Alternating Current MCQ

1. A 100 turn coil of area 0.1 m2 rotates at half a revolution per second. It is placed in a
uniform magnetic field of 0.01 T perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the coil.
Calculate the maximum voltage generated in the coil?
a) 256.33 V b) 89.12V c) 0.314 V d) 3.1455 V
2. An a.c. generator consists of a coil of 1000 turns and cross-sectional area of 3m2, rotating
at a constant angular speed of 60 rad s-1 in a uniform magnetic field 0.04 T. The
resistance of the coil is 500Ω. Calculate the maximum current drawn from the generator.
a) 2500 A b) 14.4 A c) 6.25 A d) 0.55 A
3. ‘X’ is a rectangular coil consisting of a large number of turns of copper wire wound over
a soft iron core in an a.c. generator. Identify X.
a) Slip ring b) Armature c) Copper brushes d) Field magnet
4. What will be the rms value of the voltage, if the sinusoidal value voltage is given as E =
100 sin 314 t applied across a resistor of resistance 15 ohms?
a) 200 V b) 70.71 V c) 100 V d) 33.87 V
5. Calculate the rms voltage, if the peak value of an a.c. supply is 300 V.
a) 561.4 V b) 969.2 V c) 625.1 V d) 212.1 V
6. Find out the net power consumed over a full cycle, if a 150 Ω resistor is connected to a
350 V, 100 Hz ac supply. a) 2.3 W b) 350 W c) 805 W d) 500 W
7. Calculate the value of the peak current, if the rms value of current in an ac circuit is 50
A? a) 70.7 A b) 65 A c) 50 A d) 1 A
8. What is the general expression of a sinusoidal signal?
a) A(t) = Am sin(ωt – Φ) b) A(t) = sin(ωt + Φ)
c) A(t) = Am sin(ωt + Φ) d) A(t) = 2Am sin(ωt + Φ)
9. Find the true statement.
a) Length of the phasor must be greater than the peak value of alternating voltage or
alternating current
b) When the current reaches its maximum value after emf becomes maximum, then the
current is considered to be leading ahead of emf
c) When the emf reaches its maximum value after current becomes maximum, then the
emf is considered to be behind the current
d) Phasors for voltage and current are in the same direction when the phase angle
between voltage and current is zero
10. At what frequency will a coil, which has an inductance of 2.5 H, have a reactance of 3500
Ω? a) 700Hz b) 350 Hz c) 200 Hz d) 223 Hz
11. Determine the peak current if an inductor of inductance 500 mH is connected to an ac
source of peak emf 650 V and frequency 100 Hz
a) 1.55 A b) 2.07 A c) 7.89 A d) 9.87 A
12. Find out the rms value of current in the circuit wherein a 35 mH inductor is connected to
200 V, 70 Hz ac supply. a) 13 A b) 15 A c) 20 A d) 45 A
13. A 1.5 μF capacitor is connected to a 220 V, 50 Hz source. Find the capacitive reactance
in the circuit. a) 2120 Ω b) 21.2 Ω c) 212 Ω d) 2.12 Ω
14. A capacitor of capacitance 10 μF is connected to an oscillator giving an output voltage, E
= 10 sin ωt volt. If ω = 10 rad s-1, find the peak current in the circuit.
a) 197 mA b) 1 mA c) 179 mA d) 5 mA
15. What is the capacitive reactance of a 5 μF capacitor when it is a part of a circuit whose
frequency is 50 Hz? a) 636.6 Ω b) 1636.6 Ω c) 2636.6 Ω d) 4636.6 Ω
16. Calculate the rms value of current in the circuit wherein an 80 μF capacitor is connected
to a 100 V, 80 Hz ac supply.
a) 4 A b) 2 A c) 7 A d) 50 A
17. What will be the reactance of a capacitor at 150 Hz, if it has a reactance of 200 Ω at 50
Hz? a) 67 Ω b) 40 Ω c) 150 Ω d) 60 Ω
18. A 1.50 μF capacitor is connected to a 220 V, 50 Hz source. If the frequency is doubled,
what happens to the capacitive reactance?
a) Remains the same b) Doubled c) Halved d) Becomes zero
19. Which among the following is the correct expression for finding capacitive reactance for
an ac circuit containing capacitor only?
a) Xc = 2πf b) Xc = 12πfC c) Xc = 2πfC d) Xc = 2πfC
20. Determine the impedance of a series LCR-circuit if the reactance of C and L are 250 Ω
and 220 Ω respectively and R is 40 Ω.
a) 250 Ω b) 150 Ω c) 50 Ω d) 80 Ω
21. An inductor coil joined to a 6 V battery draws a steady current of 12 A. This coil is
connected in series to a capacitor and ac source of alternating emf 6 V. If the current in
the circuit is in phase with the emf, find the rms current.
a) 12 A b) 15 A c) 25 A d) 19 A
22. A resistor of 50 Ω, an inductor of 20/π H and a capacitor of 5/π μF are connected in series
to a voltage supply of 230 V – 50 Hz. Find the impedance of the circuit.
a) 150 Ω b) 250 Ω c) 350 Ω d) 50 Ω
23. A series circuit with L = 0.12 H, C = 0.48 mF and R = 25 Ω is connected to a 220 V
variable frequency power supply. At what frequency is the circuit current maximum?
a) 79 Hz b) 19 Hz c) 21 Hz d) 93 Hz
24. A capacitor, resistor of 10 Ω, and an inductor of 70 mH are in series with an ac source
marked 120 V, 70 Hz. If it is found that voltage is in phase with the current, then find out
the impedance of the circuit. a) 5 Ω b) 10 Ω c) 100 Ω d) 900 Ω
25. When are the voltage and current in LCR-series ac circuit in phase?
a) XL = XC b) XL > XC c) XL < XC d) Indeterminant
26. If the frequency of the ac source in a series LCR-circuit is increased, how does the
current in the circuit change? a) Decreases then increase b) Increases then decrease c)
Becomes zero d) Remains constant
27. Identify the expression for average power.
a) Pav=(VoIo/2)sinΦ b) Pav=(VoIo/2)cosΦ c) Pav=(VoIo/4)cosΦ d) Pav=2VoIosinΦ
28. What is the power factor in a pure inductive or capacitive circuit?
a) -1 b) 0 c) 1 d) Infinity
29. The power in an AC circuit contains an inductor of 30 mH, a capacitor of 300 μF, a
resistor of 70 Ω, and an AC source of 24 V, 60 Hz. Calculate the energy dissipated in the
circuit in 1000 s. a) 8.22 J b) 8.22 × 102 J c) 8.22 × 103 J d) 82.2 × 103 J
30. Find the true statement.
a) When a resistor is connected to an inductor, the electric current in the circuit undergoes
LC oscillations
b) When a resistor is connected to a capacitor, the electric current in the circuit undergoes
LC oscillations
c) When a charged capacitor is connected to an inductor, the electric current in the circuit
and charge on the capacitor undergoes LC oscillations
d) When a charged capacitor is connected to an inductor, only the electric current in the
circuit undergoes LC oscillations
31. A capacitor of capacitance 5μF is charged to a potential difference of 20V. After that, it
is connected across an inductor of inductance 0.5 mH. What is the current flowing in the
circuit at a time when the potential difference across the capacitor is 10 V?
a) 1 A b) 2 A c) 5 A d) 0.5 A
32. Which among the following is true about transformers?
a) Transformers are used to convert low alternating voltage to a high alternating voltage
b) Transformers are used to convert low alternating current to a high alternating current
c) Transformers are based on the phenomena of mutual electric field
d) Transformers are used only for low alternating voltage
33. A transformer has an efficiency of 60% and works at 5kW. If the secondary voltage is
150 V, then what is the secondary current? a) 10 A b) 20 A c) 30 A d) 40 A
34. A transformer is used to light 100 W 25 volt lamp from 250 Volt ac mains. The current in
the main cable is 0.5 A. Calculate the efficiency of the transformer.
a) 50% b) 60% c) 90% d) 80%
35. In a step-down transformer, the number of turns in the secondary coil is 20 and the
number of turns in the primary coil is 100. If the voltage applied to the primary coil is
120 V, then what is the voltage output from the secondary coil?
a) 24 V b) 12 V c) 6 V d) 18 V
1. Answer: c
Explanation: The maximum voltage generated in the coil,
e0 = nBAω = nBA × (2πv) = 100 × 0.01 × 0.1 × 2π × 0.5 = 0.314 V
2. Answer: b
Explanation: e0 = nBAω
e0 = 1000 × 0.04 × 3 × 60 = 7200 V.
The maximum current drawn = e0/R=7200/500
I = 14.4 A
3. Answer: b
Explanation: A rectangular coil consisting of a large number of turns of copper-wound
over a soft iron core is called the armature. The soft iron core is used to increase the
magnetic flux.
4. Answer: b
Explanation: E = E0 sinωt.
Erms = E0/√2 = 100/√2 = 70.71 V
5. Answer: d
Explanation: E0 = 300 V
Erms = 0.707 E0
Erms = 0.707 × 300
Erms = 212.1 V
6. Answer: c
Explanation: Irms = Erms/R.
Irms = 350/150
Irms = 2.3 A.
Pav = Erms Irms
Pav = 350 × 2.3
Pav = 805 W
7. Answer: a
Explanation: Irms = 50 A.
I0 = √2 Irms
I0 = 1.414 × 50
I0 = 70.7 A
Therefore, the peak current is 70.7 A.
8. Answer: c
Explanation: A sinusoidal signal is a mathematical curve that describes a smooth periodic
oscillation. The general expression of a sinusoidal signal is given as follows:
A(t) = Am sin⁡(ωt + Φ)
Where ➔ Am = Peak Amplitude, ω = Angular Frequency, Φ = Phase Shift.
9. Answer: d
Explanation: The phasors for voltage and current are in the same direction at all times
when the phase angle between voltage and current is zero. All the other statements are
not valid. Length of the phasor must be equal to the peak value of alternating voltage or
alternating current. Also, when the current reaches its maximum value after emf becomes
 maximum, then the current is considered to be lagging behind the emf and when the emf
reaches its maximum value after current becomes maximum, then the emf is considered
to lead the current.
10. Answer: d
Explanation: f = XL/2πL
f = 3500/(2×3.14×2.5)
f = 222.9 Hz ≈ 223 Hz
Therefore, the frequency of a coil having reactance of 3500 Ω is 223 Hz.
11. Answer: b
Explanation: Peak current (I0) = E0/XL
I0 = 650/(2×3.14×100×0.5)
I0 = 2.07 A
Therefore, the peak current is calculated as 2.07 A.
12. Answer: a
Explanation: XL = 2π f L
XL = 2π × 70 × 35 × 10-3 Ω.
Irms = Erms/XL=200/(2π×70×35×10−3)
Irms = 12.99 A ≈ 13 A
Therefore, the rms value of current in the circuit is 13 A.
13. Answer: c
Explanation: Xc = 1/2πfC
Xc = 1/(2×3.14×50×1.50×10−6)
Xc = 212 Ω
14. Answer: b
Explanation: I0 = E0/(1/ωC)
I0 = ωCE0.
I0 = 10 × 10 × 10-6 × 10
I0 = 10-3A = 1 mA.
15. Answer: a
Explanation: Xc = 1/2πfC
Xc = 1/(2×3.14×50×5×10−6)
Xc = 636.6 Ω.
16. Answer: a
Explanation: Xc = 1/2πfC
Xc = 1/(2×3.14×80×80×10−6)
Xc = 24.8 Ω.
Irms = Erms/XC
Irms = 100/24.8
Irms = 4.03 A ≈ 4 A.
17. Answer: a
Explanation: X′C/XC=f/f′
Xc = (50×200)/(150)
Xc = 66.7 Ω ≈ 67 Ω
18. Answer: c
Explanation: When the frequency is doubled, the capacitive reactance will be halved.
This is because the capacitive reactance (Xc) is inversely proportional to the frequency
(f). This is the effect of capacitive reactance on frequency.
19. Answer: b
Explanation: For an ac circuit containing capacitor only,
Xc = 1/ωC
Xc = 1/2πfC.
20. Answer: c
Explanation: Z = √(R2 + (XL – XC)2
Z = √402 + (220 – 250)2
Z = 50 Ω.s
21. Answer: a
Explanation: R = V/I=6/12 = 0.5 Ω.
Impedance = Z = R = 0.5 Ω,
Irms = Erms/Z
Irms = 6/0.5
Irms = 12 A.
22. Answer: d
Explanation: XL = 2πfL
XL = 2π × 50 × (20/π) = 2000 Ω.
XC = 1/2πfC
XC = 2000 Ω.
Z = √(R2 + (XL – XC)2
Z = √502 + (2000 – 2000)2
Z = 50 Ω.
23. Answer: c
Explanation: fr = 1/(2πLC√)
fr = 1/(2×3.14×0.12√×0.48×10−3)
fr = 21Hz.
24. Answer: b
Explanation: XC = XL.
C = 1/4π2f2L
C = 1×7×7/(4×22×22×702×70×10−3)
C = 7.37 × 10-5 F.
Impedance (Z) = √(R2 + (XL – XC)2
Z = 10 Ω.
25. Answer: a
Explanation: When XL = XC, the resultant vector for net reactance will be zero and the
value of θ will also be zero. Hence, when current and voltage will be in the same phase, it
is called as a purely resistive circuit and in this case the peak current will be maximum.
26. Answer: b
Explanation: With the increase in frequency, the current in a series LCR circuit
 undergoes a series of changes, i.e. the current in a series LCR-circuit first increases,
attains a maximum value (at f = fr) and then decreases.
27. Answer: b
Explanation: Average power can be defined as the power averaged over one full cycle of
alternating current. It is also known as true power. The expression for average power is
given by:
Pav=VrmsIrmscos⁡Φ=(VoIo/2)cosΦ
28. Answer: b
Explanation: A circuit which contains only inductance is called a pure inductive circuit
and a circuit containing only a pure capacitor is known as a pure capacitive circuit. In a
pure inductive circuit or a pure capacitive circuit, the current is lagging or ahead by 90
degrees from the voltage. The power factor is the cosine of the angle between the voltage
and the current. Therefore:
Φ = π/2 ➔ Power factor (cosπ/2)=0
29.

30. Answer: c
Explanation: When we are connecting a charged capacitor to an inductor, the electric
current in the circuit and charge on the capacitor undergoes LC oscillations. All the
others are incorrect statements regarding LC Oscillations.
31.

32. Answer: a
Explanation: Transformers are used to convert low alternating voltage to a high
alternating voltage and vice versa. Transformers are based on the phenomena of mutual
induction. A transformer consists of a soft iron coil with two coils wound around it which
are not connected to one another. The other statements are not valid.
33. Answer: b
Explanation: Given: efficiency (η) = 60%; Input power (Pi) = 5 kW = 5000 W; VS = 150
V
Efficiency (η)=Outputpower(Po)/Inputpower(Pi)=VsIs/VpIp
60/100=Po/5000
Po=60×5000/100=3000 W
Thus,
Is=Po/Vs=3000/150=20 A
Therefore, the current in the secondary coil is 20 A.
34. Answer: d
Explanation: Given: Output power (Po) = 100 W; Ip = 0.5 A; Vp = 250 V
Input power (Pi) = Vp × Ip
Pi = 250 × 0.5 = 125 W
Efficiency = (Outputpower/Inputpower) × 100%
 Efficiency = (100/125) × 100
Efficiency = 80
Therefore, the efficiency of the transformer is 80%.
35. Answer: a
Explanation: Given: Ns = 20; Np = 100; Vp = 120 V
For a step-down transformer ➔ Ns/Np=Vs/Vp
Vs=Ns×VP/Np
Vs=20×120/100
Vs=24 V
Therefore, the voltage output from the secondary coil is 24 V.