PURPOSIVE COMMUNICATION

LESSON 3: COMMUNICATION MODEL

BS RADTECH | REVIEWER | PROFESSOR: MRS. ROMANA ALIPID

MODEL 2. Interactive Model of

Communication
- visual presentation, structure of
- convergence model
diagram, conceptual framework,
- a process in which the
guide or pattern, graphical or
participants position as sender
abstract, model of communication
and receiver can generate
process.
meaning by sending messages
- representation of a real-world
and receiving feedback.
phenomenon applied to different
- receiver can also send a
forms.
message.
- interplay of variables in a model is
represented graphically. NOISE

SOURCE MESSAGE RECEIVER

COMMUNICATION MODEL
ENCODER FEEDBACK DECODER
- a concept
CHANNEL

- conceptual model used to

explain the human 3. Transactional Model of
communication process. Communication
- circular model of communication.
- only by knowing the flow of - exchange of message between
communication that one can the sender and receiver where
understand how the process each take turns to send and
works and how to make the receive messages.
communication process effective. - can’t stop unless the transaction
is done or stop.
THREE TYPES OF COMMUNICATION MODEL - continuous until finish.

1. Linear Model of
NOISE
Communication SOURCE MESSAGE RECEIVER
- one way process
- the sender or source transmit a ENCODER FEEDBACK ENCODER
message which the receiver
CHANNEL
absorbs.
NOISE

SOURCE RECEIVER
ENCODER MESSAGE DECODER

CHANNEL

lacks feedback because it can’t give feedback. only

within the receiver.

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 MODELS OF COMMUNICATION Perceptual Dimension and Means &
Control Dimension
- serves as a visual depiction of the
communication process,
conveying ideas, thoughts, or
concepts through diagrams and
other means.

DIFFERENT KINDS OF MODEL

LASSWELL’S MODEL

- was proposed by Harold D.

Lasswell in 1948. SHANNON-WEAVER MODEL OF
- linear model because there is no COMMUNICATION
feedback
- one of the most famous models of
Five Fundamental Questions: Who, communication.
said what, through which channel, to
whom, with what effects? - in 1948, Shannon and Weaver
joined together to write an article
in Bell System Technical Journal
called A Mathematical Theory of
Communication, also called as
Shannon-Weaver Model of
Communication.

- they developed this mathematical

communication theory to describe
how communication occurs
GEBNER’S MODEL OF COMMUNICATION between the receivers. sender
and receiver.
- general communication model
developed by George Gerbner in - they also find factors which
1956. affecting the communication
process called noise.
- emphasizes the dynamic nature
of human communication and the - linear to transactional model
various factors that influence
communication reliability.

- extension of Laswell’s
communication model.

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1. Information Source (Sender) - 1. Source
the one who create the message. - communication skills
- attitudes
2. Transmitter (Encoder) - the - knowledge
element that translates the - social system
message into a signal - culture

3. Channel - the way the signal is 2. Message

delivered/carried. - content
- elements
4. Reception (Decoder) - the - treatment
reception place of the signal - structure
which converts signals into - code
message.
3. Channel
5. Destination (Receiver) - the - hearing
destination of the message from - seeing
sender. - touching
- smelling
6. Noise - it interrupts a message - tasting
while it’s on the way from the
sender to the receive 4. Receiver
- communication skills
BERLO’S SMCR
- attitudes
- proposed by David Berlo in - knowledge
1960. - social system
- culture
- effective communication occurs
BARNLUND’S TRANSACTIONAL MODEL
when the sender of a message
and its receiver are on the same - proposed by Dean C. Barnlund
level or are roughly similar in 1970.
- basic interpersonal
- can be considered linear. communication which articulates
that sending and receiving of
message happens
simultaneously between people.

- Barnlund’s Transactional Model is

a multi-layered feedback system.

- transactional.

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Components of Barnlund's Model: c. Speech Act - refers to instance of
communication in the model.
1. Public Cues (Cpu) - physical,
environmental or artificial and
d. Filters - the realities of people
natural or man-made.
engaged in communication. The
senders’ and receivers’ personal
2. Private Cues (Cpr) - also known
filters might differ according to
as private objects of orientation
cultures, traditions, content of the
which include senses of a person.
message, etc.
Both these cues can be verbal as
well as non-verbal.
e. Noise - problem that arises in
communication flow and disturbs
3. Behavioural Cues
the message flow.
• Verbal (Cbehv)
• Non-Verbal (Cbehnv) Advantages:

→ The model shows shared

field experience of the
sender and receiver.

→ Transactional model talks

about simultaneous
message sending, noise
and feedback.

→ Barnlund’s model is taken

by critics as the most
systematic model of
communication.
a. Jagged Lines - show that the
availability of cues can be
unlimited and are denoted Disadvantages:
as VVVV.
→ Barnlund’s model is very
b. Valence Signs - +,0 and – are complex.
also attached to these types of
cues which illustrates the → Both the sender and
amount/degree/strength of receiver must understand
attractiveness of the cues in the the codes sent by the
message. other. So, they must each
possess a similar “code
book”

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 HELICAL MODEL Components:

- in 1967, Frank Dance proposed 1. Empty Cells - unavailable

the communication model called messages or sources.
Dance’s Helix Model for a better 2. Vertical Layers – set of similar
communication process. messages.
3. Receivers – go through the cells
- depicts communication as a in loops.
dynamic and continuous process
that progresses as one gains
experience and vocabulary

- transactional.

- non-repetitive. accumulating.

WILBUR OSGOOD-SCHRAMM’S MODEL OF

COMMUNICATION

- proposed by Wilbur Schramm in

1954 changing Osgood’s theory
of meaning into the Circular
BECKER’S MOSAIC MODEL OF Model of Communication.
COMMUNICATION
- implies that both the sender and
- Samuel L. Becker, receiver continually share
communication model proposed information and ideas
in “The Prospect of Rhetoric” in
1968. - interactive but can also be
transactional depending on how
- illustrates the complexity of they communicate.
communication.
Major Elements in this Model:
- claims that communication is
→ Encoder
dynamic.
→ Decoder
→ Message
- transactional.
This model indicates that
communication is:

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 → not linear, but circular.

→ reciprocal and equal.

→ messages are based on

interpretations.

→ it involves encoding, decoding,

and interpreting

WESTLEY AND MACLEAN’S CONCEPTUAL MODEL

- proposed in the year 1957 by

Bruce Westley and Malcolm S.
MacLean Jr.

- according to Westley and

Maclean they created with mass
media in mind.

- communication does not begin

when one person starts to talk,
but rather when a person
responds selectively to his/her
surroundings.

- interactive

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