Bangash 2019
Bangash 2019
Hammad Ahmed
Faculty of Electrical Engineering
G.I.K Institute
Swabi, Pakistan
gee1818@giki.edu.pk
Abstract—A millimeter wave microstrip patch antenna and its current time.
array for 5G applications is proposed. The 5G Microstrip patch There are certain parameters that evaluate the performance
is designed on rogers RT Duroid 5880 substrate with standard of an antenna like bandwidth, matching, radiation efficiency,
thickness 0.787 mm having relative dielectric constant (r ) = 2.2
and tan δ = 0.0013. The antenna resonates at 24.85 GHz with a return loss, gain etc. [1]. A good performance antenna has
return loss -19.5 dB and a bandwidth 1.318 GHz. An array of 1x4 greater bandwidth, high gain, good matching properties, high
element of the proposed antenna is designed using tapered line radiation efficiency, low return loss and VSWR ≈ 1. While
feeding. The antenna array resonants at four different frequencies designing the patch antennas, the important considerations are
i.e. 23.2 GHz, 27.09 GHz, 31 GHz and 42.5 GHz. Appreciable the following
improvement in gain is observed with the array of antennas. The
antenna and its array can be used for 5G mobile communication • Size and shape of the patch
because of its compactness. • Size and shape of the slots
Index Terms—microstrip patch, bandwidth, 5G, antenna array,
Tapered line feedng. • Type of feeding technique
• Substrate thickness and permittivity
I. I NTRODUCTION • Number of substrate layers and number of patches
Wireless technology has skyrocketed over a past decade Over the past two decades micro strip patch antennas has
or so. Everyone is using mobile phones, tablets, Wi-Fi and attracted researchers because of being low profile and smaller
PC’s for conducting research, for playing online games, for in size [4]. Their fabrication is easy and are generally more
watching videos and business purposes. Every user demands compact than other antennas [5]. Because of being light
higher date rates so the ultimate problem that service provider weight and compact, they are used in cellular phones for
will face is bandwidth shortage [1]. Today cellular phones and mobile communications. Though 5G will provide better data
other wireless devices operates at lower frequency of below rates, better coverage, less power consumption and greater
8 GHz, so a cell tower capacity is limited even with using bandwidth. However, there are certain challenges associated
today’s 4G LTE technology. The only way out is apparently with 5G. At higher frequencies and shorter wavelength, the
using millimeter range frequency of above 20 GHz. Then so signals can penetrate through walls easily and will result
much bandwidth will be available to users and problem of in some attenuation if line of sight communication is not
shortage of spectrum will be solved, thus leading to providing used between transmitter and receiver. Another disadvantage is
greater data rates to the consumers of the next generation [2], that at higher frequencies and smaller wavelengths fabrication
[3]. The tentative frequency band for 5G is 24-28 GHz. So becomes difficult [6]. To avoid the fabrication complexity,
far 4G can provide data rates as high as upto 20Mbps. But mostly single band microstrip patch antennas are designed for
5G will provide data rates up to 1Gbps. So designing a good 5G applications. In [3] a simple Microstrip patch antenna
performance antenna for future 5G applications is the need of is designed on Rogers RT Duroid 5880 which resonates at
Fig. 4. VSWR plot for 5G antenna and 5G antenna array in the 20-45 GHz
TABLE III
GAIN OF PROPOSED 5G ANTENNA AND ITS ARRAY
D. Current distribution
Surface current distribution for conventional 5G patch an-
tenna and 5G antenna array is shown in Fig.6 and Fig.7. It can
be seen that at resonant frequency, the conventional 5G patch
antenna has most of the radiation from the patch. Similar is the
case at resonant frequencies for 5G antenna array. The current
is more concentrated at patches array, hence greater radiation
comes from patch which confirms impedance matching at
these frequencies as evident from (a) and (b) of Fig. 7. At
31 GHz i.e. (c) there are some mismatch losses and hence
current distribution in patch is relatively less. Fig. 6. Current distribution plot for 5G antenna at 24.8 GHz
Fig. 11. Farfield 3D gain plot at 31 GHz for a) 5G antenna b) 5G antenna
array
Fig. 7. Current distribution plot for 5G antenna array at a)23 GHz b)27.09
GHZ c)31 GHz
Fig. 12. 3D polar gain pattern for E-field and H-field for 5G antenna at 24.8
GHz
Fig. 13. 3D polar gain pattern for E-field and H-field for 5G antenna array
at 23 GHz
Fig. 9. Farfield 3D gain plot at 24.8 GHz for a) 5G antenna b)5G antenna
array
Fig. 14. 3D polar gain pattern for E-field and H-field for 5G antenna array
at 27 GHz