Raval 2013

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International conference on Communication and Signal Processing, April 3-5, 2013, India

Design & Implementation of Reduced size


Microstrip Patch Antenna with Metamaterial
Defected Ground Plane
Falguni Raval, Dr Y P Kosta, Jagruti Makwana, Amit V Patel
 The substrate material has large influence in determining the
Abstract—The size reduction of microstrip antennas is size and bandwidth of an antenna. Increasing the dielectric
becoming an important design consideration with development of constant decreases the size but lowers the bandwidth and
communication with integration Technology now days. This efficiency of the antenna while decreasing the dielectric
paper proposes microstrip Patch antenna in which metamaterial constant increases the bandwidth but with an increase in size.
properties applied at ground Plane. The paper also analyzed the The major reason for the widespread replacement of wire
performance of Microstrip Patch Antenna with and without
using the metamaterial structure. The works mainly include
antennas and related designs by the Microstrip based
Metamaterial as Defected ground plane. Unit cell of split ring configurations is its low profile, light weight nature,
resonator (which is used for defected the ground) is modeled and conformability to planar and non-planar structures and ease of
simulated in high frequency structure simulator and effective fabrication. But this type of antenna having some
permeability is also retrieved from its S parameters. The overall disadvantages also such as its narrow band width and low
size of metamaterial patch antenna is reduced 70%. Antenna gain.
parameters such as Return Loss, Gain, were measured
To overcome these drawbacks we used an artificial
Index Terms— Microstrip Patch Antenna, Metamaterial, Split homogeneous material called Metamaterial. According to
ring resonator, defected ground plane V.G. Veselago Metamaterial [1] are artificial homogeneous
materials which are not available in nature but using the
properties of such a material, antenna parameters are easily
I. INTRODUCTION improve. This paper used metamaterial properties at ground
Antennas are indispensable component of any wireless plane to reduce the size of antenna with reasonable gain.
communication device. Thus they are the inevitable
component for creating the so called ―wireless human II. DESIGN OF RECTANGULAR PATCH ANTENNA
network. An antenna is a transducer between the transmitter WITHOUT METAMATERIAL
and the free space waves and vice versa. They efficiently
transfer electromagnetic energy from a transmission line into
free space. Much boom in the field of electromagnetic,
microwaves and antennas - all started with the arguments
about the electromagnetic nature of light. The practical
realization of Microstrip Antennas [2] in the 1970’s gave a
boost to planar antennas research owing excellent
characteristics and low profile of the antenna. Deschamps first
proposed the concept of the MSA in 1953. The typical
geometry of a Microstrip Antenna [3] in its simplest form
consists of a radiating patch on one side of a dielectric
substrate and a ground plane on the other side of a substrate,
having a fixed dielectric constant and thickness. The metallic
patch may take many geometrics viz. rectangular, circular,
triangular, elliptical, helical, ring etc. The length of the patch
is typically about one half of the dielectric wavelength
corresponding to the resonant frequency. Fig 1. Conventional Patch antenna

Falguni Raval is Assistant Professor in C. S. Patel Institute of The proposed antenna based on the Rectangular Microstrip
Technology,Changa,Gujarat,India.emailid:falguni_raval@yahoo.com Patch Antenna. The antenna is planar Rectangular Patch
Dr. Y P Kosta is director of Marwadi Education Trust , Rajkot, India Antenna fed by Microstrip line on duroid substrate with
Jagruti Makwana is Assistant Professor in Government Engineering
dielectric constant 2.2, loss tangent 0.02 and 1.6mm of
Collage, Modasa, Guajrat, India
Amit V. Patel is Assistant Professor in C. S. Patel Institute of Technology, thickness (h). This antenna is design at frequency 10 GHz,
Changa, Gujarat, India width of microstrip is 3.009 mm for match impedance with 50

978-1-4673-4866-9/13/$31.00 ©2013 IEEE 186


ohms of transmission line. The Rectangular Microstrip Patch III. OPEN SLOT SPLIT RING RESONATOR DEFECTED
Antenna is shown figure 1. The Essential parameters of the GROUND STRUCTURE
design are calculated using equations (1) and (3) [3] and
shown in table 1.

Width:

1 2 v0 2
w= = (1)
2f r μ 0 ε0 ε r +1 2f r ε r +1

Where v0 =free space velocity

fr =resonant frequency
Fig 2. Split Ring Resonator
Effective dielectric constant
Defected ground structure or defected ground plane
w (DGP) is obtained by etching periodic or non-periodic patterns
For !1
in the ground plane of a microstrip line. Due to the defects in
h
1 the ground plane, changes in the shield current take place and
Hr  1 Hr  1 h 2 can change the capacitance and inductance of the microstrip
Hreff   [1  12 ] (2) line. Over the past few years, slot split ring resonators (SSRR)
2 2 w
defected ground structure [8] have been widely used in
microwave technology for size miniaturization and
performance enhancement of microwave components.
Length:
In this paper, we use DGS structure called open slot split ring
1 resonator (OSSRR) suitable for microstrip technology
L= (3) exhibiting band stop effect near its resonance frequency. The
2f r ε reff μ 0 ε 0
negative image of SRR is etched out from the ground plane to
obtain OSSRR. The schematic view of the unit cell of SRR
Where structure proposed in this study is shown in Fig. 1. The unit
w cells have the same length 4.064mm, outer strip length a=2.54
(H reff  0.3)(  0.264) mm, main split width of s=0.127 mm, metal strip width of
'L h
0.412 (4) b=0.127 mm, inner/outer strip separation length of g=0.127
h w
(H reff  0.258)(  0.8) mm [5]. The structure has been simulated on HFSS and s-
h
parameter values thus obtained were used to calculate
Leff =L+2'L (5) effective permeability. All the formulas of the metamaterial
were program in MATLAB R2007b to obtain a plot of
Table 1: Rectangular patch antenna dimension permittivity value of metamaterial versus frequency. The
Patch antenna Patch antenna formulas used for the calculation of effective permeability are
with defected [5].
ground plane
Frequency 10GHz 10GHz 1 1
n= cos-1[ 2
(1-s11 +s221 )] (6)
Dielectric RT Duroid RT Duroid kd 2s21
substrate
Dielectric 2.2 2.2 (1+s11 )2 -s 21
2
z= (7)
constant εr (1-s11 )2 -s 21
2

Dielectric 20mmX20mm 10mmX15m


ε=n/z (8)
substrate m
dimensions μ=nz (9)
Height of the 1.6 mm 1.6 mm
substrate
Length of the 9mm 2.5mm
patch L
Width of Patch W 11.85mm 3mm

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purposes. During the simulation process, the width and length
of the radiator patch as well as the feeder were continually
varied until the required results were obtained.

V. V. SIMULATION & RESULTS


This experimental setup is simulated in High Frequency
Structure Simulator. The single unit structure of SRR is
simulated in HFSS .The effective permeability parameters are
calculated using equations (6) to (9) for unit cell SRR
revealing the presence of magnetic resonances around
resonance frequency; 10 GHz [7] as shown in Fig 3. The
rectangular patch antenna with and without metamaterial are
simulated in HFSS and Fig 7 and 8 shows the result of return
loss. The rectangular patch antenna without metamaterial
resonate at 10 GHz and has gain of 7.9 dB. The rectangular
patch antenna with metamaterial resonate at 9.91 GHz and has
gain of 6.09 dB.

VI. VI. CONCLUSION


We have simulated unit cell of SRR, microstrip Patch antenna
with and without metamaterial. The effective permeability
parameters are retrieved from s parameters for unit cell SRR,
revealing the presence of magnetic resonances around
resonance frequency; 10 GHz (Figure 4) for unit cell structure.
Step-by-step procedures for designing the antennas were
presented in this paper. The size of a patch antenna using a
Fig 3. Retrieved effective μ for SRR metamaterial is smaller than that of a conventional antenna.
The rectangular patch antenna without metamaterial has gain
of 7.9 dB whereas the rectangular patch antenna with
metamaterial resonate at 9.91 GHz has gain 6.09dB.

VII. REFERENCES

[1] V. G. Veselago, “The electrodynamics of substances with simultaneously


negative values of ε and μ,” Sov. Phys. Usp. 10(4), 509–514 (1968)
[2] K. R. Carver and J. W. Mink, “Microstrip Antenna Technology”, IEEE
Trans. Antennas Propagation, vol. AP-29, no. 1, pp. 2–24, Jan. 1981
[3] Constantine A.Balanis, “Antenna Theory and Design”, John Wiley &
Sons, Inc, 1997
[4] J. B. Pendry, A. J. Holden, D. J. Robbins, and W. J. Stewart, “Magnetism
from conductors and enhanced nonlinear phenomena,” IEEE Trans.
Microw. Theory Tech. 47(11), 2075–2084 (1999).
[5] Richard W. Ziolkowski, “Design, Fabrication, and Testing of Double
Negative Metamaterials”, IEEE transactions on Antennas and
Propagation, vol. 51, no. 7, July 2003
[6] Falguni Raval, Dr Y P Kosta, Amit V Patel “Investigation of left-hand
property of Split Ring Resonator “, ICECT, Kanyakumari, April 2012
[7] D. R. Smith, D. C. Vier, Th. Koschny, and C. M. Soukoulis,
“Electromagnetic Parameter Retrieval from Inhomogeneous
Fig 4. Patch antenna with metamaterial as defected ground Metamaterials”, Physical Review E 71, 036617 (2005)
plane [8] S. S. Karthikeyan ,R. S. Kshetrimayum, “Compact wideband and band
pass filter using open slot split ring resonator and CMRC”, Progress In
Electromagnetics Research Letters, Vol. 10, 39-48, 2009

IV. IV. CONFIGURATION OF RECTANGULAR PATCH


ANTENNA WITH METAMATERIAL
We have placed unit cell of OSSRR in ground plane of
rectangular patch. Fig 4 shows the patch antenna with
metamaterial as defected ground plane. This antenna was
aimed to operate at 10 GHz, the same as the conventional
antenna, in order to evaluate performance and for comparison

188
Fig 5. Simulated S11 of conevntional Patch antenna

Fig 6. Simulated S11 of Patch antenna with metamaterial as defected ground plane

189
Fig 7. Radiation pattern of conevntional Patch antenna

Fig 8. Radiation pattern of Patch antenna with metamaterial as defected ground plane

Fig 9. 3D gain plot of conevntional Patch antenna

Fig 10. 3D gain plot of Patch antenna with metamaterial as defected ground plane

190

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