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    Gr9 PS Series and Parallel Theory

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    lindokuhlemositsa
    Grade 9 work

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    Gr9 PS Series and Parallel Theory

    Uploaded by

    lindokuhlemositsa
    1 views5 pages
    Grade 9 work

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    Gr9_PS_Series_and_Parallel_Theory

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    Grade 9 work

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    1 views5 pages

    Gr9 PS Series and Parallel Theory

    Uploaded by

    lindokuhlemositsa
    Grade 9 work

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 5

    Gr

    ade9

    SERI
    ESANDPARALLEL
    CI
    RCUITS
    Theory

    Co
    mpil
    edby
    NTod
    d
    Series and parallel circuits
    Revision:
    Components of a circuit

    Power Sources (Battery/Cell)

    measured in voltage, si-unit symbol=V


    Symbol= V,
    measured using a voltmeter connected in parallel to component

    Within a cell or battery, a chemical reaction takes place. During the chemical reaction, chemical
    energy is transformed to electric energy to flow through the circuit

    Electric current

    measured in amperes, si-unit symbol=A


    Symbol= I
    measured using an ammeter connected in series in a circuit

    Time it takes for an electric charge (electrons) to pass a certain point

    Resistance

    measured in Ohms, si-unit symbol= Ω


    Symbol= R

    The ability of a conducting material to oppose the current flowing through


    It is the opposition that a device has against the flow of charge. (How easy or hard is it for the electrons to move
    through the device.)

    Grade 9 Natural Sciences Series and parallel circuits All rights reserved
    Difference between series and parallel electric circuits:

    Series Parallel
    Only one pathway for current to flow through Different pathways for current to flow through
    Electric current is equal everywhere in the Electric current divides between different
    circuit paths of a circuit
    Potential difference (voltage) is the sum of all Potential difference (voltage) is equal
    the voltages in the electric current everywhere in the electric circuit
    The more resistors in series the bigger the The more resistors in parallel the smaller the
    resistance resistance as current increases
    Resistors in series are potential dividers as a Resistors in parallel are current dividers
    resistor with a higher voltage will have a higher
    resistance and a resistor with a lower voltage
    will have a lower resistance

    Formulae used for series and parallel electric circuits

    Series Parallel
    Current: Current:
    IT= I1= I2= I3 IT= I1+ I2+ I3

    IT means total current= same as readings on IT means total current= adding the readings of
    multiple ammeter all ammeters in the circuit
    Potential difference (voltage): Potential difference (voltage):
    VT= V1+ V2+ V3 V T= V 1= V 2= V 3

    VT means total voltage= adding the readings of VT means total voltage= same as readings on
    all voltmeters in the circuit multiple voltmeters
    Resistance: Resistance:
    RT = R1 + R2 + R3 ! ! !
    RT= "!+ #$+ #%

    RT means total resistance= adding the values


    NB: Fraction must be inverted in final step of
    of all resistors in the circuit
    calculation

    General formulae to use in either series and/or parallel electric circuits

    V= Voltage (V) Q= Charge (C, coloumb)


    I=Current (A) I=Current (A)
    R=Resistance (Ω) t=time (s)

    Grade 9 Natural Sciences Series and parallel circuits All rights reserved
    P=Power (W, watts) W=Work/energy (J, joules)
    V= Voltage (V) V= Voltage (V)
    I=Current (A) Q= Charge (C, coloumb)

    Example 1:
    The circuit below represents a series circuit.
    4V

    2Ω

    3Ω

    5V

    1. Calculate the total voltage of the above circuit.


    ANSWER: VT= V1+ V2+ V3
    VT= 5V + 4V
    VT= 9V
    2. Calculate the total resistance of the above circuit.
    ANSWER: RT= R1+ R2
    RT= 2Ω + 3Ω
    RT= 5Ω
    3. What is the total current of the above circuit?
    !
    ANSWER: I=
    "
    #!
    I=
    $Ω
    I= 1.8A

    Grade 9 Natural Sciences Series and parallel circuits All rights reserved
    Example 2:
    The circuit below represents a parallel circuit.
    6V

    3Ω

    1Ω

    1. A voltmeter (V1) is placed over light bulb with the resistance of 3 Ω. What will the voltmeter
    reading be?
    ANSWER: V T= V 1= V 2= V 3
    6V= V 1
    2. Calculate the total resistance of the above parallel circuit.
    ! ! !
    ANSWER: RT= "!+ #$+ #%
    ! !
    RT = % + !
    &
    RT = %
    %
    RT = &
    RT=0.75 Ω
    3. The reading of ammeter A2 is 5A and the reading of A3 is 3A. Calculate the total current of
    the circuit (A1).
    ANSWER: IT= I1+ I2+ I3
    IT= 5A + 3A
    IT= 8A

    OR

    '
    ANSWER: I=#
    ('
    I=).+,Ω
    I= 8A

    Grade 9 Natural Sciences Series and parallel circuits All rights reserved

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