Submitted by :Ayesha Siddique And

Memoona Ishfaq
Roll No :PHYS51S24R016 PHYS51S24R027
Submitted to :Ayesha Maryam
Assignment : Science of society
 In sociology, global culture is the sharing of cultural aspects across nations
and cultural groups, especially due to globalization's increased interaction and
interdependence. Cultural globalization is the process of spreading a culture's
values, ideas, and experiences around the world. It's made possible by
economic globalization and various means, including: tourism, social media,
news outlets, and movies.
Cultural globalization can lead to:

• The global distribution of tastes, images, symbolic values, preferences, and lifestyles

• Enhanced dominant cultures

• Greater awareness: Greater awareness of ethnic identities
• Greater diversity: Greater diversity and heterogeneity

However, cultural globalization can also have negative effects, such as:

• Stereotypes: The risk of stereotypes and homogenization of global culture

• Weakening of native cultures: The weakening of local cultures

• Prejudicial beliefs: The influence of stereotypes and prejudicial beliefs against

members of a particular culture

Key Aspects of Global Flow of Culture in

Pakistan:
The global flow of culture in Pakistan has influenced the country's society,
lifestyle, and perspective in many ways, including:
• Media: Radio, television, and films are now widely available, even in remote areas.
Turkish dramas have increased awareness of Pakistan and tourism to the country.
•
• Music: Pakistani music blends traditional and Western styles, and includes folk music,
Qawwali, and Ghazal Gayaki. The arrival of Afghan refugees has also increased interest
in Pashto music.

• Architecture: Modern architecture is influenced by Western influences.

• Cuisine: Foreign influences can be seen in Pakistani cuisine.

• Arts: Foreign influences can be seen in Pakistani artS

• Family structure
The traditional extended family is becoming less common, and nuclear families are
more prevalent.

• Gender roles
Women's rights are becoming more important, and women are striving to learn and
achieve more.

• Lifestyle
People are more informed and concerned about their individual rights, and are more
inclined toward a consumption culture
 • Cultural blending

Globalization has led to the blending of cultures, and the deterioration of unique
cultural differences. .Student Mobility:

Student mobility refers to students moving to study or work in a different

country or school, either as an incoming or outgoing student. It can be a
disruptive phenomenon, especially for minority and poor students, and can
affect academic achievement and completion rates.
Pakistan is a multi-ethnic and multi-cultural society that values traditional
family values. However, globalization has increased the influence of Western
culture.

Impacts of Global Flow of Culture on

Pakistani Society:
Cultural hybridization, which is the process of different cultures interacting and
creating something new, has had both positive and negative impacts on
Pakistan society:

• Positive impacts
• Cultural diversity: The fusion of cultures can create new cultural expressions and increase
cultural diversity.

• Understanding: The interaction between cultures can help people discover and understand
different cultures.

• Negative impacts
• Loss of cultural identity: Globalization can lead to the changing or loss of cultural identities.

• Disagreements and conflicts: The interaction between cultures can lead to disagreements
and conflicts between different cultures.

Some examples of cultural hybridization in Pakistan include:

• Language
 The national language of Pakistan is Urdu, which is a combination of Arabic, Persian,
Hindi, and other languages. However, Urdu is now spoken mixed with many English
words.
• Food
Pakistani people want to eat foods and dishes that are more hot and spicy, but they also
want the flavor of Western, Chinese, and Italian foods.
• Clothing
Pakistani people wear jeans with kurtas, which is a Western and Pakistani style. They
also wear abayas, which is an Arabic style.
• Festivals
Pakistani people celebrate their main festivals, like Eids, Shab-e-barat, and Eid
Miladun Nabi, in an Islamic and Indian style. They also celebrate other festivals, like
Basant, 1st April fool's day, Valentine's Day, and spring festivals

Globalization can impact cultural identity in a number of ways, including:

• Homogenization
Globalization can lead to the standardization of cultural expressions around the world,
which can marginalize local cultures.
• Commodification
Globalization can commodify culture, leading to the loss of cultural significance 
Cultural identity crisis
When an individual's cultural history clashes with the codes of a newly adopted culture,
they may experience a cultural identity crisis.

• Influence on stereotypes
Globalization can influence stereotypes and prejudicial beliefs against members of a
particular culture.

Cultural Homogenities
Cultural homogeneity is a concept that describes a society where there is a
high level of cultural similarity, shared values, traditions, and customs. It can
also refer to a sense of cultural pride that citizens share with each other.

• Cultural homogeneity can be shaped by a number of factors, including:

Historical influences, Geographical influences, Social influences, and
Political influences.

• Some countries that are known for their cultural homogeneity include:
Saudi Arabia, China, Korea, and Japan.

• Cultural homogeneity is often associated with national identity, but it is

only one aspect of it. In countries with high cultural homogeneity, a fixed
set of ideas and beliefs guide the collective behavior of the people.
• Cultural homogenization is the opposite of cultural diversity, and it can
occur when a global culture becomes dominant and local cultures are
suppressed. Cultural homogenization can have a number of
consequences, including: A loss of cultural heritage, A diminished sense
of identity and belonging, Resentment and resistance from local
cultures, and Economic disparities.

 • However, cultural homogenization can also lead to social integration and
understanding. Exposure to different cultures can promote tolerance,
empathy, and global citizenship.

• Cultural homogeneity is a concept that describes a society where there

is a high level of cultural similarity, shared values, traditions, and
customs. It can also refer to a sense of cultural pride that citizens share
with each other.

• Cultural homogeneity can be shaped by a number of factors, including:

Historical influences, Geographical influences, Social influences, and
Political influences.

• Some countries that are known for their cultural homogeneity include:
Saudi Arabia, China, Korea, and Japan.

• Cultural homogeneity is often associated with national identity, but it is

only one aspect of it. In countries with high cultural homogeneity, a fixed
set of ideas and beliefs guide the collective behavior of the people.

• Cultural homogenization is the opposite of cultural diversity, and it can

occur when a global culture becomes dominant and local cultures are
suppressed. Cultural homogenization can have a number of
consequences, including: A loss of cultural heritage, A diminished sense
of identity and belonging, Resentment and resistance from local
cultures, and Economic disparities.

• However, cultural homogenization can also lead to social integration and

understanding. Exposure to different cultures can promote tolerance,
empathy, and global citizenship

Examples of cultural homogeneties

. Some examples of cultural homogenization include:

• Clothing
The widespread use of jeans and t-shirts has made dress styles more uniform around
the world. However, some societies still use clothing to express their cultural and
religious identity
.

• Food
The rise of fast food chains and global cuisines has led to a decline in local restaurants
and traditional dishes.

Language
Language is a key way to transmit cultural values and identities. In homogeneous
societies, a shared language can help foster a sense of unity.

• Work culture
In multinational companies, employees may be expected to dress in Western formal
attire, even if it doesn't reflect their own cultural identity.
• Religion

Religious groups often have standardized rituals and behaviors, such as praying five
times a day, baptism, and church. These rituals are often enforced by social sanctions,
such as lowering the social rank of those who don't perform them.

• Dress
 In some societies, dress is a symbol of cultural status. For example, in India, there are
many different types of dress that are limited to certain communities.

• Family
Family is a necessary part of all cultures.

Beliefs
People who enter cults often undergo a process that leads to reduced variation in their
beliefs and behaviors.

.Marriage
Marriage is a universal custom in all the societies. Without marriage there is no family life and no continuity
of human race

.Education
Education,formal and informal is the necessity of social life in all the human societies. Education is the
learning of cultural norms through transmission
 From these examples, we conclude that man as a social animal has so many thingdcommon
due to the similarity of needs and similarity of the material available. The uniformity in
cultures is specially due to similarity of needs and the material is available

Cultural hetrogeneties:
Cultural heterogeneity refers to the differences in cultural identity among
people in a society. These differences can be based on many cultural aspects,
including:
class, ethnicity, language, traditions, religion, and sense of place.
In societies with cultural heterogeneity, people are surrounded by people from
different countries of origin who may not share the same language, norms, or
practices.

Cultural heterogeneity can have both positive and negative effects:

• Positive effects
Cultural heterogeneity can have a positive impact on economic development. For
example, immigrants can be a valuable source of human resources, especially for
innovation and technological progress.

• Negative effects
Cultural heterogeneity can make it more difficult for people to communicate, trust, and
cooperate with each other. For example, when many languages are spoken, transaction
costs can increase

Cultural variability can occur in many ways, including:

• Subcultures

Cultural variability can occur within subcultural groups of a mainstream culture.

• Group expression

When an individual's interpretation of a cultural element is shared with others, a new form of
that element can be created.

• Sociocultural systems

Every human society has its own sociocultural system, which is a unique expression of
human culture. These systems can vary in structure and organization due to differences in
physical habitats, resources, and the range of possibilities in different areas of activity.

• Cultural change
Culture is constantly evolving through invention and culture loss. For example, modern cars
have replaced horses, which were once a symbol of American pride.

• Cultural leveling

Cultural leveling can occur when cultures share similar tastes in music, film, dance,
restaurants, and drinks. They may also share commonalities in communication and sharing,
such as with social media or the iPhone.

• Acculturation

Acculturation can occur when people eat foods common in a new culture or participate in
new holidays and celebrations.

Examples of cultural hetrogenities

Pakistan. In most of the societies, the nuclear or simple family system found. Matriarchal,
Patriarchal, Matrilocal, Patrilocal, Neoloo Matrilineal and Patrilineal are the various types of
family.

II. Types of Marriage

Endogamy and Exogamy are the two majpe systems of marriage popular in different
societies. Monogamy, Polygamy, Polyandry, Levirate and Sororate are the popular types of
marriages found in different cultures.

III. Customs of Marriage

In Western societies, marriage holds Church or in court and courtship is necessary before
marriage in which the boy and girl meet so frequently as to understand each other. While
courtship is condemned and not allowed in our society. Here betrothal and Nikkah
ceremonies are the basic conditions of a marriage. Similarly, different customs prevail in
different societies in case of marriage.

IV. Cultural Values

- Cultures are distinguished from one another on the basis of their values. Every culture and
society has its own value system. Economic relations stand at the highest value of the
Western societies while social and religious values are the highest in Pakistani social life.
 Different religious attitudes, ideas, beliefs and practices are found in different societies of the
world. Hinduism, Buddhism and Islam are the religions of the Indians. Jewish is for the Jews.
Zoroastrianism is for its some followers living in Iran. Confuciusism and Taoism are the
religions of the Chinese people. Shantoism is the religion of the Japanese. Islam is the religion of
the Muslims and Christianity for the Christians.

VI. Different Political Systems –

In some societies, democracy is popular as in Western countries. In some societies, kingship

is still holding as in Saudi Arabia, Morocco, Jordan and Abu Dhabi VII. Law of Inheritance
In Muslim societies, the right of ownership of property is given by Islam while non-Muslim
societies don't hold this system.

VIII. Settlement

Some people live in urban areas and most of them in rural areas. Some prefer to live in small
hamlets and others in big communities. This condition of settlement varies among the
societies.

IX. Types of Language

The languages spoken in different societies are different.

X. Styles of Dress

The styles of dress popular in different cultures vary in the same way. Shalwar, kurta, dhoti
and turban are found nowhere except in Pakistani and Indian societies.
XI. Modes of Cultivation

Land cultivation differs in all the societies. Here the plough and a pair of bullocks is still
available. In Western and other advanced societies, the mechanized farming is popular and no
plough and bullocks are seen.

XII. Systems of Education

The system of education introduced in Pakistani society is based on ideology of Pakistan,

Islamic culture and modern scientific technology. The system of education in Western
societies is based on technology, industry and social science. This difference comes through
the differences in cultures.