1 – What is Active Directory?

Answer: is a database and set of services that connect users with the
network resources they need to get their work done.
2 – What is DHCP and What it’s used for?
Answer: is a network protocol that is used to configure network devices to
communicate on an IP network.
3 – What is the scope and super scope in DC?
Answer: Super scope is an administrative feature of a DHCP server that
can be used to group multiple scopes as a single administrative entity.
Super scope allows a DHCP server to provide leases from more than one
scope to clients on a single physical network. Scopes added to a super
scope are called member scopes.
4 – What is DNS?
Answer: The Domain Name System (DNS) is the phonebook of the
Internet. Humans access information online through domain names, like
nytimes.com or espn.com. Web browsers interact through Internet Protocol
(IP) addresses. DNS translates domain names to IP addresses so
browsers can load Internet resources.
5 – What is forward and reverse lookup in DNS?
Answer: A forward lookup zone typically converts a name to an IP address
or another name at some point. The important part, though, is that you start
with a name. Eventually, that name gets resolved to an IP address in most
cases. This zone contains all the records of domain names to their IP
addresses.
A Reverse Lookup Zone contains all the records of IP addresses to their
domain names. It would be too easy to define a reverse lookup as the
opposite of forward, but it is true. A reverse lookup zone is used any time
you want to convert an IP address to a name.
6 – What is the IPCONFIG command?
Answer: is used to display information about your network configuration
and refresh DHCP and DNS Settings
7 – Tell me if your system is infected by a virus how you will recover
the data?
Answer:
- Disconnect the infected computer from the network to prevent the virus
from spreading.
- Use antivirus software to scan and identify the virus.
- Use the antivirus software to remove the virus from the infected system.
- If you have a recent backup of your data, restore your files from that
backup.
- If you don't have a backup or if the backup is outdated, you can use data
recovery tools to try to recover your files.
- Install reputable antivirus software and keep it up to date. Regularly back
up your data to an external, secure location. Be cautious about opening
email attachments or clicking on links from unknown or suspicious sources.
8 – Explain about VPN?
Answer: A Virtual Private Network (VPN) is a technology that creates a
secure and encrypted connection over the internet, allowing users to
access a private network from a remote location.
9 – What is PPPoE?
Answer: PPPoE stands for Point-to-Point Protocol over Ethernet. It is a
networking protocol that is commonly used for the establishment and
management of digital subscriber line (DSL) broadband connections.
PPPoE allows a network to connect to the Internet through a broadband
modem using the Ethernet protocol
10 – What is the difference between permission and policy?
Answer: The permission for a document defines which users or groups
have access to the document. A policy on the other hand is a customizable
collection of security attributes that define what a user is allowed to do with
a document.
11 – What are the operational roles for DC (Domain Controller) And
ADC (Additional Domain Controller)?
Answer: both Domain Controllers and Additional Domain Controllers play
vital roles in maintaining a secure and reliable Active Directory
infrastructure. They work together to ensure authentication, authorization,
and directory services are efficiently managed across the network.
12 – What is the BUS speed?
Answer: refers to how quickly the system bus can move data from one
computer component to the other
13 – What is the difference between firmware and the driver?
Answer: Firmware is the software that runs on the device. A driver is
the software that tells your operating system how to communicate with
the device
14 – What is the NVMe?
Answer: is a new storage access and transport protocol for flash and next-
generation solid-state drives (SSDs) that delivers the highest throughput and
fastest response times yet for all types of enterprise workloads.
15 – What is the major difference you can mention about Gateway and
Router?
Answer: Gateways and routers are both devices used in networking, but
they serve different purposes.
Routers operate at the network layer (Layer 3) of the OSI model. They are
responsible for routing data packets between different networks. Routers
make decisions based on IP addresses and maintain routing tables to
determine the best path for forwarding packets.
gateway operates at higher layers of the OSI model, typically at the
application layer (Layer 7) or even at the presentation layer (Layer 6).
Gateways are protocol converters that enable communication between
different networks or network devices that use different communication
protocols. They translate data formats, protocols, or communication styles
to allow interoperability between dissimilar systems.
16 – Explain the term MBR? GPT?
Answer: Master Boot Record (MBR) disks use the standard"Legacy"
BIOS partition table. GUID partition table (GPT) disks use the Unified
Extensible Firmware Interface (UEFI).
17 - What is the difference between incremental backup and
differential backup?
Answer: An incremental backup only backs up data that has changed
since the last backup, it typically requires less storage space compared to
full backups because it only stores the changes made since the last backup
A differential backup captures all the changes made since the last full
backup. Unlike incremental backups, Differential backups tend to require
more storage space over time compared to incremental backups because
each differential backup contains all changes since the last full backup.
18 – What is the difference between Server OS and Desktop OS?
Answer: Server OS Server operating systems are designed to manage
and control network resources, provide services, and respond to requests
from client machines. They focus on stability, reliability, and the efficient
utilization of hardware resources. Examples include Windows Server, Linux
distributions like Ubuntu Server, and macOS Server.
Desktop OS Desktop operating systems are intended for personal
computing and end-user devices. They provide a graphical user interface
(GUI) and a range of applications for individual users. Examples include
Windows 10, macOS, and various Linux desktop distributions.
19 – What is "Bootloader"?
Answer: A bootloader is a specialized program or set of instructions that
manages the process of loading the operating system (OS) into the
computer's memory when the system is powered on or restarted. Its
primary function is to initiate the boot sequence and hand over control to
the operating system kernel.
20 – What is PowerShell? What used for?
Answer: As a scripting language, PowerShell is commonly used for
automating the management of systems. It's also used to build, test, and
deploy solutions, in Windows environments.

Eng\ Ahmed Essam