UNIT - VII

DUAL NATURE

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 FOURTEEN YEARS BOARD PROBLEMS

CBSE 2023

1. Which one of the following metals does not exhibit emission of electrons from its
surface when irradiated by visible light ?
(a) Rubidium (b) Sodium
(c) Cadmium (d) Caesium
2. A photon of wavelength 663 nm is incident on a metal surface. The work function of
the metal is 1.50 eV. The maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photo electrons is
(a) 3.0 x 10–20 J
(b) 6.0 x 10–20 J
(c) 4.5 x 10–20 J
(d) 9.0 x 10–20 J
3. The energy of a photon of wavelength 663 nm is
(a) 6.64 x 10–20 J –19
(b) 5.18 x 10 J
–19
(c) 3.0 x 10 J (d) 2.0 x 10–20 J

4. Figure shows the variation of photoelectric current measured in a photo cell circuit
as a function of the potential difference between the plates of the photo cell when light
beams A, B, C and D of different wavelengths are incident on the photo cell. Examine
the given figure and answer the following questions:

(a) Which light beam has the highest frequency and why ?
(b) Which light beam has the longest wavelength and why ?
(c) Which light beam ejects photoelectrons with maxim um momentum and
why ?
OR
What is the effect on threshold frequency and stopping potential on
increasing the frequency of incident beam of light ? Justify your answer.

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 CBSE 2022

1. ( i) Name the factors on which photoelectric emission from a surface depends.

(ii) Define the term ‘threshold frequency' for a photosensitive material.
2.
(a) Calculate the frequency of a photon of energy of 6.5 X 10–19 J.
(b) Can this photon cause emission of an electron from the surface of Cs of work function
2.14 eV ? If yes, what will be maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectron?
3. The work function of a metal is 2.31 eV. Photoelectric emission occurs when light of
frequency 6.4 x 1014 Hz is incident on the metal surface. Calculate: (i) the energy of the
incident radiation, (ii) the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electron and (iii) the
stopping potential of the surface.

4. An electron is accelerated from rest through a potential difference of 100 V.

Find :
a. the wavelength associated with
b. the momentum of and
c. the velocity required by, the electron.

CBSE 2020

1. Photons of energies 1 eV and 2 eV are successively incident on a metallic surface of work function 0·5
eV. The ratio of kinetic energy of most energetic photoelectrons in the two cases will be
(A) 1 : 1
(B) 1 : 2
(C) 1 : 1
(D) 1 : 4
2. The variation of the stopping potential (Vo) with the frequency ( ) of the light incident on two different
photosensitive surfaces M1 and M2 is shown in the figure. Identify the surface which has greater value of
the work function.

3.
(a) Write two main observations of photoelectric effect experiment which could only be explained
by Einstein’s photoelectric equation.
(b) Draw a graph showing variation of photocurrent with the anode potential of a photocell.

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 CBSE 2019

1. Plot a graph showing the variation of photoelectric current versus intensity of light. (1)
2. A photon and a proton have the same de-Broglie wavelength . Prove that the energy of the photon is
(2m c/h) times the kinetic energy of the proton. (2)
3. A photon emitted during the de-excitation of electron from a state n to the first excited state in a
hydrogen atom, irradiates a metallic cathode of work function 2 eV, in a photo cell, with a stopping
potential of 0·55 V. Obtain the value of the quantum number of the state n. (2)
4. (a) State briefly, with what purpose was Davisson and Germer experiment performed and what inference
was drawn from this.
(b) Obtain an expression for the ratio of the accelerating potentials required to accelerate a proton and an
-particle to have the same de-Broglie wavelength associated with them. (3)
5. (a) An electron and a proton are accelerated through the same potential. Which one of the two has
(i) greater value of de-Broglie wavelength associated with it, and
(ii) lesser momentum ? Justify your answer in each case.
(b) How is the momentum of a particle related with its de-Broglie wavelength ? Show the
variation on a graph. (3)

CBSE 2018

1. Draw graphs showing variation of photoelectric current with applied voltage for two
incident radiations of equal frequency and different intensities. Mark the graph for the
radiation of higher intensity. (1)
2. If light of wavelength 412·5 nm is incident on each of the metals given below, which ones
will show photoelectric emission and why ? (2)
Metal Work Function (eV)
Na 1·92
K 2·15
Ca 3·20
Mo 4·17

CBSE 2017

1. Name the phenomenon which shows the quantum nature of electromagnetic radiation. (1)
2. Using photon picture of light, show how Einstein's photoelectric equation can be established. Write two
features of photoelectric effect which cannot be explained by wave theory. (3)

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 CBSE 2016

1. A proton and an α particle are accelerated through the same potential difference. Which one of the two
has (i) greater de-Broglie wavelength, and (ii) less kinetic energy ? Justify your answer. (2)
2. State two important properties of photon which are used to write Einstein's photoelectric equation.
Define (i) stopping potential and (ii) threshold frequency, using Einstein's equation and drawing
necessary plot between relevant quantities. (3)

CBSE 2015

1. Define the terms ‘stopping potential’ and ‘threshold frequency’ in relation to photoelectric effect. How
does one determine these physical quantities using Einstein’s equation ? (2)
2. When the electron orbiting in hydrogen atom in its ground state moves to the third excited state, show
how the de Broglie wavelength associated with it would be affected. (3)

CBSE 2014

1. The graph shows the variation of stopping potential with frequency of incident radiation for two
photosensitive metals A and B. Which one of the two has higher value of work-function? Justify your
answer. (1)

2. An electron microscope used electrons accelerated by a voltage of 50 kV. Determine the de Broglie
wavelength associated with the electrons. Taking other factors, such as numerical aperture etc. to be
same, how does the resolving power of an electron microscope compare with that of an optical
microscope which used yellow light? (3)

CBSE 2013

1. Write the expression for the de Broglie wavelength associated with a charged particle having charge ’q’
and mass ‘m’ when it is accelerated by a potential V. (1)

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2. Write Einstein’s photoelectric equation and point out any two characteristic properties of photons on
which this equation is based. Briefly explain the three observed features which can be explained this
equation. (3)

CBSE 2012

1. A proton and an electron have same kinetic energy. Which one has grater de Broglie wavelength and
Why? (1)
2. Define the terms (i) ‘cut –off voltage’ and (ii) ‘threshold frequency’ in relation to the phenomenon of
photoelectric effect. Using Einstein’s photoelectric equation shows how the cut-off voltage and threshold
frequency for a given photosensitive material can be determined with the help of a suitable plot/graph.
(3)

CBSE 2011

1. Define the term ‘stopping potential in relation to photoelectric effect. (1)

2. Draw a plot showing the variation of photoelectric current with collector plate potential for two different
frequencies, of incident radiation having the same intensity. In which case will the stopping
potential be higher? Justify your answer. (3)

CBSE 2010

1. Write Einstein’s photoelectric equation. State clearly the three salient features observed in photoelectric
effect, which can be explained on the basis of the above equation. (2)
2. An and a proton are accelerated from rest by the same potential. Find the ratio of their de
Broglie wavelengths. (2)
CBSE 2009

1. The maximum kinetic energy of a photoelectron is 3 eV. What is its stopping potential? [ ]
2. Draw a schematic arrangement of the Geiger-Marsden experiment. How did the scattering of
-particles of a thin foil of gold provide an important way to determine an upper limit on the size of the
nucleus? Explain briefly. (3)