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Ist International Conference on Electrical, Communication and Computer Engineering (ICECCE-2019) 24-25 July 2019, Swat, Pakistan

Design of a Millimeter Wave Microstrip Patch


Antenna and Its Array for 5G Applications
Kifayatullah Bangash, M.Mahmood Ali, Husnul Maab,
Faculty of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Electrical Engineering
G.I.K Institute G.I.K Institute G.I.K Institute
Swabi, Pakistan Swabi, Pakistan Swabi, Pakistan
Kifayatbangash1681@yahoo.com m.ali@giki.edu.pk maab@giki.edu.pk

Hammad Ahmed
Faculty of Electrical Engineering
G.I.K Institute
Swabi, Pakistan
gee1818@giki.edu.pk

Abstract—A millimeter wave microstrip patch antenna and its current time.
array for 5G applications is proposed. The 5G Microstrip patch There are certain parameters that evaluate the performance
is designed on rogers RT Duroid 5880 substrate with standard of an antenna like bandwidth, matching, radiation efficiency,
thickness 0.787 mm having relative dielectric constant (r ) = 2.2
and tan δ = 0.0013. The antenna resonates at 24.85 GHz with a return loss, gain etc. [1]. A good performance antenna has
return loss -19.5 dB and a bandwidth 1.318 GHz. An array of 1x4 greater bandwidth, high gain, good matching properties, high
element of the proposed antenna is designed using tapered line radiation efficiency, low return loss and VSWR ≈ 1. While
feeding. The antenna array resonants at four different frequencies designing the patch antennas, the important considerations are
i.e. 23.2 GHz, 27.09 GHz, 31 GHz and 42.5 GHz. Appreciable the following
improvement in gain is observed with the array of antennas. The
antenna and its array can be used for 5G mobile communication • Size and shape of the patch
because of its compactness. • Size and shape of the slots
Index Terms—microstrip patch, bandwidth, 5G, antenna array,
Tapered line feedng. • Type of feeding technique
• Substrate thickness and permittivity
I. I NTRODUCTION • Number of substrate layers and number of patches
Wireless technology has skyrocketed over a past decade Over the past two decades micro strip patch antennas has
or so. Everyone is using mobile phones, tablets, Wi-Fi and attracted researchers because of being low profile and smaller
PC’s for conducting research, for playing online games, for in size [4]. Their fabrication is easy and are generally more
watching videos and business purposes. Every user demands compact than other antennas [5]. Because of being light
higher date rates so the ultimate problem that service provider weight and compact, they are used in cellular phones for
will face is bandwidth shortage [1]. Today cellular phones and mobile communications. Though 5G will provide better data
other wireless devices operates at lower frequency of below rates, better coverage, less power consumption and greater
8 GHz, so a cell tower capacity is limited even with using bandwidth. However, there are certain challenges associated
today’s 4G LTE technology. The only way out is apparently with 5G. At higher frequencies and shorter wavelength, the
using millimeter range frequency of above 20 GHz. Then so signals can penetrate through walls easily and will result
much bandwidth will be available to users and problem of in some attenuation if line of sight communication is not
shortage of spectrum will be solved, thus leading to providing used between transmitter and receiver. Another disadvantage is
greater data rates to the consumers of the next generation [2], that at higher frequencies and smaller wavelengths fabrication
[3]. The tentative frequency band for 5G is 24-28 GHz. So becomes difficult [6]. To avoid the fabrication complexity,
far 4G can provide data rates as high as upto 20Mbps. But mostly single band microstrip patch antennas are designed for
5G will provide data rates up to 1Gbps. So designing a good 5G applications. In [3] a simple Microstrip patch antenna
performance antenna for future 5G applications is the need of is designed on Rogers RT Duroid 5880 which resonates at

978-1-7281-3825-1/19/$31.00 Copyright © 2019 IEEE


TABLE I
CONVENTIONAL MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA DIMENSIONS

Parameter discription value(mm)


Ls length of substrate 10
Ws width of substrate 10
Lp length of patch 3.4
Wp width of patch 4
t height of ground 0.0175
Wf width of feedline 2.2
Wq width of quarter wavelength 0.4
Lq length of quarter wavelength 2.8626
l length of feedline 0.9374

copper has height 0.0175mm. The 5G microstrip patch antenna


resonates at 24.85 GHz range. Quarter wavelength transformer
is used for achieving good matching. The parameters for
proposed 5G antenna are listed in Table I. The well known
equations for Microstrip patch antennas are the following:
• Width of the patch
r
Fig. 1. Dimensions of conventional micro-strip patch antenna with quarter c 2
wavelength feedline
Wp = (1)
2f0 εr + 1
• Length of the patch
frequencies 38 GHz and 54 GHz with return loss −15.5dB Lp = Lef f − ∆L (2)
and −12 dB and bandwidth 1.94 GHz and 2 GHz respectively
. In [7] FR-4 substrate is used and the antenna has resonant • Effective Dielectric Constant
frequency 10.15 GHz with gain 4.46dBi and return loss of εr + 1 εr − 1 1
εref f = + (3)
−18.27 dB. The antenna is having a bandwidth in the range
q
2 2 1 + 12 h
Wp
9.95 − 10.35GHz. In [8] the results of two contacting feeding
techniques i.e coaxial and microstrip feedline were compared • Extension in length
and it was showed that coaxial feed yields a greater bandwidth  
W

but the microstrip feedline has better return loss and gain.In (εref f + 0.3) hp + 0.264
∆L = 0.412h   (4)
[9] double F slots were designed on patch and gain, return loss

W
(εref f − 0.258) hp + 0.8
and efficiency were improved. In [10] two rectangular patch
and one T shaped patch dual band Microstrip 5G antenna was where h is the height of substrate
designed with one narrow bandwidth (5.1%) and other wide • Effective Length
bandwidth (60.6 %) was obtained. c
In this paper, a microstrip patch antenna and its array is Lef f = √ (5)
2f0 εref f
proposed for future 5G applications. The proposed antenna
has a low profile compact structure with dimensions 10×10× • length of Substrate
0.787mm. It operates in the 24.18-25.508 GHz which falls in Ls = 6h + Lp (6)
the 5G range. The antenna is very compact and suitalbe to
be installed in cellular phones where space is the main issue. • Width of Substrate
CST microwave studio was used for the simulation and design Ws = 6h + Wp (7)
of the proposed structure.
This paper is organized as follows. Section II presents an-
B. 5G Antenna Array
tenna design. Section III discusses simulation results. Finally
conclusion is given in section IV. Phased arrays are group of antennas placed next to each
other. Each individual antenna sends out a signal and by
II. ANTENNA DESIGN proper designing the arrays, all waveforms will constructively
or destructively interfere leading to signals adding in one
A. 5G Antenna Design direction and cancelling in other directions. In this way we
The geometry of the 5G microstrip patch antenna is shown get a narrow beam and enhance gain. Besides, enhancing
in Fig. 1. The Rogers RT Duroid 5880 substrate was used with gain phased arrays are also used for diversity reception and
thickness h = 0.787mm and εr = 2.2. The ground made from to suppress interference from undesired directions. Antenna
arrays were originally used for military applications in radar
and sonar. Now their use is prominent in satellite and mobile
communication. Here 1 × 4 array is proposed. The array is
designed using tapered line feeding. The distance between
patches is d= λ4 i.e. 3mm. Also wf2 = 2.2mm and wf1 =
0.63mm. The 5G antenna array is shown in Fig. 2. Comparison
of characteristics is made between conventional microstrip 5G
antenna and its array.
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A. Return Loss Plot:
Return loss is the measure of reflected power from the
antenna. It gives an idea about the magnitude of reflection
coefficient. The magnitude of reflection coefficient ranges from
0 to 1 where 0 means no reflected power i.e perfect matching.
The bandwidth is determined from the range of frequencies
for which |S11| < −10 dB i.e the range of frequencies for Fig. 3. Return loss plot for 5G antenna and 5G antenna array
which atleast 90% of the power is radiated by the antenna and
atmost 10% of the power is reflected from the antenna.
Return loss is given as:
Pincident
RL = 10 log (8)
Pref lected
In terms of reflection coefficient return loss is
RL(dB) = −20 log |γ| (9)
where
V−
γ= (10)
V+
The return loss plot for conventional microstrip patch antenna
and its 1 × 4 array is shown. The conventional microstrip

Fig. 4. VSWR plot for 5G antenna and 5G antenna array in the 20-45 GHz

is single band resonating at 24.8 GHz with return loss -


19.5 dB and bandwidth 1.318 GHZ (24.19-25.508 GHz).
The 5G antenna array gives us multiple bands with resonant
freqeuncies 23.2 GHz, 27.09 GHz, 31.05 GHz and 42.5 GHz.
B. VSWR
VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) has a range [1 − ∞).
If there is no reflected power from the antenna, then VSWR=
1 whereas a large value of VSWR indicates greater mismatch-
Fig. 2. Antenna array of 1x4 elements with d= 3mm, wf 1 = 0.63mm and ing.
wf 2 = 2.2mm. Vmax
V SW R = (11)
Vmin
TABLE II
RETURN LOSS OF PROPOSED 5G ANTENNA AND ITS ARRAY It is related to reflection coefficient as
Antenna 5G antenna 5G antenna array
1 + |γ|
V SW R = (12)
Resonant Frequency(GHz) 24.8 23.2 27.09 31 42.5 1 − |γ|
Return Loss(dB) −19.5 −22 −42.6 −36 −19
Bandwidth(GHz) 1.318 1.18 1.63 2.185 2.43 The conventional 5G antenna has VSWR less than 2 only for
VSWR 1.24 1.18 1.015 1.035 1.255 single band. The 5G antenna array has VSWR less than 2 at
E. Farfield 3D Polar Gain plot
The farfield polar plot for 5G antenna shows less directness
compared to antenna array. 5G antenna has Half Power beam
width (HPBW) of 68.1 degree with main lobe magnitude 6.91
dB and excellent side lobe level -17dB. The array antenna E-
Plane farfield polar plot at 23 GHz has HPBW 25.3 degree and
at 27 GHz it has HPBW 19.9 degree which indicates that the
design of array has increased gain and make antenna power
more directional.
IV. C ONCLUSION
A low-profile, compact millimeter wave microstrip patch
antenna for future 5G applications is proposed. The antenna
resonantes at single band frequency of 24.8 GHz while its
array has 4 frequency bands occurring at (23, 27.09, 31 and
42.5) GHz. All these frequency bands falls in the 5G range.
Appreciable improvement in gain is observed for 5G antenna
array in addition to some improvement in bandwidth. the
Fig. 5. Gain vs frequency plot for 5G microstrip patch antenna and 5G
5G antenna and its array can be used for future 5G mobile
antenna array communications because of compactness and small size.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
four different bands. The return loss, VSWR and bandwidth The authors are grateful to Safiullah Khan, Student member
for 5G antenna and its array are summarized in Table II IEEE for his guidance and valuable contributions.
R EFERENCES
C. Gain vs Frequency plot
[1] M. El Shorbagy, R. M. Shubair, M. I. AlHajri, and N. K. Mallat, “On the
The gain vs frequency plot and farfield 3D gain plots are design of millimetre-wave antennas for 5g,” in Microwave Symposium
shown for 5G micsrostrip patch antenna and its array. It is clear (MMS), 2016 16th Mediterranean. IEEE, 2016, pp. 1–4.
[2] T. S. Rappaport, S. Sun, R. Mayzus, H. Zhao, Y. Azar, K. Wang, G. N.
that gain of antenna array is greater than simple microstrip Wong, J. K. Schulz, M. Samimi, and F. Gutierrez Jr, “Millimeter wave
almost through the frequency range. At 23 GHz, simple 5G mobile communications for 5g cellular: It will work!” IEEE access,
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27 GHz and by 0.48 dB at 31 GHz.

TABLE III
GAIN OF PROPOSED 5G ANTENNA AND ITS ARRAY

Antenna 5G antenna 5G antenna array


Resonant Frequency(GHz) 24.8 23.2 27.09 31 42.5
Gain(dB) 6.48 12.3 13.1 9.4 8

D. Current distribution
Surface current distribution for conventional 5G patch an-
tenna and 5G antenna array is shown in Fig.6 and Fig.7. It can
be seen that at resonant frequency, the conventional 5G patch
antenna has most of the radiation from the patch. Similar is the
case at resonant frequencies for 5G antenna array. The current
is more concentrated at patches array, hence greater radiation
comes from patch which confirms impedance matching at
these frequencies as evident from (a) and (b) of Fig. 7. At
31 GHz i.e. (c) there are some mismatch losses and hence
current distribution in patch is relatively less. Fig. 6. Current distribution plot for 5G antenna at 24.8 GHz
Fig. 11. Farfield 3D gain plot at 31 GHz for a) 5G antenna b) 5G antenna
array
Fig. 7. Current distribution plot for 5G antenna array at a)23 GHz b)27.09
GHZ c)31 GHz

Fig. 12. 3D polar gain pattern for E-field and H-field for 5G antenna at 24.8
GHz

Fig. 8. Farfield 3D gain plot at 23 GHz for a) 5G antenna b)5G antenna


array

Fig. 13. 3D polar gain pattern for E-field and H-field for 5G antenna array
at 23 GHz

Fig. 9. Farfield 3D gain plot at 24.8 GHz for a) 5G antenna b)5G antenna
array

Fig. 14. 3D polar gain pattern for E-field and H-field for 5G antenna array
at 27 GHz

Systems (WECON), 2016 5th International Conference on. IEEE, 2016,


pp. 1–6.
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[4] N. Kaur and S. Malhotra, “A review on significance of design parameters [6] N. Kathuria and S. Vashisht, “Dual-band printed slot antenna for the 5g
of microstrip patch antennas,” in Wireless Networks and Embedded wireless communication network,” in Wireless Communications, Signal
Fig. 15. 3D polar gain pattern for E-field and H-field for 5G antenna array
at 31 GHz

Processing and Networking (WiSPNET), International Conference on.


IEEE, 2016, pp. 1815–1817.
[7] S. Verma, L. Mahajan, R. Kumar, H. S. Saini, and N. Kumar, “A
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[8] A. Iqbal, F. R. Sani, Z. Ullah, M. I. Khattak, M. A. Khattak, N. Saqib,
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double f slot patch antenna for future 5g wireless communication,”
in Electrical and Computing Technologies and Applications (ICECTA),
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[10] M. S. Ibrahim, “Dual-band microstrip antenna for the fifth generation
indoor/outdoor wireless applications,” in Applied Computational Elec-
tromagnetics Society Symposium (ACES), 2018 International. IEEE,
2018, pp. 1–2.

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