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Alternating Current

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17 views52 pages

Alternating Current

Uploaded by

realinsane10
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ALTERNATING

CURRENT
ALTERNATING QUANTITY:
An alternating quantity (current i or voltage V) is one whose magnitude changes
continuously with time between zero and a maximum value and whose direction
reverses periodically.

TYPES OF CURRENT:
AVERAGE VALUE OF CURRENT & VOLTAGE:
If 𝑖 = 4𝑡 3 + 2𝑡, find 𝑖𝑎𝑣𝑔 in 2 sec.
Find 𝑖𝑎𝑣𝑔
EQUATION OF A.C i and V:
𝑖𝑎𝑣𝑔 VALUES:
ROOT MEAN SQUARE (R.M.S) VALUES FOR A.C:
It is defined as that value of steady current, which would generate the same amount
of heat in a given resistance in a given time, as is done by a.c, when passed through
the same resistance for same time.

The r.m.s value is also called effective value of a.c or virtual value of a.c. It is
represented by 𝑖𝑟𝑚𝑠 .
Let an alternating current is represented by

Let this current flow through a resistance R. In a small time dt, the amount of heat
produced is resistance R is

In one complete cycle (time 0 to T), the total amount of heat produced in the
resistance R is
If r.m.s value of a.c is represented by 𝑖𝑟𝑚𝑠
then, amount of heat produced in the same
resistance R in same time T would be
The electric mains in a house are marked 220 V, 50 Hz. Write down the equation for
instantaneous voltage

The peak value of an alternating voltage applied to a 50 Ω resistance is 10 V. Find


𝑖𝑟𝑚𝑠 . If the voltage frequency is 100 Hz. Write down equation for the instantaneous
current.
If the effective value of current in 50 Hz a.c circuit is 5.0 A, what is (a) the peak
value of current (b) the mean value of current over half a cycle and (c) the value of
current 1/300 sec after it was zero?
H.W:
An alternating voltage given by V = 140sin314t is connected across 50 Ω. Find a the
frequency of the source (b) the rms current through the resistor. (ans = 50 Hz,1.98A)

An alternating emf of peak value 350 V is applied across an a.c. ammeter of


resistance 100 Ω. What is the reading of ammeter? (ans = 2.47A)

The effective value of current in a 50 cycle a.c. circuit is 5A. What is the value of
current 1/300 second after it was zero? (ans = 6.123 A)

The peak value of an alternating current of frequency 50 Hz is 14.14 A. Find its rms
value. How much time will the current take in reaching from 0 to maximum value?
(ans = 10 A, 5 m/s)
PHASOR DIAGRAM:
Generally, currents and voltages in ac circuits are represented by phasors or
anticlockwise rotating vectors.
The length of arrow represents peak value of quantity and its projection on x or y –
axis gives its instantaneous value.
Q. Draw phasor for 𝑖 = 𝑖𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡.
PHASOR DIFFERENCE:
PURE RESISTIVE CIRCUIT:
PHASOR DIAGRAM
WAVE DIAGRAM
PURE INDUCTIVE CIRCUIT:
PHASOR DIAGRAM
WAVE DIAGRAM
PURE CAPACITIVE CIRCUIT:
PHASOR DIAGRAM
WAVE DIAGRAM
A 100 Hz a.c. is flowing in a 14 mH coil. Find its reactance

Find the maximum value of current when an inductance of one henry is connected
to an a.c source of 200 volts, 50 Hz.

A coil has an inductance of 1 H. (a) at what frequency will it have a reactance of 3142
Ω? (b) What should be the capacity of a capacitor which has the same reactance at
that frequency?
H.W:
An inductance of negligible resistance, whose reactance is 22 Ω at 200 Hz is
connected to a 220 V, 50 Hz power line. What is the value of inductance and
reactance? (ans = 0.0175 H, 5.5 Ω)

A coil of self inductance has inductive reactance of 88 Ω. Calculate the self


inductance of the coil if the frequency is 50 Hz (ans = 0.28 H)

Find the maximum current through an inductance of 2 H connected to an a.c. source


of 150 V, 50 Hz. (ans = 0.337 A)

A 1.5𝜇𝐹 capacitor has a capacitive reactance of 12 Ω. What is the frequency of the


source? If the frequency of the source is doubled, what will be the capacitive
reactance? (ans = 8846 Hz, 6Ω)

A capacitor of capacitance 10𝜇𝐹 is connected to an oscillator giving an output


voltage 𝑉 = 10𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜔𝑡 v. If 𝜔 = 10 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠, find peak current in circuit (ans = 1 mA)
AC VOLTAGE APPLIED TO LCR CIRCUIT:
20 5
A resistor of 50 Ω, an inductor of H and a capacitor of 𝜇𝐹. are connected in
𝜋 𝜋
series to a voltage source 230 V, 50 Hz. Find the impedance of the circuit.
What will be the readings in the voltmeter and ammeter of circuit shown in fig.?
A resistor of 12 Ω, a capacitor of reactance 14 Ω and a pure inductor of inductance
0.1 H are joined in series and placed across a 200 v, 50 Hz a.c. supply. Calculate
(a) The current in the circuit
(b) the phase angle between the current and the voltage (take 𝜋 = 3)
H.W:
An LCR series circuit with L = 100 mH, C = 100 𝜇𝐹, R = 120 Ω is connected to an a.c
source of emf 𝐸 = 30 sin 100𝑡 v. Find impedance, peak current and resonant
frequency of the circuit [ans = 150 Ω, 0.2 A, 50 Hz]

Find the capacitive reactance of 10 𝜇𝐹 capacitor at 100 cycles/s. Calculate the


inductance required to produce series resonance with the capacitor at this
frequency. [ans = 15.92 Ω, 2.534 × 10−3 𝐻]

A resistance of 2 Ω, coil of inductance 0.01 H are connected with a capacitor and put
across a 200 V, 50 Hz supply Calculate (1) the capacitance of the capacitor so that
the circuit resonates (2) the current and voltage across the capacitor at resonance
(take 𝜋 = 3) (ans = 1.11 mF, 100 A, 300.3 V)
RESONANCE IN LCR CIRCUIT:
POWER IN AC CIRCUIT:
The ratio of number of turns in the primary and secondary windings of a step up
transformer is 1 : 200. It is connected to a.c. mains of 200 V. Calculate (1) voltage
developed in secondary (2) the current in the secondary when primary current is 2
A
A step up transformer operates on 220 V line and supplies a load of 5 A. The ratio of
turns of primary and secondary windings is 1:20. Calculate (1) voltage across
secondary (2) the current in primary (3) power output
A step down transformer converts a voltage 2200 V into 220 V in the transmission
line. Number of turns in primary is 5000. Efficiency of transformer is 90 % and
output power is 8 kW. Calculate (1) number of turns in secondary (2) input power

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