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Chapter 1B-Introduction To AI

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164 views

Chapter 1B-Introduction To AI

Uploaded by

ks.ashwini
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PART-B

1: Introduction to Artificial intelligence


1. What is artificial intelligence? Write an example where AI is used in daily life.
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to computer systems capable of performing complex
tasks that historically only a human could do, such as reasoning, making decisions, or
solving problems. Amazon’s Alexa and Apple’s Siri are the two best examples of AI.
They not only understand our commands but also respond to our queries or questions,
make appointments, manage calls, send emails, set alarms, etc.

2. Explain the different types of AI


Different types of AI are,
Artificial
intelligence

Artificial narrow Artificial general Artificial super


intelligence(ANI) intelligence(AGI) intelligence(ASI)

Artificial narrow intelligence (ANI):


Narrow AI is a type of AI which is able to perform a dedicated task with intelligence.
The most common and currently available AI is Narrow AI in the world of Artificial
Intelligence. Narrow AI cannot perform beyond its field or limitations, as it is only trained for
one specific task. Hence it is also termed as weak AI. Narrow AI can fail in unpredictable ways
if it goes beyond its limits. Apple Siri is a good example of Narrow AI, but it operates with a
limited pre-defined range of functions.

Artificial general intelligence (AGI):


General AI is a type of intelligence which could perform any intellectual task with
efficiency like a human. The idea behind the general AI to make such a system which could be
smarter and think like a human by its own. Currently, there is no such system exist which could
come under general AI and can perform any task as perfect as a human.

Artificial super intelligence (ASI):


Super AI is a level of Intelligence of Systems at which machines could surpass human
intelligence, and can perform any task better than human with cognitive properties. It is an
outcome of general AI. Some key characteristics of strong AI include capability include the
ability to think, to reason, solve the puzzle, make judgments, plan, learn, and communicate by
its own. Super AI is still a hypothetical concept of Artificial Intelligence.

3. What is computer vision? write any 3 applications of CV


Computer Vision (CV) is a field of Artificial Intelligence (AI) that deals with
computational methods to help computers understand and interpret the content of
digital images and videos. Hence, CV aims to make computers see and understand
visual data input from cameras or sensors.
Facial recognition: Identifying individuals through visual analysis.
Self-driving cars: Using computer vision to navigate and avoid obstacles.
Robotic automation: Enabling robots to perform tasks and make decisions based on
visual input.

4. What is the need for developing smart cities?


The main purpose of a smart city is to improve the quality of life of the people and to
push economic growth. Also, smart cities encourage area-based development by
transforming existing areas, including slums, into better planned places so that people
can live happily and comfortably. New areas are identified so that more people can be
accommodated in the future.

5. How can ai help in achieving sustainable development goals?


Artificial Intelligence has the potential to play a significant role in achieving
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Here are some ways AI can contribute to the
SDGs:
 Poverty and Hunger: AI can help in optimizing agricultural processes,
predicting crop yields, and improving resource allocation to reduce poverty and
hunger.
 Healthcare: AI can enhance healthcare systems by enabling early
disease diagnosis, personalized treatment plans, and remote monitoring,
thereby improving healthcare access and outcomes.
 Education: AI can personalize learning experiences for students, provide access
to quality education in remote areas, and facilitate continuous learning
opportunities for all.
 Gender equality: AI applications can help in identifying and addressing biases
in hiring practices, promoting diversity in workplaces, and ensuring equal
opportunities for all genders.
 Clean energy: AI can optimize energy consumption, improve grid management,
and facilitate the integration of renewable energy sources, thus contributing to
sustainable energy practices.
 Climate action: AI can analyze climate data, predict natural disasters, and offer
insights for mitigating environmental impacts, aiding in climate change
adaptation and mitigation efforts.
 Sustainable cities: AI can optimize urban planning, transportation systems, and
resource management to create more sustainable and livable cities for all
residents.
 Partnerships: AI can foster collaboration and partnership among stakeholders
by facilitating data sharing, decision-making processes, and resource allocation
for achieving the SDGs.
By leveraging the power of AI in these areas, we can accelerate progress towards
achieving the SDGs and building a more sustainable and equitable world for future
generations.

6. What are the different components of NLP


There are 2 components of Natural language processing
Natural language understanding
NLU is a subfield of natural language processing (NLP), which involves transforming
human language into a machine-readable format.

Natural Language Generation


The machine has understood that we asked them to do something; now comes their turn
to provide a proper response or feedback. NLG does the same thing.
 Text Planning: This means plain text from the knowledge base, just like humans have
a vocabulary that helps us frame sentences.
 Sentence Making: To arrange all the words and make an arrangement in a meaningful
pattern.
 Text Realization: To process all the sentences in a proper sequence or order and give
the output is called text realization.

7. What is the role of research scientist?


A research scient is responsible for analyzing designing and undertaking information.
The core responsibilities of research scientist are researching, developing and
implementing computer vision, NLP, machine learning and AI techniques.

8. What do you understand by AI ethics? Explain any 3 AI ethical issues.


AI ethics are the set of guiding principles that stakeholders (from engineers to
government officials) use to ensure artificial intelligence technology is developed and
used responsibly. This means taking a safe, secure, humane, and environmentally
friendly approach to AI.

Job Displacement
Job displacement is a concern that is frequently cited in discussions surrounding AI.
There is fear that automation will replace certain aspects or entire job roles, causing
unemployment rates to spike industries.

Bias
There is another ethical concern surrounding AI bias. Although AI does not inherently
come with bias, systems are trained using data from human sources and deep learning
which can lead to the propagation of biases through technology.

Privacy
Training of AI models requires massive amounts of data, some of which includes
personally identifiable information (PII). There is currently little insight into how the
data is being collected, processed and stored which raises concerns about who can
access your data and how they can use it.

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