition, sources of market
failure, Imperfect markets, imperfect information, adverse selection, moral hazard, social choice, government
inefficiency.
Text Books
Suggested Readings
Web References
https://udrc.lkouniv.ac.in/Department/DepartmentDetail/StudyMaterial/dept=5
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BA ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-II, Paper-IV (For Major 1 and Major 2Courses)
Contemporary Issues in Indian Economy
Course Outcomes: On completion of this course, students will be able to understand the growth and
structure of the three sectors of Indian economy, namely agriculture, industry and services. Also, understand
the economic development profile of Uttar Pradesh economy.
Unit I Agriculture and Rural Development

Production, Productivity and Growth of agriculture, Land Reforms, Green revolution, Organic farming, Farm
diversification, Agricultural Marketing, Agricultural Credit, Non-Farm Sector.
Unit II: Industry
Industrial Growth, Industrial Policy, Manufacturing sector, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Sources
of Industrial Finance, Industrial Labour and Social Security Measures.
Unit III: Services
Composition of service sector in India; trend of growth and contribution of service sector in GDP, share and
growth of major services, Informal sector, policy issues for major services.
Unit IV: U.P. Economy

Demographic and Population features, Poverty and Unemployment. Growth and Pattern of Farm Sector,
Development of Industrial Sector, Major Policy initiatives for Development.
Text Books
1. A.N. Agarwal/MK Agarwal- Indian Economy
2. Rudra Dutt and KPM Sundaram- Indian Economy
3. Uma Kapila- Indian Economy
4. Manoj Kumar Agarwal- Uttar Pradesh ka Arthik Vikas
5. Sanjeev Kumar-The State of Indian Agriculture, Sage Publications
Suggested Readings
Web References
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BA ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-II, Paper-II (For Minor Course)
Contemporary Issues in Indian Economy
Course Code: ECO-202M Credit: 2 (T)
Course Outcomes: On completion of this course, students will be able to understand the growth and
structure of the three sectors of Indian economy, namely agriculture, industry and services. Also, understand
the economic development profile of Uttar Pradesh economy.
Unit I Agriculture and Rural Development

Production, Productivity and Growth of agriculture, Land Reforms, Green revolution, Organic farming, Farm
diversification, Agricultural Marketing, Agricultural Credit, Non-Farm Sector.
Unit II: Industry
Industrial Growth, Industrial Policy, Manufacturing sector, Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Sources
of Industrial Finance, Industrial Labour and Social Security Measures.
Unit III: Services
Composition of service sector in India; trend of growth and contribution of service sector in GDP, share and
growth of major services, Informal sector, policy issues for major services.
Unit IV: U.P. Economy

Demographic and Population features, Poverty and Unemployment. Growth and Pattern of Farm Sector,
Development of Industrial Sector, Major Policy initiatives for Development.
Text Books
1. A.N. Agarwal/MK Agarwal- Indian Economy
2. Rudra Dutt and KPM Sundaram- Indian Economy
3. Uma Kapila- Indian Economy
4. Manoj Kumar Agarwal- Uttar Pradesh ka Arthik Vikas
5. Sanjeev Kumar-The State of Indian Agriculture, Sage Publications
Suggested Readings
Web References
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BA ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-III, Paper-V (For Major 1 and Major 2 Courses)

Macroeconomics
Course Outcomes: This course aims to introduce the students to the basic concepts of Macroeconomics.
Macroeconomics deals with the aggregate economy. This course discusses the preliminary concepts
associated with the determination and measurement of aggregate macroeconomic variable like savings,
investment, GDP, money and inflation.
Unit I: Introduction to Macroeconomics and Basic Concepts
Macro vs. Micro Economics, Macroeconomic issues, Limitations of Macroeconomics; Introduction to
National Income, Concepts of GDP, GNP, NDP and NNP at market price and factor cost; Personal Income
and Disposable Personal Income; Concept and Components of Saving and Capital Formation.
Unit II: Measurement of Macroeconomic Variables
Approaches to the Measurement of GDP: Income, expenditure, product or Value-added Methods, Difficulties
of Estimating National Income, Circular Flow of Income and expenditure in two sector economies, IS- LM
Functions. National Income and Economic Welfare; Green Accounting.
Unit III: Determination of Income and Employment
Basic Assumptions of Classical Theory - Classical Theory of Employment - Say’s Law of Market - Wage -
Price Flexibility (Pigou’s Version) - Saving and Investment Equality Evaluation of the Classical Theory of
Employment; The Great Depression of 1930s – failure of classical school and the Keynesian revolution;
Keynesian Theory of Employment. Aggregate demand and aggregate supply; multiplier Analysis with AD
curve and changes in price levels; aggregate supply in the SR and LR.
Unit IV: GDP: Its Components and Determinants
Actual and Potential GDP; Okun’s Law, Components of GDP: Consumption Function- Keynes
Psychological Law of Consumption (Absolute Income Hypothesis), Relative Income Hypothesis, Permanent
Income Hypothesis and Life Cycle Income Hypothesis; Saving Function- APS and MPS, Investment
Function; Concepts of Marginal productivity of capital, marginal efficiency of capital (MEC) and marginal
efficiency of investment (MEI) Concept of Multiplier and Accelerator.
Text Books
1. Branson, W. A., Macroeconomics: Theory and Policy, 3rd ed. Harper and Harper and Row, NY.
2. N. Gregory Mankiw, Macroeconomics, 7th edition, Cengage Learning India Private Limited, NewDelhi
3. Shapiro, E.,Macroeconomics: Analysis‖ Galgotia Publication, New Delhi.
Suggested Readings
1. Karl E. Case and Ray C. Fair, Principles of Economics, Pearson Education Inc., 8th Edition, 2007 3.
2. Lipsey R.G. and K.A. Christal, Principles of Economics 9th Ed., Oxford University Press.
3. SaumanSikdar, Principles of Macroeconomics, Oxford University Press.
4. Stiglitz J. E. and Carl E. Walsh Principles of Macroeconomics, W.W. Norton and Company, New York.
Web References
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BA ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-III, Paper-VI (For Major 1 and Major 2 Courses)
Environmental Economics
Course Outcomes: On completion of this course students will understand the linkage between environment
and economic production and understand the implications of environmental degradation on economic
growth.
Unit I: Basic Concepts
Environmental Economics: Meaning and Scope, Environment and Economy: Neo-classical and Ecological
Economics Perspectives, Interlinkages, Material Balance Model, Environment and Development Trade-off,
Functions of Environment.
Unit II: Cost of Pollution

Deviation from economic efficiency. Pollution as Externality, Environmental Quality as Public Good, Case
of Market failure, Social Optimum Level of Pollution and changes in it, Social Cost Benefit Analysis of
Public Projects, Resource extraction, Hotelling's Rule.
Unit III: Current Environmental Issues

Environmental Pollution (Air, Water, Soil, Thermal, and Noise), Air and Water Quality Standards, Solid
Waste Management, Environmental Regulation: Liability laws, Allocation of Property Rights, Poluution tax,
Transferable Pollution Permit, National Green Tribunal, Environmental legislation in India.
Unit IV: Sustainable Development and Climate

Sustainable Development: Concept, Rules, Approaches to Sustainability and Indicators, Common Property
Resources: Problem and Management, Issue of Climate Change and Global Warming, International
agreement, Biodiversity and Conservation Strategies.
Books Recommended:
Ehrlich, P, A. Ehrlich and J. Hilden, Economics, Population, Resources, Environment, W.H. Freeman, San Francisco.
Hemple, Lamont C., Environmental Economics: The Global Challenge, First East West Press, Edinburgh.
Ahmad, M. Hussen: Principle of Environmental Economics, Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
R.N. Bhattacharya: Environmental Economics, Air India Perspective, Oxford University Press.
Thomas & Callan: Environmental Economics, Cengage publication
Nick Hanley, F. Shogran& J. White: Environmental Economics Theory & Practice, Oxford University Press.
K.V. Pavitran: A Text Book of Environmental Economics, New Age India Publications.
Web References
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BA ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-III, Paper-III (For Minor Course)
Macroeconomics
investment, GDP, money and inflation.
Unit I: Introduction to Macroeconomics and Basic Concepts
Macro vs. Micro Economics, Macroeconomic issues, Limitations of Macroeconomics; Introduction to
National Income, Concepts of GDP, GNP, NDP and NNP at market price and factor cost; Personal Income
and Disposable Personal Income; Concept and Components of Saving and Capital Formation.
Unit II: Measurement of Macroeconomic Variables
Approaches to the Measurement of GDP: Income, expenditure, product or Value-added Methods, Difficulties
of Estimating National Income, Circular Flow of Income and expenditure in two sector economies, IS- LM
Functions. National Income and Economic Welfare; Green Accounting.
Unit III: Determination of Income and Employment
Basic Assumptions of Classical Theory - Classical Theory of Employment - Say’s Law of Market - Wage -
Price Flexibility (Pigou’s Version) - Saving and Investment Equality Evaluation of the Classical Theory of
Employment; The Great Depression of 1930s – failure of classical school and the Keynesian revolution;
Keynesian Theory of Employment. Aggregate demand and aggregate supply; multiplier Analysis with AD
curve and changes in price levels; aggregate supply in the SR and LR.
Unit IV: GDP: Its Components and Determinants
Actual and Potential GDP; Okun’s Law, Components of GDP: Consumption Function- Keynes
Psychological Law of Consumption (Absolute Income Hypothesis), Relative Income Hypothesis, Permanent
Income Hypothesis and Life Cycle Income Hypothesis; Saving Function- APS and MPS, Investment
Function; Concepts of Marginal productivity of capital, marginal efficiency of capital (MEC) and marginal
efficiency of investment (MEI) Concept of Multiplier and Accelerator.
Text Books
1. Branson, W. A., Macroeconomics: Theory and Policy, 3rd ed. Harper and Harper and Row, NY.
2. N. Gregory Mankiw, Macroeconomics, 7th edition, Cengage Learning India Private Limited, NewDelhi
3. Shapiro, E.,Macroeconomics: Analysis‖ Galgotia Publication, New Delhi.
Suggested Readings
1. Karl E. Case and Ray C. Fair, Principles of Economics, Pearson Education Inc., 8th Edition, 2007 3.
2. Lipsey R.G. and K.A. Christal, Principles of Economics 9th Ed., Oxford University Press.
3. SaumanSikdar, Principles of Macroeconomics, Oxford University Press.
4. Stiglitz J. E. and Carl E. Walsh Principles of Macroeconomics, W.W. Norton and Company, New York.
Web References
15
BA ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-IV, Paper-VII (For Major 1 and Major 2 Courses)
Public Finance
Course Outcomes: This course aims to introduce the students to the basic concepts of Public Finance. On
completion of this course students will be able to understand the revenue and expenditure system of the
federal country, India.
Unit-I: Introduction to Public Finance
Public Finance: Meaning, Nature, Scope and Importance; difference between Private and Public Finance;
Principle of Maximum Social Advantage; Role of State in Public Finance. Classification of Goods: Private,
Public, Social, Merit and Mixed Goods
Unit-II: Sources of revenue
Internal and External source of revenue, Taxes, loans, grants and aid – meaning and types, canons/ principles
of taxation, problem of justice in taxes, incidence of taxation, Impact of taxation & tax evasion, taxable
capacity; characteristics of Indian tax system, defects & steps of reform.
Unit-III: Public Expenditure and Debt
Principle of Public Expenditure; Theories of Public Expenditure – Maximum Social Advantage, Wiseman-
Peacock Hypothesis and Wagner's hypothesis. Effects of Public Expenditure on Production, Sources of
Public Debt, Burden of public debt – theories, effects of public debt, methods of debt redemption, Public
Debt Management in India.
Unit-IV: Public finance in India
Sources of Revenue of Central; State Government and Local Bodies; Concept and Types of Budget, Fiscal
Deficit, Deficit Financing and Deficit Budget, Financial relation between Central and State; Finance
commission; functional finance approach, Fiscal Policy; fiscal policy for inflation, full employment and
economic growth.
References:
Text Books
1. Bhatia, H. L., Public Finance, Recent Edition, Vikas Publication, New Delhi.
2. Musgrave, R. A. and P. B. Musgrave, 1980, Public Finance in Theory and Practice, McGraw Hill, Kogakusha,
Tokyo.
3. Musgrave, Richard A. (1959), Theory of Public Finance, McGraw Hill, Kognakhusa, Tokyo.
4. Tyagi, B.P., Public Finance, Latest edition, Jain Praksash Nath & Company, Meerut.
Suggested Readings
1. Andley and Sundaram, Public Finance, Latest edition, Ratan Prakashan, Agra.
2. Dalton, Huge, Principles of Public Finance, 1971, Rontledge and Hegan Paul Limited, London.
3. Ganguly S., Public Finance, 1999, The World Press Private Ltd. Calcutta.
4. Mithani, D. M.; (1998), Modern Public Finance, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.
Web References
16
BA ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-IV, Paper-VIII (For Major 1 and Major 2 Courses)
International Economics
Course Outcomes: This course introduces students to the various international trade theories and students
will learn how international trade has helped countries to acquire goods at cheaper cost. Also, understand the
concept of balance of payments and exchange rate determination in foreign exchange market.
Unit 1: Theories of International Trade
Need and Importance of International Trade, Free trade and protection, Intra Industry trade Mercantilism,
Absolute Cost Advantage theory, Comparative Cost Advantage theory, Theory of Reciprocal demand,
Theorem of factor price equalization, Leontieff’s paradox, Hecksher- Ohlin Theorem, Terms of trade-
Meaning, Types and Determination of firms in the global economy — outsourcing and multinational
enterprises.
Unit 2: The Balance of Payments
Concept and components of balance of trade and balance of payments. Disequilibrium and measures to
correct balance of payments. The basic analysis of Tariffs, Quotas, Protection and Imperfect Competition,
Optimum tariff. Customs unions, trade barriers, Arguments for and against a Tariff. Adjustment Mechanism
in the Balance of Payments – Direct and Indirect mechanisms; Mundell- Fleming model, Marshall- Lerner
condition, Depreciation and Devaluation, J curve, foreign trade of India and foreign trade policy of India.
Unit 3: Foreign Exchange and Exchange Rate
Meaning of foreign exchange rate and types- fixed, pegged, flexible, hybrid. Foreign exchange rate under
gold standard, Purchasing power parity theory and modern theory of exchange rate, NEER, REER., methods
of controlling exchange rate- Unilateral and bilateral. Foreign exchange risks; hedging and market, interest
arbitrage and efficiency of foreign exchange markets;
Unit 4: Financial Institutions
International monetary system: Bretton woods system and IMF, Objectives, Working Quota System, SDR,
The World bank group- IBRD, IDA, IFC, MIGA, ICSID, ADB- Objectives, working and functions.
International lending and world debt crisis, Foreign Direct Investment.
Text Books
1. Bo Soderston, International Economics, Palgrave Macmillan.
2. Dominick Salvatore, International Economics: Trade and Finance, John Wiley International.
3. H.G. Mannur, International Economics, Vikas Publishing House.
Suggested Readings
1. Paul Krugman, Maurice Obstfeld and Marc Melitz, International Economics: Theory and Policy, Addison-Wesley
(Pearson Education India Edition).
Web References
17
BA ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-IV, Paper-IV (For Minor Course)
Public Finance
Course Outcomes: This course aims to introduce the students to the basic concepts of Public Finance. On
completion of this course students will be able to understand the revenue and expenditure system of the
federal country, India.
Unit-I: Introduction to Public Finance
Public Finance: Meaning, Nature, Scope and Importance; difference between Private and Public Finance;
Principle of Maximum Social Advantage; Role of State in Public Finance. Classification of Goods: Private,
Public, Social, Merit and Mixed Goods
Unit-II: Sources of revenue
Internal and External source of revenue, Taxes, loans, grants and aid – meaning and types, canons/ principles
of taxation, problem of justice in taxes, incidence of taxation, Impact of taxation & tax evasion, taxable
capacity; characteristics of Indian tax system, defects & steps of reform.
Unit-III: Public Expenditure and Debt
Principle of Public Expenditure; Theories of Public Expenditure – Maximum Social Advantage, Wiseman-
Peacock Hypothesis and Wagner's hypothesis. Effects of Public Expenditure on Production, Sources of
Public Debt, Burden of public debt – theories, effects of public debt, methods of debt redemption, Public
Debt Management in India.
Unit-IV: Public finance in India
Sources of Revenue of Central; State Government and Local Bodies; Concept and Types of Budget, Fiscal
Deficit, Deficit Financing and Deficit Budget, Financial relation between Central and State; Finance
commission; functional finance approach, Fiscal Policy; fiscal policy for inflation, full employment and
economic growth.
References:
Text Books
1. Bhatia, H. L., Public Finance, Recent Edition, Vikas Publication, New Delhi.
2. Musgrave, R. A. and P. B. Musgrave, 1980, Public Finance in Theory and Practice, McGraw Hill, Kogakusha,
Tokyo.
3. Musgrave, Richard A. (1959), Theory of Public Finance, McGraw Hill, Kognakhusa, Tokyo.
4. Tyagi, B.P., Public Finance, Latest edition, Jain Praksash Nath & Company, Meerut.
Suggested Readings
1. Andley and Sundaram, Public Finance, Latest edition, Ratan Prakashan, Agra.
2. Dalton, Huge, Principles of Public Finance, 1971, Rontledge and Hegan Paul Limited, London.
3. Ganguly S., Public Finance, 1999, The World Press Private Ltd. Calcutta.
4. Mithani, D. M.; (1998), Modern Public Finance, Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai.
Web References
18
BA ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-V, Paper-IX (For Major 1 and Major 2 Courses)
Money and Banking

Course Outcomes: This course introduces students to the conceptual and practical operations of the Money,
banking, financial markets and institutions. The course is intended to provide an in-depth understanding of
the operational issues of capital and money market network along with its regulatory framework.
Unit I: Money and Value of Money
Money: Kinds, Functions, Significance and history, Monetary Standards, Value of money, Measurement of
changes in the value of money, cash Transaction Approach, Cash Balance Approach and Keynes view of
value of Money.
Unit II: Demand and Supply of Money
Demand for Money: Classical, Keynesian- Liquidity preference theory, Baumol’s, Tobin’s and Friedman’s
Approaches, Supply of Money: Determinants of Money Supply—High Powered Money and Money
Multiplier—Indian Currency system, Brief history of Indian Rupee and Digital currency, Money Market
Unit III: Commercial Banking
Meaning, functions and Structure of Commercial Banking in India, nationalization and reforms, Balance
sheet and portfolio management; Process of credit creation and limitations, liabilities and assets of banks;
ATM - Internet Banking - Core banking- UPI payment, Demat account. NPAs of Commercial Bank - NPA
Resolution mechanism, one time settlement policy and hiving off;Pre-requisites of a sound commercial
banking system; Role of commercial banks in a developing economy, Role of private banking in India;
Microfinance: Concept and progress in India.
Unit IV: Central Banking
Meaning and functions of Central bank; Objectives and methods of credit control- Quantitative and
qualitative methods; Role and functions of Reserve Bank of India; Demonetization, Monetary Policy:
Objectives, Targets and indicators, role and structure of monetary policy committee; Indian money market:
components and limitations; Non-Banking Financial Intermediaries: meaning and role in economic
development.
Text Books
Gupta, S.B. (1995), Monetary Economics: Institutions, Theory and Policy, S. Chand & Co.,New Delhi.
Hajela, T.N., (2009) Money and Banking, Ane Books Pvt Ltd., New Delhi
RR Paul, Monetary Economics, Kalyani Publishers
Suggested Readings
Chandler L.V., and S.M. Goldfeld (1977), The Economics of Money and Banking, Harper&Row, New York.
Ghosh and Ghosh, Fundamentals of Monetary Economics, Himalaya Publishing House
Sundharam KPM, Banking: Theory, Law and Practice, Sultan Chand and Sons, New Delhi
Web References
19
BA ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-V, Paper-X (For Major 1 and Major 2 Courses)

Basics of Mathematics and Statistics for Economics

Course Outcomes: The objective of this sequence is to transmit the body of basic statistics that enables the study
of economic theory at the undergraduate level. In this course, particular economic models are not the ends, but the
means for illustrating the method of applying statistics tolls to economictheory in general.
Unit I: Set Theory & Functions
Sets and Set operations; Relations; Functions and their properties; Types of Functions- Constant, Polynomial,
Rational, Exponential, Logarithmic; Graphs of Functions; First Order Derivative and its Application in Economics;
Slope and Elasticity of Demand, Determination of Marginal Revenue, Marginal Cost and Marginal Product; Second
Order derivative and its Application in Economics
Unit II: Matrices & Determinants
Matrices: Concept, Types, Matrix Algebra, Transpose of a Matrix, Inverse of a matrix, Rank of a Matrix; Matrix
Inversion Method and its Economic Applications, Determinants: Concept, Properties, Solving Problems using
Properties of Determinants
Unit III: Diagrammatic Illustrations &and Measures of Central Tendency
Bar Diagrams - One Dimensional and Two-Dimensional Diagrams, Pictograms and Cartograms, Frequency
Distribution - Univariate and Bivariate Frequency Distributions, Histogram, Frequency Curve, Ogive Curves,
Measures of Central Tendency - Mean, Median and Mode - their Merits and Demerits, Geometric Mean, Harmonic
Mean.
Unit IV: Measures of Dispersion & Correlation
Measures of Dispersion - Range, Mean deviation, Quartile Deviation, Standard Deviation, Correlation- Karl
Pearsons, Spearman’s Rank Correlation
Readings
Dowling, E. T. : Schaum’s Outlines-Introduction to Mathematical Economics. (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
Allen,R.G.D (2006): Mathematical Analysis For Economists, Macmillan And Company Limited
A.C. Chiang and K. Wainwright (2005): Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics, McGraw Hill International
Edition.
T. Yamane (2012): Mathematics for Economists, Prentice-Hall of India
K. Sydsaeter and P. J. Hammond (2002): Mathematics for Economic Analysis, Pearson Educational Asia Mehta and
Madnani: Mathematics for Economists, New Delhi: Sultan Chand Company
S.C. Gupta: Fundamentals of Statistics, Himalaya Publishing House, New Delhi
Murray R. Speigel : Theory & Problems of Statistics, Schaum’s publishing Series
Web References
20
BA ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-VI, Paper: XI (For Major 1 and Major 2 Courses)
Economic Growth and Development
Course Outcome: The objective of this course is to aware the students about the concepts and basic model
of economic growth and development. On completion of this course, students will be able to understand the
concepts of development indicators, measurement of poverty line and inequality.
Unit I: Economic Growth and Development
Conception of Development Economic Growth and Development-Definition, Distinction and Measurement,
Traditional Economic Measures- GNP, GDP, income per capita, Characteristics of developing nations,
Economic and Non-Economic factors in economic development.
Unit II: Major Concerns of Development
Poverty and Inequality- Concept of Vicious Circle of Poverty, Measuring Absolute Poverty, Poverty Line,
Poverty Gap, FGT poverty measure and HPI Concept of Inequality, Unemployment, Concept of Human
Development and Its Indices; HDI, PQLI, HPI and GDI.
Unit III: Theories of Economic Growth and Development
Lewis model of labour surplus economy, Rosentein Rodan’s theory of Big Push, Nelson’s Level equilibrium
trap, balanced vs Un-balanced growth, Rostow’s stages of growth, Harrod & Domar and Solow Growth
models.
Unit IV: Development and International Issues
International aspects of economic development; International trade, FDI, FII, Regional cooperation (SAPTA,
NAFTA, SAARC, BRICS etc.) , WTO and developing countries.
Text Books:
A.P Thirlwal, Economics of Development, Palgrave macmillan, Ninth Edition, 2014
Gerald M. Meier, Leading Issues in Economic Development, OUP, Eighth edition, 2010.
Todaro and Smith, Economic Development, Pearson Education Ltd., Eighth Edition, 2009.
Suggested Readings:
Charles I. Jones Introduction to Economic Growth, Viva-Norton Student Edition, second edition, 2013.
Web References
21
BA ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-VI, Paper: XII (For Major 1 and Major 2 Courses)
History of Economic Thought
Course Code: ECO-602 Credit: 4 (T) Course
Course Outcomes: This course introduces the students with different school of economic thoughts such as
mercantilism, Classical- New Classical economic thought, Malthusian school of economic thought and ideas
of Indian economic thinkers such as Mahatma Gandhi, B.R. Ambedakar, J.K. Mehta etc.
Unit I: Classical Economic Thought
Mercantilism, Physiocracy, Economic Ideas of Adam Smith, David Ricardo, Thomas Robert Malthus.
Unit II: Neo Malthusian Economic Thought

J B Say, J S Mill, J.M. Keynes, Karl Marx and his contribution.
Unit III: Debate on Methods of Economic Analysis

New theory of value of distribution: Menger, Walras, Jevons, Wieser, Bohm- Bawerk, Schumpeter and
Marshall.
Unit IV: Indian Economic Thought

Kautilya, Valluvar, Dada Bhai Naoroji, BR Ambedkar, Gandhian Economics, JK Mehta, P.C. Mahalanobis.
Text Books
Dobb, Maurice- Theories of Value and Distribution since Adam Smith
Gide and Rist- History of Economic Doctrines
Obrien- Classical theory of Value and Distribution
Schumpeter, J A- History of Economic Analysis
Stigler, G J- Essay in the History of Economics
Ajit, K, Dasgupta, A history of Indian economic thought, Routledge 11 New fetter lane, London
Bhatiya,H.L., A history of Indian economic thought, S.Chand Publication. New Delhi
Ghos & Ghos, Concise History of Economic thought Himalaya publication House Pvt. Ltd.
Suggested Readings
Clair, St. Oswald- A Key to Ricardo
Meek, RL- Physiocracy 3. Meek, RL- The Labour theory of Value
Shiva Chandra, A history of Indian economic thought, Firma KLM, The University of Michigan
T, N, Hajela, A history of economic thought, Ane Books Pvt. New Delhi
Web References
22
BA ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-VI, Paper-XIII A (For Major 1 Courses)
Economics of Infrastructure
Course Code: ECO-603A Credit: 4 (T)
Course outcomes: Lack of adequate infrastructure has been held as a major obstacle to growth. The contents
of this paper expose the student wholly to issues involved in development of infrastructure in a developing
country like India.
Unit I: Role of Infrastructure in Economic Development Infrastructure

Development Linkages; Infrastructure as Public Good – Issues in non-excludability and non-rivalrous
consumption; Physical and Social Infrastructure; Nature of Public Utilities; The Peak-Load, Off-Load
Problem; Issues in Privatisation of Infrastructure.
Unit II: Governance and Regulation of Infrastructure
Infrastructure Policy and Regulation; Infrastructure Finance; Public-Private Partnership (PPP); Models and
Examples in PPP
Unit III: Physical Infrastructure
Transportation: Railways, Roadways, Airways and Waterways: Progress, Pricing; Technological
Advancement and Challenges. New policies/programmes related to each mode of transportation
Communication: Tele-density, Mobile and Internet, Social Media; Growth of IT- Information Technology
Enabled Services (ITES).
Unit IV: Energy, Electricity and Special Economic/Investment Zones:
Power Generation, Distribution and Pricing; Privatisation of Electricity; Coverage; Alternative (Renewable
and Unconventional) Sources of Energy, including Nuclear, Solar and Wind Energy; Energy Conservation;
Problems and Potential of SEZs, Export Processing Zones (EPZs) and Special Investment Region (SIR).
Suggested Readings
Government of India (2023), The India Infrastructure Report, IDFC Foundation, iDeCK and National Institute of Urban
Affairs
Crew, M.A. and P.R. Kleindorfer (1979), Public Utility Economics, Macmillan, London.
Government of India (2022), Economic Survey, New Delhi.
Indian Council of Social Sciences Research (ICSSR) (1976), Economics of Infrastructure Vol. VI, New Delhi.
Parikh, K.S. (Ed.). India Development Reports. Oxford University Press, New Delhi
23
BA ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-VI, Paper-XIII B (For Major 1 Courses)
Quantitative Methods
Course Code: ECO-603B Credit: 4 (T)
Course Outcome: The objective of this sequence is to transmit the body of basic statistics that enables
the study of economic theory at the undergraduate level. In this course, particular economic models are not
the ends, but the means for illustrating the method of applying statistics tolls to economic theory in
general.
Unit I: Matrices & Determinants

Matrices and Determinants; Algebra of Matrices, Multiplication, Rank of a Matrix, Characteristic Roots and
Vector, Matrix Expression of a System of Linear Equations, Solution of Simultaneous Equations, Cramer’s
Rule, Jacobian Determinant
Unit II: Coordinate Geometry & Trigonometry

Introduction of Algebraic Series, Basic Trigonometry Identities, Linear Equations, An Introduction to
Straight Line, Parabola, Hyperbola
Unit III: Function and Derivatives

Optimization- Maxima and Minima, Concavity and Convexity, Multiple Variable Optimization Problems-
Constrained and Unconstrained, Lagrange Multiplier, Hessian Determinant.
Unit IV: Integration

Integration of Functions, Integration by substitution, Parts and Partial Fraction; Definite Integral: Area under
or between Curves and Improper Integrals; Applications of Definite Integrals in Economics: From a
Marginal function to a Total function, Consumers’ and Producers’ Surplus
Readings
Dowling, E. T. : Schaum’s Outlines-Introduction to Mathematical Economics. (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.
Allen, R.G.D (2006): Mathematical Analysis for Economists, Macmillan and Company Limited
A.C. Chiang and K. Wainwright (2005): Fundamental Methods of Mathematical Economics, McGraw Hill
International Edition.
T. Yamane (2012): Mathematics for Economists, Prentice-Hall of India
K. Sydsaeter and P. J. Hammond (2002): Mathematics for Economic Analysis, Pearson Educational Asia
Mehta and Madnani: Mathematics for Economists, New Delhi: Sultan Chand Company
J.M. Handerson & R.E.Quandt(1980): Micro Economic Theory: A Mathematical Approach. (New Delhi: McGraw-
Hill Book Company)
24
BA ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-VI, Paper-XIII C (For Major 1 Courses)
Industrial Economics
Course Code: ECO-603C Credit: 4 (T)
Course Outcomes: This paper introduces to students with concept of firms and its structure. The students
will learn how location of industry is determined by different location theories and different types of project
appraisal techniques.
Unit I: Introduction to Industrial Economics
Concept and Organization of a firm - Ownership control and objectives of a firm, Passive and active behavior
of firm, Size, Growth, Profitability, Productivity, Efficiency and Capacity Utilization-Concept and
measurement. Industrial policy, MSME Policy, Role of Public and private sectors Privatization and
disinvestment debate, Recent trends in Indian industrial growth.
Unit II: Location and Regional Development of Industry
Determinants of Industrial Location - Technical, economic, infrastructural and other factors. Theories of
industrial location - Weber, August Losch, Sargant Florence, Development of Backward Regions -
Government Policy and approach for the development of backward regions.
Unit III: Industrial Structure and Labour
Alternative Patterns of Industrialization - Hoffman’s hypothesis of capitalistic economies – Simon Kuznet’s

interpretation - Industrialization and planned economies - Entry & Exit Policy, Mergers and Acquisitions,
Structure of Industrial labour, Industrial relations, Social Security Measures and Labour Reforms in Indian
Context.
Unit IV: Project Appraisal and Industrial Finance
Project Appraisal Techniques – Payback method CBA, NPV and IRR, Sources of Industrial Finance -
Owned, external and components of funds; Nature, Volume and Types of institutional finance – IDBI, IFCI,
SFCs, SIDC, Commercial Banks, etc.;
Text Books
Barthwal, R.R: Industrial Economics (Wiley Eastern Ltd, New Delhi, 1985)
Cherunilam F: Industrial Economics: Indian Perspective (3rd Edition) (Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai, 1994)
Suggested Readings:
Ahluwalia, I.J: Industrial Growth in India (Oxford University Press, New Delhi, 1985)
Desai B: Industrial Economy in India (3rd Edition) (Himalaya Publishing House, Mumbai, 1999)
Divine P.J & R.M Joneset. Al: An Introduction to Industrial Economics (George Allen and Unwin Ltd, London, 1976)
Web References
25
BA ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-VII, Paper: XIV (For Major 1 Course)
Advanced Microeconomics
Course Outcomes- The emphasis will be on giving conceptual clarity to the students coupled with the use
of mathematical tools and reasoning.
Unit I: Consumer Behaviour
Measurement of Utility, Cardinal vs. Ordinal Approaches, Indirect Utility Function, Roy’s Identity,
Shepherds Lemma, Theory of Revealed Preference and logic of Ordering; Strong and weak Ordering and
theory of Demand; Hicks Revision of Demand theory and characteristics approach to Demand composite
commodity theorem
Unit II: Theory of Production
Production Function of a Single and Multi Product Firm, Technological Progress and Production Function,
Choice of Optimal Input Combinations, Input demand curves- shifts in input demand curves, productivity of
an input, marginal productivity of labour and marginal revenue product.
Unit III: Cost Function Meaning and Types of Cost
Meaning and Types of Cost, Traditional and Modern Theory of Cost, Shapes of Cost Curves, Analysis of
Economies of Scale, Derivation of Cost Function from Production Function.
Unit IV: Market Forms and Pricing of Product Types of Market Situations
Relationship between Perfect and Monopoly Situation, Duopoly Market Situation, Cournot’s, Stackelberg,
Edgeworth and Bertrand Models, Monopolistic Competition: Characteristics, Price and Non-Price
Competition.
Suggested References:
Koutsoyiannis, A. Modern Microeconomics. Macmillan Education
Pindyc, Robert S. and Daniel L. Rubinfeld. Microeconomics.
Varian, Hal R. Intermediate Microeconomics: A Modern Approach. W. W Norton and Company/Affiliated East-West
Press (India).
26
BA ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-VII, Paper: XV (For Major 1 Course)
Advanced Macroeconomics
investment, GDP, money and inflation, circular flow of income, trade cycle etc.
Unit I: Circular Flow of National Income and theory of Distribution
Circular flow of National income: impact of changes in government expenditure and taxes; Macroeconomic
Equilibrium with and without External Sector, Macroeconomic Theories of distribution- Ricardo, Marx and
Kaldor.
Unit II: IS-LM Analysis
Equilibrium in the product and money markets: IS and LM functions, changes in IS and LMFunctions,
Elasticity of LM Schedule and shift in LM curve with changes in Money Supply and Money Demand,
Interest Elasticity of IS schedule and equilibrium.Macroeconomic Equilibrium with three sector economy
model.
Macro Economic policies: Monetary and Fiscal Policies: Objectives, Instruments, Policy-Mix and limitations
Unit III: Inflation & Trade Cycles.
Inflation: Concept, Types, Causes and Measurement – Effects of Inflation – Measures to Control Inflation –
Concepts of Phillips Curve, Deflation and Stagflation. The Philips Curve and the trade-off between Inflation
and Unemployment- Short-run and long-run Philips Curve, Adaptive and Rational Expectation; Policy
ineffectiveness debate. Trade Cycles: Concept, Causes and Phases of trade cycle. Theories of Trade Cycles:
Hawtrey, Hayek, Schumpeter, Samuelson and Hicks.
Macro Economics Policies: Targets and instruments; The Great Depression; Auto- stabilization, Lags in the
effect of policies; Expectations and Reactions; Uncertainty and Economic Policies.
Unit IV: New Keynesian Theories
Real vs. Nominal Rigidities, Real Non-Walrasian Theories, Coordination Failures, the Efficiency Wage
Model, Insider-Outsider Model, Search and Matching Models. Gradualism vs Shock Therapy, Rules vs
Discretion, Dynamic Inconsistency Problem, Inflation Targeting, Seignorage, Barro-Ricardo and Blinder-
Solow Hypothesis.
Reading List:-
David Romer, Advanced Macroeconomics, 2e McGraw Hill, 2001
Oliver J Blanchard and Stanley Fischer, Lectures on macroeconomics, Prentice Hall, New Delhi
Mankiw, N. G. and D. Romer (Eds.) (1991), New Keynesian Economics, (2 Vols.), MIT Press, Cambridge.
Rudiger Dornbusch, Stanley Fischer and Richard Startz (2018) Macroeconomics (12th edition) , McGraw Hill
Eroll D'souza, (2012) Macroeconomics, 2/e Pearson Education India
27
BA ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-VII, Paper: XVI (For Major 1 Course)
Basic Econometrics
Course Outcome: This paper introduces to students with concepts of econometrics such Probability,
Normal Distribution, Testing of Hypotheses, Ordinary Least Square, Regression etc.
Unit I: Probability Distribution

Probability Theory and Distribution, Defining Random Variables, Expected Values and Probability
Functions; Discrete and Continuous distributions; Normal Distribution, Testing of Hypotheses, Type I and
Type II errors.
Unit II: Simple Linear Regression Model

Estimation of Model by Ordinary Least Square: Assumptions & Properties; Goodness of fit- R Square;
Gauss-Markov Theorem; Testing of Regression Coefficient.
Unit III: Violation of the CLRM Assumptions:

Heteroscedasticity: Causes, Consequences, Detection and Remedies, Autocorrelation: Causes, Consequences,
Detection and Remedies, Multicollinearity: Causes, Consequences, Detection and Remedies.
Unit IV: Multiple Linear Regression Model

Estimation of Model by Ordinary Least Square: Assumptions & Properties, Multiple Regression
Coefficients, Partial Correlation Coefficient and its Relation with Multiple Regression Coefficient.
Readings
Gujarati, D. N., Porter, D.C., (2009). Basic Econometrics. (5th ed.). New Delhi: McGraw Hill.
Gujarati, D. N. (2011). Econometrics by Example (1st ed.). New Delhi: Palgrave.
Koutsoyiannis, A. (1973). Theory of Econometrics. New York: Harper & Row.
Studenmund, A. H. (2014). Using Econometrics: A Practical Guide. (7th ed.). New Delhi: Pearson.
Wooldridge, J. M. (2018). Introductory econometrics: A modern approach,(7th Ed), CENGAGE
28
BA ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-VII, Paper: XVII (For Major 1 Course)
Advances in Indian Economy
Course Code: ECO- 704 Credit: 4 (T)
Course Outcome: To provide the students with a critical understanding of the Indian economy so that they
may be able to engage meaningfully with the issues regarding the country‘s economy. Moreover, student
should be able to comprehend the issues at the macro level while using their theoretical understanding of the
macroeconomics and development in the context of the Indian economy.
Unit 1: History of Development and planning
Development strategies since independence, major aspects of transformation and recent developments,
Pattern, trends, aggregate and sectoral composition of National Income and per capita income, Fiscal
Reforms, Financial Sector Reforms and Trade Reforms.
Unit 2: Agriculture
Pattern and Growth, Public Distribution System, Agricultural Price Policy and Subsidies, Food Security,
Investment in agriculture, WTO and agriculture, Agriculture and Environment.
Unit 3: Industry and Services
Pattern and Growth of Industries, Strategy for Industrial development, Role of Foreign Direct investment and
multinationals, Growth and Structure of Services Sector, Low employability of high end services sector.
Unit 4: Poverty, Unemployment and Human Development
Estimates of inequality and poverty for India, Multidimensional Poverty Index, India’s human development
record in global perspective.
Suggested Readings:
Agarwal A. N and M.K. Indian Economy, New Age Publications

Banerjee Abhijit, What the Economy Needs Now, Juggernaut Publication
Dreze Jean, Social Policy (EPW), Orient Blackswan
Economic Survey, Ministry of Finance, Government of India
Human Development Reports, UNDP
Kapila Uma, Indian Economy: Performance and Policies, Academic Foundation
Kumar Sanjeev, Crop Diversification and Food Security in India, Mittal Publications
Piketty Thomas, Economics of Inequality, Harvard University Press
Stiglitz Joseph, Globalization and its Discontents, Penguin
Relevant Government Publications
29
BA ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-VII, Paper: XVIII-A (For Major 1 Course)
Financial Economics
Course Code: ECO-705A Credit: 4 (T)
Course Outcome: The course is designed to inculcate the values of financial literacy and banking in the
21st century, which are an utmost need of the hour to overcome various challenges. To make the students
aware of the benefits of financial planning, capital flows foreign exchange market.
Unit I: Introduction to Financial Economics

Financial versus non financial assets, Structure of financial markets, Money market, Banks and NBFIs,
Mutual funds, Regulation of financial markets, Globalization of markets, Financial development and
economic development
Unit II: Investment theory and portfolio analysis
Discounting and present value and future value of an asset, Bond prices and yields, Term structure of interest
rates, Yield curves, spot rates and forward rates.
Types of risk, Measurement of risk and return of an asset, portfolio, and measurement of risk and return of
portfolio, determinant of beta, risk return tradeoff, security market line, CAPM, Use of CAPM in investment
analysis and as a pricing formula
Unit III: Capital Market
Capital market, Primary and Secondary market, Equity, Debentures, Bonds and Derivatives, Valuation of
securities. Futures and Options, Call and Put Options, Put Call Parity, Factors affecting options prices.
Unit IV: Capital Flows and Foreign Exchange Market
Capital flows and Foreign Investment: Foreign Direct Investment, Foreign Portfolio Investment, External
Commercial Borrowings. International liquidity
Foreign Exchange market, Factors affecting Exchange Rate, Exchange rate fluctuations and Hedging,
forward hedges, money market hedges and hedging with swaps.
Suggested Readings:
L. M. Bhole and J. Mahukud, Financial Institutions and Markets, Tata McGraw Hill, 5th edition, 2011.
Hull, John C., Options, Futures and Other Derivatives, Pearson Education, 6th edition, 2005.
David G. Luenberger, Investment Science, Oxford University Press, USA, 1997.
Thomas E. Copeland, J. Fred Weston and Kuldeep Shastri, Financial Theory and Corporate Policy, Prentice Hall, 4th
edition, 2003.
Richard A. Brealey and Stewart C. Myers, Principles of Corporate Finance, McGraw Hill, 7th edition, 2002.
Stephen A. Ross, Randolph W. Westerfield and Bradford D. Jordan, Fundamentals of Corporate Finance. McGraw-Hill,
7th edition, 2005.
30
BA ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-VII, Paper: XVIII-B (For Major 1 Course)
Agriculture Economics
Course Code: ECO- 705B Credit: 4 (T)
Course Outcome: To provide detailed understanding regarding the issues in agricultural economics to those
intending to specialize in this area. To familiarize students with policy issues that is relevant to agricultural
economics and enables them to analyse these issues.
Unit 1: Agriculture and Economic Development
Nature and Scope of Agricultural Economics, Characteristics of Agriculture. Transformation of Traditional
Agriculture-Schultz and Mellor’s Analysis Agriculture and Dual Models- Fei- Ranis and Arthur Lewis.
Agriculture and Its Contribution- Kuznets’s Formulations, Inter-Regional Disparities in growth of production
and productivity in Indian agriculture.
Unit 2: Agricultural Marketing Structure
Agricultural Marketing, APMC, Marketed and marketable Surplus. Inter- sectoral Terms of Trade and their
impact on agriculture. Agricultural Price Policy in India, Role of Subsidies, Cobweb theorem, food security.
Unit 3: Agriculture Labour and Finance
Problems of Agricultural Labour, Rural Wage differentials, Rural Indebtedness, Crop insurance. Sources of
Agricultural finance: Capital formation in India, Public and Private Investment.
Unit 4: Issues in India’s Agricultural Development
Land Reforms, Food Security and PDS, Agricultural production function, farm size, Irrigation.
Diversification of agriculture: plantation and Horticultural Produce, livestock, Poultry and Fishery etc in
India,
Environmental issues in Agriculture: Approaches to Sustainable Agriculture, Green Revolution, Agro-
Climatic Zones and Climate resilient farming methods.
WTO and Agreement on Agriculture, Pattern and composition of change in Exports and imports of
agricultural commodities.
Suggested Readings:
Alag Y.K. Globalisation and Agriculture Crisis in India, Deep and Deep Publications
Bilgrami S. A.R. An Introduction to Agricultural Economics, Himalaya Publishing House
Kumar. Sanjeev. Crop Diversification and Food Security in India, Mittal Publications
Kumar Sanjeev. The State of Indian Agriculture, Sage publications.
Lekhi R.K., & Joginder Singh, Agricultural Economics, Kalyani Publishers
Meier Gerald M. Leading Issues in Economic Development, Oxford University Press
Mellor, John, Agricultural Development and Economic Transformation, Palgrave Macmillan
Misra Roli. Agricultural Growth and Terms of Trade in India Since 1951, Kunal Books
Sadhu A.N and Singh Amarjit, Fundamentals of Agricultural Economics, Himalaya Publication House
31
BA ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-VII, Paper: XVIII C (For Major 1 Course)
Labour Economics
Course Code: ECO-705C Credit: 4 (T)
Course Outcomes- The objective of this course is to introduce students to the economic analysis of the labor
market. Acquaint students with the contribution of labor in the process of capitalist development. Develop
understanding of students to the determinants of observed structure of wages and employment. Exposing
students to diverse labor relations with respect to its demand and supply.
Unit I Introduction to Labor Economics- Basic definitions, meaning and concept of labor, characteristics
of Indian labor; Labor Market- structure and problems of Indian labor market, labor market regulations,
Labor market equilibrium, Monopsony, Demand and Supply of labor, Labor force participation rate.
Unit II Wage Differentials and Wage structure- wage determination theories, wage differentials
standardization, minimum wages Act, and national wage policy.
Unit III Industrial Relations and Trade Unionism- recruitment of workers, Industrial disputes and
establishment of peace, settlement of disputes, collective bargaining, participation in management; Trade
Union- theories, objectives and functions, trade union movement in India.
Unit IV Labor Welfare and Contemporary Issues- Labor welfare measures in India, Social Security in
India, Labor market failure, working poverty, skill deficit in India, rural labor, child and women labor in
India, ILO.
Suggested Readings-
Labor Economics: theory, institutional and pub. policy, by Ray Marshall
Labor Economics: by Sinha and Sinha
Labor Economics and Social welfare: by Dr. BP Tyagi and Dr. HP Singh
Labor Economics and Labor Problems: by MV Joshi
Web References
http://heecontent.upsdc.gov.in/ https://epgp.inflibnet.ac.in/
https://www.coursera.org
32
BA ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-VIII, Paper: XIX (For Major 1 Course)
Research Methodology
Course Code: ECO- 801 Credit: 4 (T)
Course Outcome: This paper helps students to understand the research methodology such as how to
develop a research design framework for economic research, types and sources of data collection, and
how to write dissertation and reports of research findings.
Unit I: Introduction to Research
Introduction to Research, Need, Meaning, Objectives, Motivation, Concept of Theory, Research Methods vs
Methodology, Research Design, Descriptive vs Analytical, Applied vs Fundamental, Quantitative vs
Qualitative.
Unit II- Review of Literature and Research Data
Review of Literature, Sources of data, identifying research gap, Formulation of research problem,
Development of working hypothesis, Data collection, and Primary vs Secondary data
Unit III- Data Analysis
Statistical Analysis, Sampling, Correlation and Regression analysis, Analysis of Variance, Time Series
Analysis, Graphical presentation, Use of MS Excel for data analysis, and Statistical inference.
Unit IV: Report Writing
Research reports- Structure and Components of Scientific Reports, Layout, Structure and Language of
Typical Reports- Illustration and Tables, Bibliography, Referencing and footnotes, Safeguard against
Plagiarism.
Suggested Reading
Kothari C.R, (1988) Research Methodology Method and Techniques, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi.
Kumar, R. (2018). Research methodology: A step-by-step guide forbeginners. Research methodology, 1-528.
Goode William J. and Hatt, Paul, Methods in Social Research, McGraw Hill, New York.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2017). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods
approaches. Sage publications.
Gupta S.P (1988) –Statistical Methods- Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi.
Gupta, S. C. (1993), Fundamentals of Applied Statistics, S. Chand & Sons, New Delhi.
33
BA ECONOMICS
SEMESTER- VIII, (For Major 1 Course)
Major Research Project
Course Objective: The objective of the course is to make the students learn the skills of formulation of
research problem, objectives, hypotheses and also the skills of data collection, analysis and interpretation.
This course is directly related to Ability Enhancement of students.
General Outlines:
1. Each student should be assigned a project supervisor from the faculty members of the concerned centre.
2. The topic of project report should be decided by the supervisor taking into account the area of interest of the
student. As far as possible the topic should address the current issues / developments in the field of
Economics.
3. Standard norms for the preparation of a research project report may be followed introduction, brief
background, relevance of the topic, literature review, problem statement, objectives, hypotheses,
sample design, data nature and sources, tools andtechniques of data collection, data presentation,
analysis, and interpretation, findings and conclusion.
4. The Dissertation outcomes may be reported in the following form: Chapter-1: Introduction & Review of
Literature; Chapter-2: Research Methodology; Chapter-3: Conceptual & Theoretical Description;
Chapter-4: Analysis and Interpretations; Chapter-5: Conclusion, Suggestions & Scope for further
research; References, Annexure, etc.
5. The Dissertation outcomes should be evaluated both in the form of reports and viva- voce examination
by a duly constituted committee by the appropriate authority.
6.
34
BA ECONOMICS
FINANCIAL LITERACY AND BANKING
Course Code: ECO-101 CC1 Credit: 4 (T)
Course Objective: The course is designed to inculcate the values of financial literacy and banking in
the 21st century, which are an utmost need of the hour to overcome various challenges. To make the
students aware of the benefits of financial planning through financialliteracy and banking.
Unit: I
Basics of Savings and Investment: Why are investing and savings important? Savings Vs Investment,
Power of Compounding, What should be the investment objectives? Risk and

Schemes Government Schemes-National Saving Certificates, Public Provident Fund, Post Office
Schemes, Equity Linked Savings Schemes, Retirement Benefits Schemes- NPS (NewPension System)
Unit:-II
Banking Activities: Deposits and Types of Deposits-Saving Bank Accounts, Fixed Deposit Accounts,
Recurring Deposit Account, Special Term Deposit Schemes, Loans and Types of loan advanced by
Banks and Other secondary functions of Bank. Banking structure in India and Role of Reserve Bank of
India
Unit: III
Financial Markets: Capital Market Vs Money Market, Securities and its types, i.e., Equity, Debentures
or Bonds, IPOs and FPOs, Mutual Funds, Types of Mutual Funds, Brokers, sub- brokers, Process for
becoming a capital market investor
Unit: IV
Protection Related products: Insurance Policies, Life Insurance, Term Life Insurance, Endowment
Policies, Pension Policies, ULIP, Health Insurance and its Plans, Understanding of Ponzi Schemes
Output: It will make a more responsible individual with a disciplined approach to money and helps
people from overspending and inculcates a habit of savings andinvestments.
Text Books and Suggested Readings:
Investment Planning by SEBI

Indian financial System, by T. R. Jain and R. L .Sharma, VK Global Publisher
Money and Banking by T. R. Jain and R. K. Kaundal, VK Global Publisher
Web References
https://udrc.lkouniv.ac.in/Department/DepartmentDetail/StudyMaterial?dept=5 https://www.coursera.org/in
35
BA ECONOMICS
SEMESTER- II, Paper: I (For VC1)

Basics of Financial Market
Course Code: ECO-201 VC1 Credit: 4 (T) Course
Objective: This paper intends to build up the four primary skills in students in the academic as well as
in the wider domains of use like public offices. The books recommended only provide guidelines for what
to teach, and the list is in no way exhaustive. Teachers must be free and resourceful enough to collect
teaching materials on their own, and even use newspaper clippings as teaching materials.
Unit I: Basics of Financial Markets
Introduction to Financial Markets: Financial Assets and Non-Financial Assets, Types of Financial Assets,
Portfolio, Financial System in India, Role of Intermediaries, Types of Risk, Concept of Risk and Return
Unit II: Money Market
Organized VS. Unorganized Markets, RBI, Banks and NBFIs, Types of NBFIs, Systemically Important
NBFIs, RBI, Life and General Insurance, Risk and Insurance, IRDA, Pension Funds ,
Unit III : Capital Market: Primary and Secondary market, Equity, Bonds and Debentures, Derivatives,
Mutual funds, Types, SEBI, Trading, Rules and regulations for Demat Accounts, Mutual funds - Types,
Valuation, KYC
Unit IV: Foreign Exchange Market
Structure and Importance, Determinants of Foreign Exchange Rate, Spot, Forward and Futures Exchange
Rate, Arbitrage, Capital Flows, FDI and FII, International Monetary Institutions.
Suggested Readings
Pathak, Bharati V. The Indian Financial Markets Institutions and Services 2014
L. M. Bhole and J. Mahukud, Financial Institutions and Markets, Tata McGraw Hill, 5th edition, 2011.
Hull, John C., Options, Futures and Other Derivatives, Pearson Education, 6th edition, 2005.
David G. Luenberger, Investment Science, Oxford University Press, USA, 1997.
Thomas E. Copeland, J. Fred Weston and Kuldeep Shastri, Financial Theory and Corporate Policy, Prentice Hall, 4th
edition, 2003.
Richard A. Brealey and Stewart C. Myers, Principles of Corporate Finance, McGraw Hill, 7th edition, 2002.
Stephen A. Ross, Randolph W. Westerfield and Bradford D. Jordan, Fundamentals of Corporate Finance McGraw-Hill,
7th edition, 2005.
Web Readings
36
BA ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-III, Paper: I (For CC2)
Issues in Environmental Economics
Course Code: ECO-301 CC2 Credit: 4 (T)
Course Outcomes: The management and conservation of the natural resources and the orientation of
technological and institutional change in order to ensure the attainment and continued satisfaction of human
needs for present and future generations. These types of sustainable development practices conserve land,
water, plant and animal genetic resources. It is also environmentally non-degrading, technically appropriate,
economically viable and socially acceptable.” (Food and Agricultural Organization)
Unit I
Environmental Economics: Meaning and Definition, Components of Environment, Sustainable Development,
Measurement of Sustainable Development, Climate change: Meaning, Causes, Seasonal change. Impact on
Indian Agriculture, Land use, Crop cycle, Agriculture Production, Agriculture productivity, Agriculture
producers, Consumers, Change in consumption pattern, food security, Mitigating Hunger, Green Revolution
and climate change, Agro-Climatic Zones and trends of climatic variables in India
Unit II
Studying human-nature interactions and recent trends; Geography, Ecology and Cultures. Monsoon, river
systems and oceans, Water; Dams, Displacement, Pollution, Degradation, Environment as global concern:
Climate change and global efforts.
Unit –III
Forests; Human-wildlife conflict, threat to Bio-diversity, movements. Alternative visions: solar and wind
energy. Industrial Disasters, Environment and Health, Poverty and Environment
Unit –IV
Environmental Issues: Global warming. Green house effect, Acid rain, Biodiversity Preservation, Chipko
Movement, Narmada Bachavo Movement.
Essential Readings
Agarwal Anil and S. Narain, eds. The Fifth Citizen’s Report on the Environment in India Delhi: Centre for Science and
Environment, 1999.
Agarwal Anil and S. Narain, eds. The Second Citizen’s Report on the Environment in India, 1984-85. Delhi: Centre for
Science and Environment, 1985.
Agarwal, Anil, et al, eds. The First Citizens’ Report on the Environment in India. Delhi: Centre for Science and
Environment, 1982.
Divya bhanusinh. The End of a Trail: History of Cheetah in India. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 1990.
Gadgil Madhav& amp; Ramachandra Guha. This Fissured Land: An Ecological History of India. New Delhi: Oxford
University Press, 1992.
Grove, Richard, Vinita Damodaran and Satpal Sangwan, eds. Nature and the Orient: The Environmental History of
South and Southeast Asia. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2000.
Guha R. Environmentalism: A Global History. New Delhi: Oxford University Press,2001.
Kumar Sanjeev, The State of Indian Agriculture: Agricultural Productivity, Food Security and Climate Change: Sage,
2020.
Lahiri Nayanjot. ed. The Decline and fall of the Indus Civilization. Ranikhet: Permanent Black, 2002.
37
BA ECONOMICS
SEMESTER-IV, Paper: I (For VC2)
Basics of Business Analytics and Computer Application
Course Code: ECO- 401 VC2 Credit: 4 (T) Course
Course Outcomes: In the present era of information society, information is one of the major driving forces
for social, economic, political and cultural development of a country.. The knowledge of tools and
techniques of data collection, data presentation and data analysis by using the spread sheet package is high in
demand in almost all the sectors of economy.
Unit 1: Basics of Computer
Introduction to Computation and Computers. Components of computer. Types of memory. Types of computers.
Software and Hardware. Introduction To Input Devices - Input devices (keyboard, MICR, OCR, OMR)- Graphic
input devices (Mouse, Graphic Tablet, Joystick), output devices (Printers - Impact & non-impact printer).
Introduction to Software: classification of software. Evolution of operating systems. Functions of operating
systems. Types of operating systems
Unit 2: Basics of MS Office
MS-Word: Introduction to MS-Word and its use. Creating, editing and saving documents and reports. Formatting
features of word processing. Spacing, font change, insertion of smart art, chart, pictures in documents. Working
with tables and graphs. Preview and printing documents. Powerpoint: Introduction and use of powerpoint.
Creation of slideshow, Preparing slideshows, Editing and Saving slide shows. Templates- Animations – Builtin
presentations - Customised presentations.
Unit 2: Presentation of Data in MS-Excel
Inserting Data into columns. Overview of Description Statistics (Central Tendency, Variability), Data
Visualization -Definition, Visualization Techniques. Conditional Formatting. Number Formatting. Table
Formatting. Protecting Sheets & Files. Understanding Various Excel Window Techniques. Viewing Excel
Spreadsheet in various Layouts. Advanced Printing Techniques. Templates – Themes; Data Analysis Tools. Data
Consolidation - Text to Columns - Flash Fill - Remove Duplicates - Advanced Data Validation Techniques. What-
if Analysis. Goal Seek - Data Table - Solver – Scenarios; Working with Tables. Creating Charts. Understanding
Sparklines (Line, Column, and Win/Loss). Pivot Tables & Pivot Charts.
Unit 4: Functions and Formulae in MS-Excel
Understanding Screen Layout - Creating Auto List & Custom List - Entering, Selecting and Editing Data -
Understanding References (Relative, Absolute & Mixed). Working on Various Functions & Formulas - Common
Basic Functions. Logical Functions. Text Functions. Date & Time Functions. Lookup & Reference Functions.
Mathematical Functions. Conditional Functions. Referring Data from Different Worksheet & Workbook Formula.
Auditing. Various Calculation Techniques - Working on Ranges.
Textbooks
1. Excel Bible: John Walkenbach, Wiley.
2. Excel Data Analysis - Modeling and Simulation: Hector Guerrero, Springer.
3. Excel Functions and Formulas: Bernd Held, BPB Publications.
4. Microsoft Excel : Data Analysis and Business Modeling: Winston, PH
38
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DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS

UNIVERSITY OF LUCKNOW, LUCKNOW

BA ECONOMICS under NEP

Name of Faculty ARTS

Programme Name BA in ECONOMICS under NEP

Effective from: JULY- 2024

Graduation Honours with

SEMESTER-I, Paper-I (For Minor Course)

Unit I Agriculture and Rural Development

Unit II: Industry

Unit III: Services

Unit IV: U.P. Economy

Unit I Agriculture and Rural Development

Unit II: Industry

Unit III: Services

Unit IV: U.P. Economy

SEMESTER-III, Paper-V (For Major 1 and Major 2 Courses)

Unit II: Cost of Pollution

Unit III: Current Environmental Issues

Unit IV: Sustainable Development and Climate

SEMESTER-V, Paper-IX (For Major 1 and Major 2 Courses)

Money and Banking

SEMESTER-V, Paper-X (For Major 1 and Major 2 Courses)

Course Code: ECO-502 Credit: 4 (T)

Unit II: Neo Malthusian Economic Thought

Unit III: Debate on Methods of Economic Analysis

Unit IV: Indian Economic Thought

Unit I: Role of Infrastructure in Economic Development Infrastructure

Unit I: Matrices & Determinants

Unit II: Coordinate Geometry & Trigonometry

Unit III: Function and Derivatives

Unit IV: Integration

Unit I: Introduction to Industrial Economics

Unit II: Location and Regional Development of Industry

Unit III: Industrial Structure and Labour

Alternative Patterns of Industrialization - Hoffman’s hypothesis of capitalistic economies – Simon Kuznet’s

Unit IV: Project Appraisal and Industrial Finance

Unit I: Probability Distribution

Unit II: Simple Linear Regression Model

Unit III: Violation of the CLRM Assumptions:

Unit IV: Multiple Linear Regression Model

Agarwal A. N and M.K. Indian Economy, New Age Publications

Unit I: Introduction to Financial Economics

FINANCIAL LITERACY AND BANKING

Course Code: ECO-101 CC1 Credit: 4 (T)

Power of Compounding, What should be the investment objectives? Risk and

Text Books and Suggested Readings:

Investment Planning by SEBI

SEMESTER- II, Paper: I (For VC1)

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