*This curriculum is made by

Instructor: ABDURRAHMAN MUSTAFA

*For online quran teaching courses
Academy

*01092371863
*
* What is izhaar?

* What are the letters of izhaar?

* How it can be pronounced?

* What is the sign of tanween in the quraan?

 *1-Izhaar
*Izhaar means to make clear.
*lzhaar Letters: Throat letters ‫ ه‬/‫خ ء‬/ ‫غ‬/ ‫ ح‬/‫ ع‬/
*Method of pronunciation: If a Noon Saakin or a
Tanween is followed by any of these six throat
letters, the Noon Saakin or the Tanween is
pronounced clearly without Ghunnah.
*Sign in the Quran:
* ٌ ٍ ً ‫ْن‬
*2-Idghaam
 Idghaam means to merge.
 ldghaam Letters: ‫يرملون‬
 Method of pronunciation:
If a Noon Saakin or a Tanween comes at the end
of a word,
and is followed by any of these 6 letters in the
next word,
then the Noon Saakin or the Tanween will be
merged into
the next letter.
 ldghaam is divided into 2 groups:

 1- Idghaam with Ghunnah

 2- ldghaam without Ghunnah

 The Letters for Idghaam with Ghunnah: ‫ينمو‬
 If the Noon Saakin or the Tanween is followed
by any of these four letters, the reciter should
make ldghaam with Ghunnah.
 Method of pronunciation:
 Skip the Noon Saakin or the Tanween and
pronounce the following letter with Ghunnah
(from the nasal cavity).
 Sign in the Quran: ٌ ً ٍ ‫ن‬
 The Letters for the ldghaam without
Ghunnah: ‫ل & ر‬
 If Noon Saakin or the Tanween is followed by
any of these two letters, there is no Ghunnah
whilst making ldghaam.
 Method of pronunciation:
 Skip the Noon Saakin or Tanween and
pronounce ‫ ل‬or ‫ ر‬without Ghunnah.
 lqlaab means to convert or change
ْ
 lqlaab letter: ‫ة‬
 Method of pronunciation:
ْ
If a Noon Saakin or Tanween is followed by " "‫ة‬
it is
converted into Meem and the reciter should
make
Ghunnah.
 Sign in the Quran:
*4- Ikhfaa
*Ikhfaa means to hide
Ikhfaa letters: Any letter other than the
letters of Izhaar,
lqlaab or ldghaam.
*Method of pronunciation:
If any letter other than the letters of Izhaar,
lqlab or ldghaam follows Noon Saakin or
Tanween, the reciter
*
should hide the Noon Saakin and make
Ghunnah.
*if the Noon Saakin or Tanween is followed
by a heavy letter ) ‫(خص ضغط لظ‬the sound of
Ghunnah should be heavy.

*if the Noon Saakin or Tanween is followed

by a light letter, the sound of Ghunnah
should also be light.
*Sign in the Quran: -‫ن‬/ً/ٍ
ً /ًٌ

In order to pronounce the Ikhfaa correctly,

place your tongue at the point of
articulation of the lkhfaa letter and
pronounce the Ghunnah.
 What are the
letters of
meem
saakin?

What is
What are the
rules of the How it can
be
meem
saakin? meem pronounced?

saakin?

What is
ikhfaa?
 THE RULES OF MEEM SAAKIN

Meem Saakin: IS a Meem without

Harakah) ‫(م‬or a Meem with a
Sukoon. )‫(م‬
The Rules of Meem 1- Ikhfaa
Saakin: Shafawi
2-Idghaam
Shafawi
3-Izhaar
Shafawi
 1-IKHFAA SHAFAWI ٌ‫إخفبء شفى‬

• Ikhfaa means to hide.

• The letter of lkhfaa Shafawi: ‫ب‬

• Method of pronunciation:
If the Meem Saakin is followed by " ‫ ب‬,"
the reader should hide the Meem and
pronounce it with Ghunnah.
This should be in two words.
It is called Shafawi because it is
pronounced from the lips.
The word Shafawi refers to lips in
Arabic.
2-Idghaam Shafawi :‫إدغام شفوي‬
 Idgham shafawi

What is the
What is Idgham
letter of Idgham
shafawi?
shafawi?

How it can be Examples from

pronounced? quraan
 ldghaam Shafawi means to merge.
 The letter of ldghaam Shafawi: ( ‫( م‬
 Method of pronunciation:
If Meem Saakin is followed by " ‫" م‬then
Meem Saakin will merge with the next
Meem and will be pronounced with
Ghunnah. This should be in two
separate words.
 the meem after meem saakin should
have shaddah ( ّ )
The Rules of Meem
Saakin
3- Izhaar Shafawi
 What are the
letters of What is Izhaar How it can be
Shafawi ? pronounced?
Izhaar Shafawi ?

Examples in
quraan.
 3- Izhaar Shafawi

 3- Izhaar Shafawi
 Izhaar Shafawi means to make clear.
 The letters of Izhaar Shafawi:

All the letters other than " ‫ ب‬-‫م‬

 Method of pronunciation:
If the Meem Saakin is followed by any letter other than
‫م‬- ‫ب‬
it has to be pronounced clearly without
Ghunnah.
exercise
Noon saakin and
tanween
Exercise
Meem and noon
Exercise
(Ghunnah)
(Ghunnah)
• -Definition:
• Ghunnah is a sound Is pronounced from
the nose and the tongue is not used.
• -the way of pronunciation:
If a meem or noon is mushaddad (that is, it
has a shaddah. sign on it , you must do
ghunnah (or nasal sound of 2 (beats) on i it.
• Examples:
(RANKS OF
GUNNAH)
 (RANKS OF GUNNAH)
 THE MOST COMPLETE GHUNNAH:
 1 )IDGHAM WITH GUNNAH.

 2)THE NOON MOSHADADAH.

 3)MEEM MOSHADADAH.
 THE COMPLETE GHUNNAH:

1 )IKHFAA OF NOON SAKINAH.

 2)IKHFAA OF MEEM SAKINAH.

 THE IN COMPLETE GOHUNNAH:

 1)1ZHAR OF MEEM SAKINAH .

 2)IZHAR OF NOON SAKINAH .

 THE MOST INCOMPLETE GHUNNAH:

 1)NOON&MEEM WITH HARAKA.

Definite article )ْ‫ال‬
Definite article )ْ‫ال‬
• Hamzat El-uasl

if we connect If we start the

the reading from reading with it,
the previous we pronounce it
word, we cancel as hamzah with
it .We don't
fathah.
pronounce it.

ُ َ ‫ِم ْن ْٱل ِكت‬

‫اب‬ ُ َ ‫ْٱل ِكت‬
‫اب‬
Laam saakinah

Izhar Idgham
It will be pronounced It will be mixed with
clearly the next letter if it is
if followed by any with any one of the
one of the 14 letters rest letters. then it is
( )‫ابغ حجك وخف عقيمة‬ called
then it is called (shamsych).
(qamaryah) .
‫ب‬ َ ‫ْٱل َح‬
ِ ‫ط‬ ‫ت‬ ُ ‫طا‬
ِ ‫غو‬ ْ
َّ ‫وٱل‬
QALQALAH
 What is Qalqalah?
 What are the letters of Qalqalah?
 How can it be pronounced?
 What are the types of Qalqalah?
 What are the examples of Qalqalah in the
holy Quraan?
 Qalqalah means : Making vibration sound
at the articulation point of the letter .

 The letters of Qalqalah : ‫لطت جد‬

Method of pronunciation :
If any of the letters from ‫لطت جد‬
are Saakin ( either the letter
has a Sukoon or is Saakin because of stopping ) ,
the reciter should make Qalqalah .
‫‪ Examples of Qalqalah‬‬
‫خلُ َ‬
‫ونَ‬ ‫يَ ْد ُ‬ ‫َو َ‬
‫ق َ‬
‫بَ‬ ‫ح ْب ُ‬
‫لَ‬ ‫َ‬

‫ْ‬
‫ٱن َفهَ ِ‬
‫ك‬ ‫وَ ْمعبً‬ ‫أَ َ‬
‫ح ُد‬

‫ْ‬ ‫و ْ‬ ‫تَ ْ‬
‫ٱنح ّ ِ‬
‫َك‬ ‫ح ّ‬
‫جِ‬ ‫َٱن َ‬ ‫ج ِسٌ‬
 Types of Qalqalah :

 1- Minor ( Sughra )
 This occurs when the letter of Qalqalah is in the
middle of a word , or at the end of a word that
you are not stopping on .

 Examples :

 ‫خ ُهىن‬
ٌ ‫ َ َْد‬- ‫م ِعىن‬ ْ َ - ‫لد َلبنهب‬
َ ‫َط‬ ْ
 2- Medium ( Wusta )
 This occurs when the letter of Qalqalah is at
the end of a word , the letter of Qalqalah
doesn't have Shaddah and you are stopping
on that word .

 Example :
 ‫ ان َفهَك‬- ‫بزق‬
ِ َ‫وانط‬
 3- Major ( Kubra )
 This occurs when the letter of Qalqalah is at
the end of a word , the letter of Qalqalah has
Shaddah and you are stopping on that word .

 Example:

ّ ‫ انح‬- ‫ثبنحك‬
 ‫ج‬ ّ
 Note : The sound of the Major Qalqalah is
clearer than that of the Meduim Qalqalah and
the sound of the Medium Qalqalah is clearer
than that of the Minor Qalqalah .
 Exercises
 Find the Qalqalah and read the words

: ً‫ لبل هللا تعبن‬

‫َستدد‬

‫َجعم‬

‫ونعجد‬

‫أجسا‬
 ‫ُوطفة‬
‫َمدزون‬
‫إن طهمتم انىسبء‬
‫وعهً انممتس لدزي‬
‫وأن تعفىا ألسة نهتمىي‬
‫ونكه نُطمئه لهجٍ‬
‫مه ذا انرٌ َمسض هللا لسضب حسىب‬
‫ولد أخسجىب مه دَبزوب وأثىبئىب‬
 Madd means lengthening the sound due to one of the
letters of Madd.
 All the madd rules are built upon the 3 basic Madd
letters:
 1- Alif I preceded by a Fathah ( َ - ), as ‫قَال‬
 -2Yaa Saakin s preceded by a Kasrah ( ِ -), as ‫ِقيل‬
 -3Waaw Saakin preceded by a Dhammah ( ُ -), as ‫يقُول‬
 Madd mutasil

1-Madd Sela
2-Madd Ewad
sughra
Madd munfasil
1 The madd due to
hamzah
1- Natural Madd Madd badal
(Tabee'ee) ‫المد‬
‫الطبيعي‬
Types of Madd
2-Secondary Madd sela kubra
Madd (Far'ee) ‫المد‬
‫الفرعي‬
Madd aridh li
sukoon

The madd due to

Madd leen
sukoon
Kalimmee
muthqqal &
mukhfaff
Madd lazeem
Harffee muthqqal
& mukhffaf
1-The Natural Madd (Tabee'ee) ‫املد الطبيعي‬
 The Natural Madd is one of the Madd letters
) ‫ (ا_و_ي‬not followed by a Hamzah )‫(ء‬or sukoon) ْ (.

 It is prolonged 2 counts:
 Types of natural madd
 1- madd sela sughra :
 If a pronoun that presents the third person, singular
,male, vowel and between two vowels letters, it will be
connected to madd letter( either waw or yaa according
to its harkah).
 It is prolonged 2 counts:
 2- madd_Ewad
 Replace an alif madd for the tanween of fathatin with
one fathah of both ,when you stop on it. So one fathah
and alif will be pronounced .
 It is prolonged 2 Harakas:
note
 No Madd is pronounced if the word ends by Taa
Marboutah. If you stop on Taa Marboutah, it will be
pronounced Haa,
 example:
َ‫ رحمة‬
1- madd due to hamzah.
 Secondary madd:
-It is a lengthening that has a longer time than
that in natural madd, due to hamzah or
sukoon.
 IT IS divided into two main groups :
 1- madd due to hamzah.
 2- madd due to sukoon.
Secondary madd
 The madd due to Hamza :
 1- Madd-ul-Muttasil ‫المد المتصل‬
 2-Madd-ul-Munfasil ‫المد المنفصل‬
 3-Madd-ul-Badal ‫مد البدل‬
1- Madd-ul-Muttasil ‫املد املتصل‬
 1- Madd-ul-Muttasil:
If a letter of Madd is followed by a Hamzah )‫ )ء‬which is
present in the same word, the reader should prolong
the Madd 4 or 5 Harakas.
 This Madd is obligatory.

 Sign in the Quran: ~

2- Madd-ul-Munfasil
 -If a letter of Madd is at the end of a word and is
followed by a Hamzah )‫ )ء‬which is present at the
beginning of the next word, the reader should prolong
the Madd 4 or 5 Haraka's. Madd for 2 Harakas
(Natural Madd) is pronounced when stopping on the
letter of madd.
 This Madd is optional.

 Sign in the Quran: ~

Differences between Madd-ul-Muttasil & Madd-ul-
Munfasil.

 1- Madd-ul-Muttasil is present in one word.

 Madd-ul-Munfasil is present in two separate words.

 2- Madd-ul-Muttasil is present when stopping on the

 Madd and when joining the words.
 Madd-ul-Munfasil is only present when joining the
 words.

 3- Madd-ul-Muttasil is obligatory.
 Madd-ul-Munfasil is optional.
3- Madd-ul-Badal
 If a letter of Madd is preceded by Hamza )‫ )ء‬and not
followed by a Hamza or a Saakin letter, then the letter
of Madd will be prolonged two Harakas.
2- Secondary Madd (Far'ee) ‫المد الفرعي‬
The Madd due to Sukoon
 The Madd due to Sukoon

 1- Madd-ul-Aridh Li-Sukoon ‫المد العارض‬

‫للسكون‬
 2 -Madd-ul-Leen ‫مد اللين‬
 3- Madd-ul-Lazim ‫المد الالزم‬
 1-Madd-ul-Aridh Li-Sukoon:

 -If a letter of Madd is followed by a

letter at the end of a word which is
Saakin temporarily, because the reader
has to stop on the word, the reader
should prolong the Madd to be Madd
Aridh Li-Sukoon.
 Madd Aridh Li-Sukoon can be prolonged
2, 4 or 6 Harakas.
 2- Madd-ul-Leen ‫المد اللين‬

 The Leen letters : Are Waaw &)‫)و‬Yaa )‫ى‬ ْ )

Saakin preceded by a letter with Fathah
( َ ).
 If one of the Leen letters is followed by
a letter at the end of a word which is
Saakin due to stopping, the reader
should prolong the Leen letter 2, 4 or 6
Harakas.
 3- Madd-ul-Lazim
 If a letter of Madd is followed by an original Sukoon (not due to
stopping), or a Mushaddad letter, the reciter should prolong the
Madd 6 Harakas.
 Types of Madd Lazim:
 1- Madd Lazim Kalimee
 a- Muthaqqal
 b- Mukhaffaf
 2- Madd Lazim Harfee
 a- Muthaqqal
 b- Mukhaffaf
Madd Lazim Kalimee Muthaqqal :
 If a letter of Madd is followed by a
Mushaddad letter which is present in the
same word, the reciter should prolong the
 Madd 6 Harakas.
 Ex:
 Madd Lazim Kalimee Mukhaffaf:
 If a letter of Madd is followed by an original
Sukoon (not due to stopping) which is
present in the same word, the reciter should
prolong the Madd 6 Harakas.
 There is only one word in the Quran with this
type of Madd.
 Madd Lazim Harfee ‫المد الالزم الحرفي‬

 -There are 14 independent letters that occur in the

Quran at the beginning of some Surahs. The
mnemonic for these letters is as follows:
ٌ َ‫َص َحك ِيم ق‬
‫اط ٌع لَهُ ِس ّر‬ ٌ ‫ن‬
 These letters are attached to each other like
ordinary words. However the individual letters have
to be pronounced by reading out their respective
names.
 Some of these letters are prolonged 6 Harakas,
they are:
‫سل ُك ْم‬
َ ‫ع‬ َ َ‫نَق‬
َ ‫ص‬
Madd Lazim Harfee Muthaqqal:

 -If a letter of Madd is followed by a Mushaddad

letter, the reader should prolong the Madd
letter 6 Harakas.
Note: There are five letters that are
prolonged 2 Harakas, these letters are: ‫ي‬
ٌ ‫َح‬
َ
. ‫ط ُه ْر‬

 Example: ‫ طه‬is pronounced as ‫ َطا َها‬.

 )1(The Alif is not prolonged.

 Madd Lazim Harfee Mukhaffaf :
 -If a letter of Madd is followed by a Saakin
letter, the reader should prolong the Madd
6 Harakas.
 The letter ‫ ع‬can be prolonged either 4 or 6
Harakas as the middle letter )‫(ى‬is a letter
of Leen. The preference is to be prolonged 6
Harakas.
 This occurs in Surah Maryam and Ash-
Shura.
Ex:
EXERCISE
The mudood
 What are the sections of the
letters?

 What are the heavy letters ?

 What are the light letters ?
 What are the letters that come in
the tow positions ?
There are three types of Arabic letters
regarding the
heaviness and lightness.

1- Heavy letters: ‫خص ضغط قظ‬

Method of pronunciation:
The reciter should raise the back of the
tongue when pronouncing these letters.
All the other letters except ‫&أ‬
‫ ر &ل‬of the word Allah .

Method of pronunciation:
The reciter should lower the back of
the tongue when pronouncing these
letters.
3- Letters that are sometimes light
and sometimes heavy.
 Alif Madd: It depends on the
preceding letter. If the letter before
Alif Madd is light, Alif Madd should be
pronounced light.

 But if the letter before Alif Madd is

heavy, then Alif Madd should be
pronounced heavy.
Examples of Alif Madd
‫قَا َل‬
‫َما َل‬
‫طا َل‬ َ
-Laam in the word Allah

 If the word Allah is preceded by a letter with a

Fathah or a
Dhammah, then the ‫ ل‬in the word Allah will be
pronounced with a full mouth (heavy).
If it is preceded by a letter with a Kasrah, then the ‫ل‬
will be
pronounced with an empty mouth (light).
 The Rules of Raa
 Raa is pronounced with a full mouth (Heavy)
in 4 cases:

 1- If the Raa has a Fathah or Dhammah above

it.

 Examples:
‫َر ْح َمة‬
‫َر ِب ْي‬
‫َيرا‬ُ ‫خ‬
ُ ‫قروها‬ُ َ‫فَع‬
 2-If the Raa is Saakin and there is
a Fathah or Dhammah above the
previous letter.

 Examples:

‫ض‬ُ ‫ْٱْل َ ْر‬

‫وأْ ُم ْر‬
َ ُ‫يُ ْرزَ ق‬
‫ون‬
‫َم ْريَم‬
 3- If the Raa is Saakin or Saakin because of
stopping, and the previous letter is Saakin,
and the letter preceding the Saakin letter has
a Fathah or Dhammah, or if there is Alif or
Waaw before the Raa.

 Examples:

‫ُخ ِسر‬
ْ
‫وٱلفَ ْج ِر‬
ُ ُ‫ن‬
‫ور‬
ِ ‫ٱَلنَّ َه‬
‫ار‬
 4-If the Raa is Saakin and is preceded
by Hamzatul-Wasl which will be
pronounced with Kasrah.

 Examples:
‫ٱر ِجعي‬ ْ
‫ٱر َك ِعي‬
ْ
‫ب‬ْ ‫ٱر َك‬ْ
‫ٱرتَابُوا‬ ْ
 Raa is pronounced with an empty
mouth (light) in 4 cases:

 1-If the Raa has a kasrah.

 Examples:
‫ِر َجال‬
‫ِري ٌح‬
‫ش َِر‬
ْ ‫َوبُ ِر ّز‬
‫ت‬
2-If the Raa is Saakin or Saakin
because of stopping and the letter
before it has a Kasrah.

 Examples:

‫ِش ْر ُك‬
‫ص ِب ْر‬ْ ‫َوٱ‬
‫ع ِسر‬َ
 3- If the Raa is Saakin or Saakin
because of stopping and the previous
letter is Saakin and the letter
preceding the Saakin letter has a
Kasrah.

 Examples:
‫ٱلَ ِس ْح ِر‬
‫ِح ْج ٍر‬
‫ش ْع ِر‬ّ َ‫ٱل‬
‫ٱلَ ِذ ْك َر‬
 4-If the Raa is Saakin or Saakin
because of stopping, and there is Yaa
Madd or Yaa Leen before the Raa.

 Examples:
‫َخي ٌْر‬
ٌ ‫قَ ِد‬
‫ير‬
‫ير‬ٌ ‫نَ ِذ‬
‫صير‬ ِ َ‫ب‬
 There are some words where the Raa can be
pronounced
with either a full mouth (heavy) or with an empty
mouth (light).

 When stopping on these words, the Raa can be

pronounced with a full mouth (heavy) or with an
empty mouth (light) but the preference is to
pronounce it with an empty mouth (light).

 Examples:
‫أ َ ْن ٱ ْس ِر‬
‫يَ ْس ِر‬
‫فَأ َ ْس ِر‬
‫ط ِر‬ْ ‫ٱْل ِق‬
‫َونُذُ ِر‬
 When stopping on this word, the Raa
can be
pronounced with a full mouth (heavy) or
with an
empty mouth (light) but the preference
is to
pronounce it with a full mouth (heavy)

‫ص َر‬ْ ‫ِم‬
‫ص َر‬ ْ ‫ِب ِم‬
 Note:
The Raa will be pronounced with a
full mouth (heavy) if it is
 Saakin and the letter before it has
a Kasrah, and the Raa Saakin is
followed by one of the heavy
letters.
 1-fathah on the letter followed by alif
maad:‫قَا َ َل‬
 2- fathah on the tafkheem letter: ‫قَ ْد‬

 3- dammah on the TAFKHEEM letter: ‫يَقُو َل‬

 4-sokoon on the TAFKHEEM letter‫يَ ْن ِط ْق ُون‬

 5-kasrah on the TAFKHEEM letter: ‫ِق ِي َل‬

Exercise

 Find the rules of the Raa then read the words.

‫ب‬َ ‫َر ۡي‬
‫ص ٗادا‬ َ ‫ِم ۡر‬
‫بَ ۡر ٗدا‬
‫ٱلرو ُح‬ ُّ
ُ‫عة‬ َ ‫ار‬ ِ َ‫ۡٱلق‬
‫ص ِر‬ ۡ َ‫َو ۡٱلع‬
‫ُز ۡرت ُ ُم‬
‫ِل َر ِبّ ِهۦ‬
َ‫فَأَث َ ۡرن‬