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Topic 1 Empirical and Molecular Formula

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Topic 1 Empirical and Molecular Formula

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MSJChem – Topic 1 – Empirical and molecular formula

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Empirical and molecular formula


1) Define the terms empirical formula and molecular formula.

2) Compound B has the following percentage composition by mass: C 26.7%, O


71.1% and H 2.2%. Calculate the empirical formula of compound B.

3) Compound C has the following percentage composition by mass: 48.6% C,


10.8% H, 21.6% O and 18.9% N. Calculate the empirical formula of
compound C.

4) Work out the molecular formula of each of the following given the empirical
formula and the relative molecular mass:
a CH2, Mr = 70
b OH, Mr = 34
c C2H5O, Mr = 90

5) An organic compound A contains 62.0% by mass of carbon, 24.1% by


mass of nitrogen, the remainder being hydrogen.

a) Determine the percentage by mass of hydrogen and the empirical


formula of A.

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MSJChem – Topic 1 – Empirical and molecular formula
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b) The relative molecular mass of A is 116. Determine the molecular


formula of A.

Challenge questions
6) For each of the following calculate the empirical formula:
a When 2.20 g of a hydrocarbon, D, is burnt in excess oxygen, 6.90 g of
CO2 and 2.83 g of water are produced.

b When 1.52 g of compound E, which contains carbon, hydrogen and


oxygen only, is burnt in excess oxygen, 3.04 g CO2 and 1.24 g H2O are
produced.

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MSJChem – Topic 1 – Empirical and molecular formula
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Answers:

1) Empirical formula is the simplest whole number ratio of atoms in a


compound.

Molecular formula is the actual number of atoms in a compound.

2)

C H O

26.7 2.2 71.1

12.01 1.01 16.00

2.22 2.2 4.44

2.2 2.2 2.2

1 1 2

Empirical formula: CHO2

3)

C H O N

48.6 10.8 21.6 18.9

12.01 1.01 16.00 14.01

4.04 10.7 1.35 1.35

1.35 1.35 1.35 1.35

3 8 1 1

Empirical formula: C3H8ON

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MSJChem – Topic 1 – Empirical and molecular formula
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4)
a CH2, Mr = 70 (12.01) + (2x1.01) = 14.03
70 ÷ 14.03 = 5
CH2 x 5 = C5H10
b OH, Mr = 34 (16.00) + (1.01) = 17.01
34 ÷ 17.01 = 2
OH x 2 = H2O2
c C2H5O, Mr = 90 (2x12.01) + (5x1.01) + (16.00) = 45.07
90 ÷ 45.07 = 2
C2H5O x 2 = C4H10O2

5)
a

C N H

62.0 24.1 13.9

12.01 14.01 1.01

5.16 1.72 13.8

1.72 1.72 1.72

Empirical formula: C3NH8


b
(3x12.01) + (14.01) + (8x1.01) = 58.12
116 ÷ 58.12 = 2
2 x C3NH8 = C6N2H16
Molecular formula: C6N2H16

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MSJChem – Topic 1 – Empirical and molecular formula
www.msjchem.com

6) a
6.90
moles of CO2 = = 0.157 mol
44.01
2.83
moles of H2O = = 0.157 mol
18.02
moles of C = 0.157 mol
moles of H = 2  0.157 = 0.304 mol
empirical formula = CH2

b
12.01
mass of C in CO2 =  3.04 = 0.830 g
44.01
2.02
mass of H in H2O =  1.24 = 0.139 g
18.02
mass of O = 1.52 – (0.830 + 0.139) = 0.551 g
ratio of moles C : H : O is 0.0691 : 0.139 : 0.0344
whole number ratio is 2.01 : 4.04 : 1
empirical formula: C2H4O

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