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You are on page 1/ 24

LESSON OBJECTIVES: At the

end of the lesson the student


should be able to:
a. Discuss that waves carry ;
b. relate the characteristics of
waves and
c. Differentiate transverse
from longitudinal waves
correctly.
Siargao, Baler, and La Union, What
is the first thing you have in mind
whenever you hear these places?
Is it the huge water waves?
How about surfing?
These places are dubbed as the surfing
capitals of the Philippines because of
the perfect formation and height of
waves in their waters.
Waves and Wave Properties
Why are we able to see?
Answer: Because there is light.

And…what is light?
Answer: Light is a wave.
also sound is a wave
So…what is a wave?
Answer: A wave is a disturbance
that carries energy from place to
place.
A wave does NOT carry matter with
it! It just moves the matter as it goes
through it.
Some waves do not need matter
(called a “medium”) to be able to
move (for example, through space).

These are called electromagnetic


waves (or EM waves).

Some waves MUST have a medium


in order to move. These are called
mechanical waves.
Wave Types
1. Transverse waves: Waves in which the medium
moves at right angles to the direction of the wave
Parts of transverse waves:
Crest: the highest point of the wave
Trough: the lowest point of the wave
2. Compressional (or longitudinal) waves:
Waves in which the medium moves back and
forth in the same direction as the wave
Parts of longitudinal waves:
Compression: where the particles are close together
Rarefraction: where the particles are spread apart
Wave Properties
1. Wavelength: The distance between one point
on a wave and the exact same place on the
next wave.
2. Frequency: How many waves go past a point
in one second; unit of measurement is hertz (Hz).

The higher the frequency, the more energy in the


wave.
10 waves going past in 1 second = 10 Hz
1,000 waves go past in 1 second = 1,000 Hz
1 million waves going past = 1 million Hz
3. Amplitude: How far the medium moves from
rest position (where it is when not moving).
Remember that for transverse waves, the highest
point is the crest, and the lowest point is the trough.
Remember that for compressional waves, the
points where the medium is close together are
called compressions and the areas where the
medium is spread apart are called rarefactions.
The closer together and further apart the
particles are, the larger the amplitude.

compression

rarefaction
4. Wave speed: Depends on the medium in
which the wave is traveling. It varies in
solids, liquids and gases.
A mathematical way to calculate speed:
wave speed = wavelength x frequency
OR (in meters) (in Hz)

v=f x ‫ג‬

Problem: If a wave has a wavelength of 2 m and a frequency of 500 Hz,


what is its speed?

Answer: speed = 2 m x 500 Hz = 1000 m/s


Changing Wave Direction
1. Reflection: When waves bounce off a surface.

If the surface is flat, the angle at which the


wave hits the surface will be the same as the
angle at which it leaves the surface
(angle in = angle out).

This is the law of reflection.


2. Refraction: Waves can bend.

This happens when a wave


enters a new medium and its
SPEED CHANGES.

The amount of bending


depends on the medium it is
entering.
3. Diffraction: The bending of waves AROUND
an object.

The amount of bending depends on the size of


the obstacle and the size of the waves.

Large obstacle, small wavelength = low diffraction


Small obstacle, large wavelength = large diffraction

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