Gabba The Story Continues

Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 12

STEEL

Structural
Casebook Issue number 17
October 2000

“Gabba”...the story continues


Extensive Fire Engineering research therefore added to the Eastern and Western Stands
(and the later Stage 5 Southern Stand). Stage 4 planning
support has provided a cost effective, safe
requirements necessitated that the Eastern Stand
solution for the redevelopment of the encroach on the adjacent school ground. The consequent
Brisbane Cricket Ground, utilising an negotiated design reduced the extent of this
unprotected steel frame. encroachment, and land rights were transferred to the
Brisbane Cricket Ground Trust in exchange for financial
The transition is almost complete. Following on from compensation.
the construction of the multi-award winning Northern The 18 bay Eastern Stand has 4 levels, similar to
Stand in 1995, the Brisbane Cricket Ground has the Northern Stand:
undergone two further stages of construction with the • L1 - food and beverage store rooms
completion of the Eastern and Western Stands (Stage 4) • L2 - public entry, concourse and corporate entries
and the Southern Stand (Stage 5) in late 1999. Presently • L3 - corporate suites and function rooms
undergoing Olympic overlay works, the 37,000 seat • L4 - public concourse that services the upper tier.
world class stadium is being readied to host the Construction of the Eastern Stand necessitated the
Olympic Football (soccer) tournament. relocation of the Queensland Cricketers Club to the
Northern Stand Level 3 function areas, after suitable
refurbishment.
Architecture The stage 4, 5 bay Western Stand is similar to the
The masterplan undertaken in 1993 by Daryl Jackson Eastern Stand, but includes ground maintenance facilities
Pty Ltd, in association with the International Facility within Level 1, and the relocated Hill scoreboard.
Corporation, recommended that the design should: The nomination of the Brisbane Cricket Ground,
• Have a structure that was incrementally expandable or the Gabba as it is widely known, by the Queensland
• Be related to the Queensland ambience Government as the venue for the Olympic 2000 soccer
• Have a ground capacity of 35,000. matches was the catalyst for development of the next
The progressive development of the ground and the stage of construction. Stage 5 incorporates a 15 bay
continued involvement of the architect from masterplan Southern Stand extending from the end of the 5 bay
stage through to its present highly acclaimed state, Western Stand to the western end of the existing Lions
demonstrates how successfully the architects have met Social Club. This stage required the removal of the
the original brief. famous (infamous?) Hill, an area much loved by the
To suit the revised master planning requirements, populist poet Rupert McCall in his heyday. The Clem
a decision was taken during the early construction stages Jones Stand was demolished and the Hill scoreboard
of the Eastern Stand to remove the light tower and relocated to the Western Stand. According to architect
increase the capacity of the ground. A mid tier level was Gary Carter of Daryl Jackson Pty Ltd, the ability to
relocate the large scoreboard into the Western Stand
construction without compromising the construction
timetable is testimony to the flexibility of steel framing.

Stage 5, 15 bay Southern Stand:


• L1 - Lions and visiting team change rooms and
warm up areas
• L 2 - public entry and concourse, Lion’s Football
Department, sports medicine clinic with indoor pool
• L 3 - corporate suites and large function room
• L4 - public concourse and upper tier circulation
• L5 - Lion’s AFL Club offices.
The ground operated very successfully at full capacity
for the recent Australia versus Pakistan one-day cricket
match. Gary believes that the use of structural steel as the
main framing material has contributed to the success
of the project. He is particularly pleased that the
architectural vision for a light visual frame has been The Gabba played host to the recent
so gracefully achieved in the difficult cantilever Australia v Pakistan one-day match.
structures over Stanley Street.

Description No. of General Corporate Corporate Total No. of Total Av. Cost Steel
Bays Seating Suites Boxes Seating Seating Cost per Seat Tonnage
(12p) (8-10p) Tiers ($M) ($)
Stage 3 - Northern Stand
(built 1995) 15 9,132 19 27 9592 2 36.8 38361 450
Stage 4 - Eastern Stand 18 13,144 39 0 13612 2&3 35.7 2170 559
Stage 4 - Western Stand 5 2,445 11 30 2835 3 combined combined 201
Stage 5 - Southern Stand 15 10,455 20 31 10961 3 41.5 37861 660
TOTAL 53 37,000 Total Seating $114M 1870T
Stages 3-5 Stages 3-5
Note 1: The cost per seat for Stages 3 & 5 is significantly higher than Stage 4 due to extensive basement construction works.
Structure & Construction • Maintained the majority of structural works being
prefabricated off site, thereby eliminating congested
Watpac Australia Pty Ltd (Watpac), having built the storage of material on what was an extremely tight site.
existing Northern Stand in 1995, successfully tendered • Enabled pre-finished structural and architectural
for the following Stage 4 contract and were appointed as elements to be combined and erected in single phases,
Managing Contractors for the works. This comprised the which proved to be time effective. This also enabled
18 bay Eastern Stand and the 5 bay Western Stand, with immediate flow of subtrades to pre-finished areas.
the developed design forming the basis of the scope of “This last point was of particular benefit when
work. The Eastern Stand was completed in March 1999, constructing the majority of works over Stanley and
one month earlier than scheduled, and the Western Stand Vulture Streets where access and traffic restrictions meant
was delivered on time for match use in May 1999. Watpac that speed of construction was paramount,” Gary said.
were again successful tenderers and were appointed “The use of structural steel as the major building
by the Trust to manage the design, documentation and element was further supported by the introduction of the
construction of Stage 5 for agreed fees, preliminaries and project specific Fire Engineering Design Brief (FEDB),”
margin. The design consultants were novated to Watpac. he said.
A Guaranteed Maximum Contract Sum was developed “The introduction of this brief enabled the level of fire
and agreed, and a share of savings arrangement risks to be established based on the nature of occupancy
implemented. and building classification class. The FEDB provided
Structural steel was used extensively throughout all economical design solutions which were carried
stages of construction as the basic structural framework throughout the design process and further encouraged
to support the seating, concourse and back of house the extensive use of structural steel as the primary
amenity areas. The innovative design of the initial framework without further fire protective site treatment.”
elliptical grid for the master plan by Daryl Jackson Design and construction challenges posed by the
Architects required economical design solutions. land-locked nature of the site to the north were overcome
Watpac, in conjunction with structural engineers Robert previously by cantilevering the existing Northern Stand
Bird & Partners and with input from OneSteel (formerly over busy Vulture Street. The new Southern Stand posed
BHP Steel), decided upon structural steel to provide an even greater challenge due to the need to cantilever
these solutions. 13m over the four-lane Stanley Street. Consulting civil
According to Watpac Design Manager, Gary Gisik, and structural engineers for Stages 4 and 5, Robert Bird
structural steel not only provided an innovative design & Partners Pty Ltd, recreated the structural framing
solution for the primary structure, but also delivered solution they adopted on the previous Northern Stand.
the following additional benefits: The system was modified to accommodate new design
• Enhanced the architectural intent developed by the features such as an additional tier to the Western and
architect’s master plan. Southern Stands and part of the Eastern Stand, the
• Provided cost effective design solutions to support relocation of the Hill Scoreboard to the Western Stand
seating plats and large spans for suspended concourse and the dramatic cantilevering of the Southern Stand
areas. over Stanley Street.

The distinctive steel signature of the Southern Stand.


Typical Steel Framing Western Stand
Similar to Eastern Stand Grid 25-34.
Eastern Stand, Grid 16-24
(Structure is similar to the existing Northern Stand) Southern Stand, Grid 43-51
• Upper Tier Raking Girder: 800WB122 - interior span • Upper Tier Raking Girder: 800WB146 - interior span
of 8m with a 5m cantilever towards the playing field of 9.5m with a 4m cantilever towards the playing field
and a 4.5m cantilever at the rear of the stand. and a 4.5m cantilever at the rear of the stand.
• Lower Tier Raking Girder: 700WB115 – continuous • Middle Tier Girder: Fabricated girder, 12 thick web
over two spans of 8m each. varies 980 to 415mm deep, 400x36 flanges – cantilevers
• Back-of-House Floors: 700WB115 with 20 Flange 4.7m towards the playing field and has a 2.2m backspan.
Plates – continuous over two spans of 8m and 6m. • Back-of-House Floors: 700WB115.

Eastern Stand, Grid 25-34 Southern Stand, Grid 52-58


• Upper Tier Raking Girder: similar to Grid 16-24. Similar to Eastern Stand Grid 25-34.
• Middle Tier Girder: Fabricated girder, 12 thick web
varies 980 to 415mm deep, 400x36 flanges – cantilevers
6m towards the playing field and has a 2.5m backspan.
• Back-of-House Floors: Similar to Grid 16-24.

Eastern Stand section - Bay 26.


Open for business. The redevelopment of the Gabba is almost complete.
The raking girders and steel beams are supported on
steel columns comprising circular hollow sections and
universal columns. Precast pre-tensioned concrete seating
plats span distances of 8m to 11m between the raking
steel girders. The horizontal floors (Levels 3 and 4)
beneath the seating tiers comprise 250mm and 300mm
thick precast concrete hollow-core panels, also spanning
8 to 11m, and topped with 75mm thick concrete.
The roof is supported by steel trusses that span 11m
from a main mast support point at the rear of the stand
to a suspension point, and then cantilever a further 11m
towards the playing field. The mast and stay assembly
efficiently redistributes the cantilever roof loads into
the main building frame.
An interesting feature of the truss is the use of the
460UB67 top chord with the web horizontal to act as a
gutter to take stormwater run-off from the fabric roof.
These gutters in turn are drained by a siphonic roof
drainage system, which discharges into an
underground pipe.

Fire Engineering
Existing Northern Stand – fire engineering revisited
The existing three storey Northern Stand is not
sprinklered and, under the deemed-to-satisfy require-
ments of the Building Code of Australia (BCA) is
classified as Class 9b and 5, requiring Type A construction
and an FRL of 120 minutes for the structure.
An application was made to the Queensland Building
Tribunal to vary the building regulations to permit the
use of fire engineering analysis and unprotected steel
framing. An analysis of the effects of fire on the structural
steel components (carried out by BHP Research) accom-
panied the application. The analysis considered the effect
of a non-sprinklered 'flashover' fire in various parts of the
building. This was done by using methods that take into
account the fire load appropriate to the particular area,
the ventilation or openings available and the size
of the various enclosures. The presence of ceilings was
recognised and their beneficial effect on reducing steel
temperatures was taken into account.
The BHP report only addressed the issue of structural
adequacy and showed that unprotected steelwork would
perform adequately in fire and could be used in most
locations within the structure. The application was
approved, enabling savings of approximately $0.5M
in the cost of passive fire protection to steelwork.
In summary, the Northern Stand is not sprinklered.
It incorporates a smoke exhaust system in the Level 2
concourse and the structure comprises generally
unprotected steel. A more detailed account of the fire
design is to be found in BHP Structural Steel Casebook
No.13, November 1996. Following on from the experience
of the Gabba Northern Stand, and other major stadia,
BHP published “The Design of Sports Stand Buildings
for Fire Safety” [Ref 1].
New Eastern, Western and Southern Stands - Grandstand construction differs from that of a typical
public or office building situation in that it is usually of
fire safety and the things that really matter open layout, has generally low fire loads and is infre-
The proposed encirclement of the Gabba with grand- quently occupied. The risk to life safety and the risk of
stand construction meant that the resultant building was property damage and interruption of operations are
much larger than the existing Northern Stand. This raised minimised if fires are kept small. United States retail
questions about the need for compartmentation and building fire statistics show that the greater the recorded
indeed whether the owners and operators could afford to spread of flame of the fire (which is generally reflective
have a major fire in such a public building. It also raised of the size of fire), the greater the likelihood of death.
questions as to whether a sprinkler system should be Thus sprinklers - which keep the fire small - have a very
incorporated in the buildings, even though the BCA significant positive effect on life safety, greater in fact
deemed-to-satisfy regulations do not specifically than other measures such as structural fire protection
require it. or smoke detection.

Typical steel frame ( Grid 46 ) - Southern Stand.


What other factors are important in keeping the fire Smoke Control
small? It is also known from fire statistics that the Why is the need for smoke control related to the size
majority of fire starts in a building will not develop of a compartment? It is probably related to the number of
further due to self-extinguishment, or early fire fighting people that may have to be evacuated from a certain area
action by the occupants, staff and perhaps the fire within a building. Ref [1] sees that enclosure size is
brigade. It is found that 97 per cent of fires will not important as this better reflects the number of people
become threatening fires - even if the building is not and time that it will take to leave the enclosure. However,
sprinklered. The provision of staff training and occupant smoke control is not seen as necessary unless the plan
fire-fighting facilities will maintain or possibly improve area of the enclosure exceeds 500m2. Otherwise, it is
this high percentage. If sprinklers are incorporated, important that sufficient egress paths from each area or
then the probability of having a threatening fire is enclosure remain tenable for the expected duration of
much less again. evacuation from that area or enclosure. In areas such as
What level of safety is required for these buildings? concourses, this can often be achieved through natural
The safety level associated with a building is a function ventilation. Adequate natural venting is provided in most
of the likelihood of a threatening fire and its consequen- parts of the Level 2 concourse. In the case of Level 3,
ces. How likely is it then, that a threatening fire - defined particular care is required to ensure that a sufficient
as one which is capable of extending beyond the area of number of egress paths can be maintained smoke free as
fire origin - will occur during a major event? This has the occupants seek to evacuate the corporate suites or
been estimated from [1], which for the Gabba construc- function rooms should a fire develop in these areas.
tion gives an average probability of one such fire in every However, the addition of sprinklers to the building can
1700 years. In order to understand the significance of this be assumed to remove the need for any other form of
number, it is useful to hypothetically assume that such smoke control. This assessment is based on the results of
a fire (given no fire prevention measures) could result sprinklered fire tests that show that, given a sprinklered
in up to 50 deaths1 . It is interesting to note that this fire of the type likely to occur in this building, the
assumption results in an average fatality rate per person occupants are very unlikely to be exposed to threatening
per year that is about 100 times less than that associated smoke.
with driving a vehicle on the road - a risk that most of
us are prepared to take.
The above outcome begs the question: should we
design for a threatening fire at all? Ref [1] recommends
that for a non-sprinklered building, the design fires
should be those associated with flashover in any of the
relevant enclosures. This will further improve the level
of safety. If the building is sprinklered, then the level of
safety will be significantly greater, as in this case, the
probability of having a threatening fire is reduced to one
fire in every 85,000 years. In that case, the design fire,
according to [1], can be taken as the sprinklered fire.
The implications of the above deliberations are now
considered specifically in relation to the new Eastern,
Western and Southern Stands.

Fire Walls
From a deemed-to-satisfy regulatory point of view,
firewalls may be introduced to reduce the compartment
size, in order to:
• eliminate the need for sprinklers
• reduce the hydrant capacity required
• eliminate the need for smoke control.
Fire statistics show that compartmentation within
buildings such as these is not effective in preventing the
spread of fire. Perhaps this is because all compartments
have significant openings at their boundaries and these
represent a weakness, or that the fire is so large by the
time the compartment boundaries are reached, that it
cannot be effectively contained. Openings within
firewalls are protected with fire doors, which are
obviously necessary in order to attempt to maintain
compartmentation. However, the presence of these doors
may present a natural obstruction to the occupants who
are trying to evacuate. Thus, from the point of view of
enhancing the likelihood of successful evacuation, fire
doors are not a good idea. Yet a firewall cannot be a
firewall without a fire door! Thus it is argued that such Top: Eastern Stand, L4 transfer beams.
walls will not be generally helpful with respect to the Above: Fire-fighting equipment at the new stand.
evacuation of the occupants.
Hydrant Capacity New Eastern, Western and Southern Stands –
Based on studies reported in “Fire Safety in Shopping the fire-engineered solution
Centres” [Ref 2], it can be inferred that hydrant capacity
sufficient to run two hose streams simultaneously at full A performance-based design was carried out by
capacity will be required to successfully fight a fire that OneSteel in conjunction with Norman Disney & Young,
has spread to several standard corporate suites, or an the project building and fire services consultant. The BHP
equivalent area. Beyond that, additional capacity may publication “Design of Sports Stand Buildings for Fire
be required. Safety” was included in the OneSteel submission. After
The required hydrant capacity as given in AS2419.1 consideration by the consulting team, Watpac, Qld Fire
is related to compartment area. This presupposes two & Rescue Authority and Project Services, the publication
things - that fire size is related to compartment area; and was accepted by the approving authority (Project
that compartmentation is likely to be effective. The latter Services) as the Fire Engineering Design Brief (FEDB) for
assumption has been challenged and the former raises the project. The submission identified the relevant BCA
the question as to how extensive a credible fire could performance requirements and documented how these
become in one of these buildings.2 If it is decided that the requirements were satisfied by the FEDB.
most extensive credible fire in a non-sprinklered building The fire-engineered solution resulted in sprinklered
will not go beyond several corporate suites or an construction utilising an unprotected steel frame, with
equivalent area, then no further capacity is required. a consequent saving in the cost of passive fire protection
If it is decided that a credible fire could extend beyond to the steel frame of approximately $1.3M. By avoiding
such a localised area, then additional hydrant capacity compartmentation of the new construction, the overall
must be provided - although if the fire gets large enough, complex is better integrated, and allows the free
it will be very difficult to fight or control. The addition of movement of people.
sprinklers to the building will allow the hydrant capacity Specifically, the following fire safety features are
to remain at the lower level. significant in the new construction:

Flexibility of Construction (1) Compartmentation


According to [1], if the building is sprinklered, then the • There are no fire walls throughout the building
fire-resistance of the building structure (beams, columns
and floor slabs) is not likely to be an issue and this allows (2) Occupant Avoidance
for a more flexible choice of protection systems for • The buildings are generally open and all enclosures
members (ceilings and column cladding) than would with a plan dimension of greater than 20m have altern-
otherwise be possible. Furthermore, the presence of ative exits, thereby providing adequate care against
sprinklers will obviate the need for any specific exhaust entrapment. Exit spacings and widths throughout the
or venting requirements. Travel distances may also be buildings comply with the deemed-to-satisfy require-
extended, although exit widths should remain the same. ments of the BCA. Travel distances also comply
(although this is not necessary in a sprinklered building).
Sprinkler Protection • An Emergency Warning Information System (EWIS)
It is interesting to note that public buildings such as system is not necessary for these buildings. A public
major stadiums are often sprinklered. This is due to the address system is required however in order to give
desire to minimise the likelihood of having a threatening instructions to the occupants, but any evacuation must
fire, which could have significant political and business be a staged evacuation with appropriate assistance from
implications - due to loss of life or utility. However, the ground staff. In the case of persons with mobility
decision as to whether the building should be sprinklered disabilities, it is reasonably assumed that if they are
must be made by each owner. In this context, sprinklers within the enclosure of fire origin, their evacuation will
should be extra-light hazard and provided in all areas be assisted. Once persons are outside the enclosure of fire
with the exception of toilets, change rooms, gymnasiums origin, there is sufficient natural venting and volume for
and concourses (excluding food and beverage outlets). smoke not to present a threat to occupants.
A booster connection should be provided to allow the
fire brigade to pressure boost the system should this (3) Smoke Control
be necessary. • All areas are sprinklered in accordance with AS2118,
with the exception of concourses, change rooms, toilets
Management Issues and open seating areas. The sprinklers are continued into
The development of management plans for evacuation the existing Northern Stand for a distance of one bay.
and fire fighting is important for these grandstands. • The most potentially critical part of the building with
The management plans should cover such issues as staff respect to smoke logging, and therefore evacuation, is the
training in fire fighting and evacuation and maintenance corporate level, Level 3. This is because of the relatively
of fire fighting equipment. narrow passageways that provide access to, and egress
from, the corporate suites. Based on BHP sprinklered fire
tests, where there has been little shielding and where the
water virtually extinguishes the fire, it is likely that the
1 This is considered to be a high estimate as 56 persons died at smoke associated with such a fire will be sufficiently
Bradford, which had no fire-safety features whatsoever and dilute so as not to present a threat to occupants outside
was constructed in such a way that the fire was able to spread the enclosure of fire origin.
rapidly throughout. • Other than the natural ventilation inherent within
2 A fire may occur at a time when there are no the proposed design, there is no need for other smoke
occupants to detect its presence. exhaust systems (eg. mechanical systems) within the
buildings.
(4) Fire Detection and Suppression
• Activation of sprinklers will result in a signal to the
Fabrication & Erection
FIP panel (and therefore to building management) and Beenleigh Steel Fabrications Pty Ltd fabricated and
to the brigade. No further detection is required. erected all 1,420 tonnes of steel for the project. They also
• Portable fire extinguishers, hose reels and hydrants are erected a total of 2,303 individual precast concrete seating
provided in accordance with [1], and to AS2444, AS2441, plats, floor planks and wall panels. Cranage for the
and AS2419.1 respectively. Eastern Stand comprised three tower cranes and steel
erection proceeded from each end of the stand concur-
(5) Fire Spread and Management rently. One tower crane was used on the Western Stand.
• The fact that the proposed building is sprinklered Cranage for the Southern Stand comprised three tower
means that the likelihood of spread of fire beyond the cranes, which were supplemented by one 70T and one
area or enclosure of fire origin is extremely unlikely. 25T mobile crane and erection proceeded from both ends
Furthermore, the lack of combustible construction and simultaneously. All tower cranes were provided by the
the fact that many parts of the building are naturally builder, Watpac.
divided into many enclosures will provide additional The 28m long roof trusses were transported to site in
resistance to the spread of fire. one length, then the support columns and struts were
• The seating tiers for the proposed building incorporate attached on ground before hoisting into final position.
concrete plats such that the spaces below the seating are
isolated and there is no possibility of accumulated Protective Coating
rubbish being built up. Three different protective coating systems were
• Floor slabs and other concrete members will be adopted, depending on the exposure conditions and the
adequate if an FRL of 60 minutes is achieved. However, accessibility of the steel for future maintenance. The three
in the case of steel beams and columns, maximum systems all had a Class 21/2 abrasive blast clean and were
exposed surface area to mass ratios (ksm) of 30 and painted as follows:
26m2/tonne, for beams and columns respectively,
should not be exceeded. The roof and roof support Type 1: General steelwork, not exposed
structure, being non-combustible, do not require an FRL • Zincanode 402 to 75 microns DFT
in accordance with the concessions provided for open
spectator stands in the BCA. Type 2: Exposed and accessible steelwork
• Amercoat 385 to 125 microns DFT
(6) Management / Operations Issues • Luxathane RT to 50 microns DFT
• The sprinkler system must be properly commissioned,
maintained, and managed. A documented procedure is Type 3: Exposed and less accessible steelwork (eg roof
to be developed to ensure that sprinklers are not isolated structure)
during a major event and that, should the system need to • Zincanode 402 to 75 microns DFT
be isolated, the isolation time will be kept to the absolute • Amercoat 385 to 125 microns DFT
minimum. • Luxathane RT to 50 microns DFT
• Portable extinguishers, hose reels and hydrants must
be routinely maintained, with this activity being system- The BCG Northern Stand is previously described in
atically documented and audited. Procedures and Structural Steel Casebook No.13, Nov ’96, which is
programs are to be subject to audit. available from OneSteel Direct (phone 1800-1-78335).
• Documented action plans must be developed in
conjunction with Queensland Fire & Rescue Authority
to cover the following matters:
• Evacuation of various parts of the building
(eg Level 3) to safer areas should this be required
• Provision of access to various parts of the building
to minimise the time for brigade fire-fighting References
• Evacuation of disabled occupants using lifts, 1. Bennetts, I.D. et alia (1998), Design of Sports Stand
should this be necessary. Buildings for Fire Safety
OneSteel also carried out an audit of the grandstand 2. Bennetts, I.D. et alia (1998), Fire Safety in Shopping
construction to ensure compliance of the construction Centres, Final Research Report Project 6, Fire Code
with the intent of the FEDB. Reform Centre

Grandstand Steelwork (Tonnes) Precast Concrete Erection (No. Items)


Structurals CHS & RHS Floor Planks Seating Plats Wall Panels
& Plate
18 Bays East 418 141 455 763 154
combined combined combined
5 Bays West 161 40
15 Bays South 508 152 403 406 122
Total 1087T 333T
Project Participants
Client: Brisbane Cricket Ground Trust
Project Manager: Project and Development Services Pty Ltd
Document & Construct Contractors: Watpac Australia Pty Ltd
Consulting Architects: Daryl Jackson Pty Ltd
Consulting Engineer -
structural & civil: Robert Bird & Partners Pty Ltd
Building Services Engineer: Norman Disney & Young Pty Ltd
Specialist Fire Engineering: BHP Research (Dr Ian Bennetts)
Hydraulics Engineer Tom Cooper & Associates
Building Authority: Project Services, Dept of Public Works
Steel Fabricator & Erector: Beenleigh Steel Fabrications Pty Ltd
FIRE SAFE Shop Detailers: Tregar Engineering Services (St 4)
Online Drafting Services (St 5)

New Queensland Cricketers Club, Northern Stand

This Casebook is published by OneSteel. The market development initiatives previously undertaken by
BHP Long Products ( now OneSteel ) will continue with Australia’s newest steel company, OneSteel Limited.
Further information can be obtained from OneSteel Direct on 1800-1-STEEL ( 1800-1-78335 )

OneSteel Manufacturing ABN 42 004 651 325

™xDMKARFy018726z

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy