Safety in the carpentry shop is everybody's concern.

Hand tools, power tools and machinery are helpful

in accurately doing our task in the fastest way possible. But you need to acquire specific knowledge and
skills in handling both tools and machinery. An error in handling tools and machinery can damage the
equipment and can cause fatal injuries to the operator and the people around.

1.1 General safety in the carpentry shop

 Inform the teacher when injuries happen in the workshop no matter how small it may be.
 Report to the teacher any risky and hazardous condition in the shop such as damaged tools,
equipment and machinery.
 Avoid rough play in the shop. It is very dangerous to yourself and the people who are working in
the shop.
 Talking with the operator of a machine is strictly not allowed.
 Tools should be returned to the tool area after using. Unattended tools at the edge of a working
table may cause accident.
 Clean the shop before performing a task. In doing so you are protecting yourself from possible
danger. Cleaning the shop after using protects the next user from untoward accident.
 Avoid loose clothing and accessories such as bracelet and necklace when you operate the
machine.
 Long hair is not advisable when you operate a machine.

1.2 Hand tool safety

 The tools should be returned to the tool area and to their respective tools’ cabinet.
 Use a vise while cutting, chiselling and gouging to prevent an accident.
 In using a screwdriver always protect yourself by putting the wood on the working table using a
vise grip. The tool would easily slip that would injure the user.
 After sharpening the hand tools, test the sharpness at the edge of the wood not on your
fingernail.
 Use tools with appropriate handles; tools without any handle have sharp edges. They can injure
the user.
 When using sharp-edged tools, use both hands, if possible. The direction of cutting must be
away from your body to prevent accident.
 To start a cut, guide the saw with your thumb high enough to prevent a cut from the teeth of
the saw.

1.3 Power machine safety

 Read and understand the safety operating manual in every power tool and machine.
 Ask the teacher if you have doubts on how to operate the machine.
 Operate a machine with the permission of the teacher.
 Safety goggles are required in operating a machine.
 Clean the machine from any tools, materials and equipment before you operate it.
 Clean the floor of the working area before operating a machine.
 Set-up the machine before you turn it on.
 Turn off the machine after using.
 Clean the machine and the safety zone after the operation.
1.4 Personal protective equipment

Safety Goggles - They protect the eyes from flying debris and harmful
particles of liquids from entering our eyes.

Ear Muff-It is used to protect your ears from the noise due to power
tools.

Dust mask - It is used to protect the carpenter from inhaling dust and
chemical fumes.

Gloves - They protect the hands from injuries with rough materials
while working.

Working Clothes - They protect the carpenter from harmful debris that would
penetrate the body while working. They also protect the clothing of a
carpenter from wear and tear.

Hard Hat - It is used to protect the head of the carpenter from falling
objects in the work place.

Safety Belt - It is a lifesaving safety equipment; it will prevent the

worker from falling when working on elevated platform.

Shoes - They protect the feet of the worker from objects and rough
materials.
 THE COMMON CARPENTRY TOOLS

Guiding and Testing Tools:

1. Straight Edge-A tool used to guide pencils or scriber in marking straight line

2. Square -is a 90-degree standard right-angle tool sometimes called trying square used for
marking and testing work. They are classified as Try. Or trying square, miter square, combined
try and miter square, combined square framing or steel square.

3. Level- used for both guiding and testing the work to a vertical or horizontal position

4. Plastic hose with water- is one the best and accurate tool for guiding work in establishing a
horizontal level.

5. Sliding T-bevel is like a try square with sliding and adjustable blade could be set to any angle
other than 90 degrees

6. Angle divider is a double bevel square used to divide an angle in a complicated work in one
setting.

7. Miter box-is a device used as guide of the hand sang in cutting objects to form a miter joint.

8. Plumb bob - is a metal tool used to check or obtain a vertical line. The word plumb means
perpendicular to a horizontal line.

Marking Tools:

1. Chalk line and reel- is used for marking a very rough work

2. Lead pencil-with round head is also used for marking rough work.

3. Scratch awl--is used for marking a semi-rough work.

4. Scriber is used for marking fine work. It is made of hard-end steel with a sharp point designed to
mark fine lines.

5. Compass - a tool used to inscribe an arc or circle.

6. Divider is used in dividing distances into equal parts, such as an arc and circumference including
straight lines.

Measuring tools or "Rule":

1. Two-foot four folding rule-used in measuring short distances

2. Extension rule is used for measuring inside distances such as doors windows, cabinets, etc.
3. Zigzag rule-is available in 4 feet and 6 feet long commonly used by carpenters for rough layout.

4. Push-pull tape is used to measure longer distances available from one meter to 50 meters long.

5. Slide caliper rule is a special tool used to measure outside diameter of cylindrical objects.

6. Marking gauge is a tool most appropriate in making lines parallel with the edges of the wood.

Holding Tools:

1. Horse or trestle-used to support or sustain the working operation such as sawing. chiseling and
planning.

2. Clamps-used in tightly pressing piece of wood or metal together in making tenon, mortise and
other joints.

3. Vise-is a table tool used to hold a piece of material rigidly secured in place to absorb severe
blows.

Toothed Cutting tools:

1. Saws-the most important of the toothed cutting tools.

a. hand saw

b. circular saw

c. band sav

Classification of saw with respect to its cut:

a. Cross cut saw-used to cut across the grain of the wood

b. Rip cut saw-used to cut along the grain of the wood.

c. Combined rip and cross cut

2. Files are metal tools of different shapes and sizes used for abrading. reducing or smooth cutting
metal, wood, or other materials. A rasp file - are very coarse files and differs from the ordinary file
with the teeth consisting of projecting points instead of V-shaped projections extending across the
face of the file.
 Sharp-edged Cutting Tools:

1. Chisel

a. Paring Chisel - is a light duty tool used to plane long surfaces parallel with the grain of wood.

b. Firming chisel - a heavy duty tool adopted to withstand severe strain in framing work and
where deep cuts are necessary.

c. Slick- any chisel having a blade wider than 2 inches. The regular sizes a 21/2.3 and 4 nches. It
is used on large surface whether larger materials to be taken off or where unusual power is
required.

d. Gouge - is a chisel with a hollow shaped blade for scooping or cutting round holes

Smooth Facing Tools:

1. Spoke shave

2. Planes

a. Jack plane

b. Fore plane

c. Trying Plane

d. Jointer plane

e Smooth plane

f. Block plane

g. Molding and special plane

Boring Tools

1. Brad awl is a small tool used for punching or piecing small holes. It is generally used starting a
nail or screw into hard wood.
2. Gimlet is a tool used for boring holes by hand pressure classified as: twist and plain.
3. Auger is used for boring holes with a diameter ranging from ½ to 2 inches. Auger that are
provided with a shank are commonly called "bits".
4. Twist drill-is used for drilling small holes.
5. Hollow Auger- is used for external boring or turning.
6. Spoke Pointer-cuts a conical hole.
7. Counter Sink- used for enlarging a conical hole at the surface of the wood.
Fastening Tools:

1. Claw hammer
2. Wrenches
3. Grew drivers

Sharpening Tools:

1. Grind Stone - is a flat disc solid stone usually made of sandstone mounted on a shaft used for
sharpening, shaping or polishing metal by turning

2. Oil Stone-is used after the grinding operation to achieve a smooth and edge of the tools Oil is used as
a lubricating medium.

Machines and other Equipment

1. Circular Saw - is a steel disc provided with teeth designed to revolve on a shaft at high speed.

2. Radial Arm Saw is a power-driven rotary cutting tool.

3. Portable Electric Saw – a power driven rotary cutting tool provided with toothed circular blade.

4. Portable Electric Drill-is a motorized rotary driving tool. Used as driving unit for sanding, polishing, and
grinding as well as for circular and jigsaws. It is also used for drilling or boring holes.

5. Drill Press-power driven rotary tool used for driving drill bits, plug cutters, and many auxiliary
attachments

6. Portable Electric Saber Saw- is classified as a power-driven reciprocating cutting tool.

7. Band Saw-is a power driven endless toothed hand cutting tool.

8. Single Surface Planer-is a power-driven rotating edge cutting tool.

9. Portable Sanders-is a power-driven abrading tool 10. Portable Hand Router - is a power-driven rotary
shaping tool used to cut moldings, rout cut grains inlay and cut dovetails. sanding or polishing.

11 Wood Lathe-used to rotate the material for shaping

a. Gouge-is used in roughing out cylinders and in turning concave surfaces on spindles. The blade is
concave-convex in cross section with a rounded beveled cutting edge. The common sizes are 10 mm, 12
mm and 20 min.

b. Skew chisel - is a flat turning chisel used in smoothing cylinders, rounding edges and in making V and
shoulder cuts. It can be used for shearing or scraping wood. The common sizes are 6 mm, 12 min, and
25mm.
c. The round nose - is a flat scraping chisel used in roughing and shaping concave surfaces. The end is
rounded with a single bevel of about 30 degrees. The common sizes are 3 mm, 6 mm, 12 mm and 25
mm.

d. Square nose - is a flat scraping chisel used to make flat straight cuts. It appears like standard wood
chisel in shape but has a thicker and longer blade. The end is square and has a single bevel. point

Diamond point - is a flat scraping chisel used to make V cuts. The cutting-edge s beveled at 30 degrees.
The common sizes are 12 mm, and 25 mm.

f. Parting tool - is a scraping chisel used to make deep narrow cuts and deep cuts for sizing when shaping
profiles. The cornmon sizes are: 3mm and 5 mm