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Shell Structure-Group E.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
30 views24 pages

Shell Structure-Group E.

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abo3zoz1422
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Taibah University

College of Engineering Architectural


Engineering Department

SHELL
STRUCTURE
By: Ahmed Yassin 3706477
Omar Abdualaziz 4102628
Mohammed Mansour Halawani 3902851
CONTENT
DEFINITION OF THE SHELL STRUCTURE
1 SYSTEM

2
HOW ARE SHELL STRUCTURES
CONSTRUCTED?

3 TYPES OF SHELL STRUCTURE

4 ADVANTAGES

5 DISADVANTAGES

6 EXAMPLE

7 REFERENCES
THE SHELL STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

Shell system in buildings


It is a geometric surfaces of reinforced concrete that define the
spaces internally and externally, and in this system we design the
ceiling from concrete with a simple thickness and take curved or
polygonal shapes..

The curved surface area efficiently distributes external


forces and loads across its entirety, qualifying them as
methodical load-bearing structures.
Structural span exceed between 60:20 meters
The thickness of the slab is about 8 centimeters
The thickness ratio is 1/200
HOW ARE SHELL STRUCTURES CONSTRUCTED?

Form Finding

The process begins with engineers


employing advanced analysis techniques
and methodologies to determine the
optimal shape and curvature of the shell.

Material Selection
Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) and
Fiberglass reinforced concrete is most
widely used because of its strength and
durability.
Steel is also a preferred material for shell
roof as it is lightweight, offers versatility,
and ease of assembly
l

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
SHORING WOODEN FORMWORK

After the foundation is finished, the On top of the temporary structure the
construction of the shell started. formwork is placed.
Wooden formwork - supported by shoring The formwork consists of a surface or
towers each tower had for screwed clamps wooden tables fixed wooden beams.
on the top to support the formwork. Wooden beams fixed on the clamps of
the shores towers
.

,
l

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
ROOF REINFORCEMENT
Rib reinforcement - prefabricated on site
set on place.
Steel reinforcement, which is necessary to
deal with the tension in the structure.
WOODEN FORMWORK
The structure is supported on 8
points.
Each support considered as a hinge,
with restricted lateral displacement
and free rotations.
Such hinge was performed by using a
confined elastomeric bearing, fixed to
slope trunk-conic concrete basements
on the sub-structure.

,
l

CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
SHOTCRETING PROCESS
Because of the steep slopes on the shells, a
method called concreting is used to apply the
concrete on the formwork.
By blasting a thick mixture of concrete on the
formworks, the shell is created around the
reinforcement. The appropriate machinery,
tools and materials (cement, fibres and
aggregates) were prepared on site.

DRYING
Directly after the last concrete is poured
on the formwork, the drying time started.
Concrete has to settle, and it takes at least
28 days before it reaches its full strength.
During this time, the temporary structure
, and the formwork has to stay in place.
TYPES OF SHELL STRUCTURE
Geodesic Domes

Geodesic domes are iconic structures characterized by a


network of interlocking geometric elements that form a
spherical or partially spherical shape. These domes have an
excellent strength-to-weight ratio and a good ability to enclose
vast interior spaces with minimal quantities of materials

These structures find applications in various contexts, including


exhibition centers, greenhouses, stadiums, and even residential
buildings
Missouri Botanical Garden
United State
TYPES OF SHELL STRUCTURE
Barrel Vaults

Barrel vaults, also known as tunnel vaults, are curved


structures consisting of a series of parallel arches placed side
by side, creating a continuous, elongated, and cylindrical shell
shape.

These were prevalent in ancient Roman architecture and are still


used today in applications such as tunnels, cathedrals, and large-
span roofs
TYPES OF SHELL STRUCTURE
Shell Roofs

shell roofs encompass a broad category of shell structures


designed to cover large areas without internal supports. They
are characterized by their curved, single-surface roofs that
span over vast spaces.

These roofs are commonly found in airports, exhibition halls,


stadiums, and cultural centers, where their architectural elegance
and spatial efficiency are showcased.
TYPES OF SHELL STRUCTURE

Folded Plate Structures

Folded plate structures feature flat plates that are folded or


bent along predetermined lines to create a series of
interconnected facets. These folded plates work together to
form a structural system capable of carrying loads efficiently.

Folded plate structures are renowned for their visual appeal,


geometric complexity, and structural strength. They find
applications in roofs, walls where their distinctive forms create a
strong architectural statement.
ADVANTAGES

How are Shell Design Flexibility


Structures Beneficial
Long Span Capabilities

Structural Efficiency

Structural Stability and Resilience

Efficient Use of Space

Natural Acoustic Performance

Versatility in Function
DISADVANTAGES

Designing and analyzing shell structures can be


intricate

construction costs can be relatively high due to


specialized materials and construction techniques.

Maintenance and repair of shell structures may be


more complex, requiring specialized knowledge and
skills.

It is not possible to add additional floors above the


shells because they are the final roof of the building
CASE STUDY: ZAHA’S BUILDING

location: Situated close to the center of the city,


the site has a fundamental role in the re-
urbanisation of Bakú, Republic of Azerbaijan, on
the Western coast of the Caspian Sea. To travel
to the center, a new metro line was built which
drops visitors at the foot of the gentle hill on
which the building sits.
CASE STUDY: ZAHA’S BUILDING

The building is principally comprised of two systems which work together: a concrete
structure combined with a spatial structure system. With the intention of creating large-
scale, free spaces of columns which allow the visitor to experiment with the fluidity of the
interior, vertical structural elements are absorbed by the walls and curtain wall system.
The specific geometry of the surfaces encourages unconventional structural solutions,
such as the introduction of curved “starter columns” to achieve the inverse shell of the
surface from the floor to the West of the building, and the “duck tail” resulting from the
narrowing of the cantilevered beams which support the skin of the building on the East
side.
CASE STUDY: ZAHA’S BUILDING

The building, whose smooth, distorted grid-work of polyester-reinforced fiberglass panels do not
have visible connections, appears less “as built” and more “as landed”.
In the construction, they used 121,000m³ of reinforced concrete, 194,000 formworks and 19,000
tonnes of steel molds. To create the shape of the external skin, 5,500 tonnes of structural steel were
required, creating the base for a surface of 40,000m² formed of panels of fiberglass reinforced with
polyester or concrete. There were a total of around 17,000 individual panels with various geometries.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=ySRziBOLzx0
CASE STUDY: ZAHA’S BUILDING
THANK YOU
REFERENCES
https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/shell-structure/71300367#4
https://www.novatr.com/blog/shell-structures
https://www.archdaily.com/970094/tangshan-mine-bookstore-of-
librairie-avant-grade-seu-arch-plus-art-plus-zen-
architects/6167026cf91c813068000013-tangshan-mine-bookstore-
of-librairie-avant-grade-seu-arch-plus-art-plus-zen-architects-
photo?next_project=no

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6_Mfy8HGcX0
https://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=ySRziBOLzx0

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