Vibration-Guide-Nov22
Vibration-Guide-Nov22
Vibration-Guide-Nov22
November 2022
GUIDE FOR
The requirements provided in this Guide are in addition to the mandatory class requirements of the ABS
Rules for Building and Classing Marine Vessels (Marine Vessel Rules).
ABS may give special consideration to aluminum structures as well as offshore units and installations to
obtain this optional classification notation.
ABS also provides the requirements for vibration for the optional notations related to crew habitability and
passenger comfort. See the ABS Guide for Passenger Comfort on Ships and the ABS Guide for Crew
Habitability on Ships.
This Guide becomes effective on the first day of the month of publication.
Users are advised to check periodically on the ABS website www.eagle.org to verify that this version of
this Guide is the most current.
ABS GUIDE FOR VIBRATION OF MACHINERY EQUIPMENT AND RELATED STRUCTURES • 2022 ii
GUIDE FOR
CONTENTS
SECTION 1 General..................................................................................................5
1 Application...................................................................................... 5
2 Scope..............................................................................................5
3 Process for Obtaining a Notation....................................................5
4 Submission of Documents.............................................................. 6
5 Terminology.................................................................................... 7
6 Abbreviations and References........................................................7
6.1 Abbreviations..................................................................... 7
6.2 References........................................................................ 7
SECTION 3 Measurements....................................................................................12
1 General......................................................................................... 12
2 Instrumentation............................................................................. 12
2.1 General Requirements.....................................................12
2.2 Calibration........................................................................12
3 Measurement Conditions..............................................................12
3.1 Environmental Conditions................................................12
ABS GUIDE FOR VIBRATION OF MACHINERY EQUIPMENT AND RELATED STRUCTURES • 2022 iii
3.2 Loading Condition............................................................13
3.3 Course............................................................................. 13
3.4 Speed and Engine Power................................................ 13
3.5 Machinery Operating Condition....................................... 13
4 Measurement Locations............................................................... 13
4.1 Measurement Locations for Local Structures.................. 13
4.2 Measurement Locations for Machinery and Equipment.. 13
5 Data Processing Analysis............................................................. 13
6 Test Plan....................................................................................... 14
6.1 Drawings..........................................................................14
6.2 Testing Personnel............................................................ 14
6.3 Test Conditions................................................................ 14
6.4 Measurement Locations.................................................. 14
6.5 Instruments and Data Acquisition.................................... 14
6.6 Data Analysis...................................................................14
6.7 Data Collection Sheets.................................................... 14
7 Survey...........................................................................................14
7.1 Initial Survey.................................................................... 14
7.2 Annual Survey................................................................. 15
7.3 Special Periodical Survey................................................ 15
ABS GUIDE FOR VIBRATION OF MACHINERY EQUIPMENT AND RELATED STRUCTURES • 2022 iv
SECTION 1
General
1 Application
This Guide applies to both new construction and existing vessels. Section 2 provides vibration acceptance
criteria for local structures as well as machinery and equipment. Section 3 provides requirements for the
vibration measurement procedure addressing the instrumentation, measurement conditions and locations as
well as data processing and reporting.
2 Scope
This Guide outlines the process and acceptance criteria to obtain the optional classification notation VIB-M
based on vibration measurements. Compliance with the vibration acceptance criteria is to be verified to the
satisfaction of the attending Surveyor through the measurement of the vibration of
i) Local structures
● Structures supporting the main propulsion system or other machinery and equipment, as well
as nearby structures
● Structures in compartments of machinery and equipment that may be affected by the operation
of the associated machinery and equipment
ii) Machinery and equipment specified in this Guide
Where major modifications to the vessel result in changes to the vibration characteristics of the vessel, new
measurements are to be taken to maintain the notation. For sister vessels, measurements are to be carried
out for each vessel.
The additional requirements provided in the Guide do not alter the mandatory class requirements of the
ABS Rules for Building and Classing Marine Vessels (Marine Vessel Rules).
For aluminum structures as well as offshore units and installations, special consideration by ABS may be
required to obtain this optional classification notation.
If the vessel is not fully operational, a complete list of deficiencies of compartments, components and
equipment is to be submitted to ABS for review. ABS will make the decision and notify the vessel’s Owner
or shipyard whether to proceed with the required vibration testing.
ABS GUIDE FOR VIBRATION OF MACHINERY EQUIPMENT AND RELATED STRUCTURES • 2022 5
Section 1 General 1
Section 1, Figure 1 outlines the process for obtaining the VIB-M notation.
FIGURE 1
Process for Obtaining the VIB-M Notation
4 Submission of Documents
The following documents are to be submitted to ABS Engineering for review:
ABS GUIDE FOR VIBRATION OF MACHINERY EQUIPMENT AND RELATED STRUCTURES • 2022 6
Section 1 General 1
5 Terminology
Free-Route. The condition achieved when the vessel is proceeding at a constant speed and course with
minimum helm adjustment (±2 degrees or less) and no throttle adjustment.
Local Structures. Structures including machinery foundation structures and structures in compartments of
machinery and equipment that may be affected by the operation of the associated machinery and
equipment.
Root Mean Square (RMS) Value. An indication of an equivalent steady state energy contained in an
oscillating signal. It can be calculated from a time series of a measured signal or from a frequency
spectrum obtained using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). Refer to ISO 20283-4 for methodologies of
RMS calculations in frequency domain or in time domain.
Severity of Vibration. The peak value of vibration (velocity, acceleration, or displacement) during periods
of steady-state vibration.
Windowing. A technique used to minimize the spectral leakage during FFT of random signals. This is
accomplished by multiplying the time series of the measured signal with a window function. The window
is a symmetric function in time and usually begins and ends with a zero value and has a value of one in the
middle
6.1 Abbreviations
ABS American Bureau of Shipping
AP Aft Perpendicular
FP Forward Perpendicular
SS Service Supplier
6.2 References
6.2.1 Application
The international and recognized industry standards form the basis of the requirements in this
Guide. Where the requirements in this Guide differ from those in the reference standards, this
Guide takes precedence.
ABS Guidance Notes on Risk Assessment Application for the Marine and Offshore Industries
ISO 20816-1 (2016), Mechanical vibration – Measurement and evaluation of machinery vibration
ABS GUIDE FOR VIBRATION OF MACHINERY EQUIPMENT AND RELATED STRUCTURES • 2022 7
SECTION 2
Acceptance Criteria
1 General
This Section provides the vibration acceptance criteria including:
The vibration limits with corresponding frequency ranges in this Section are given as the broadband RMS
values, unless otherwise agreed. These limits are only applicable when the equipment is operating within
the permissible operating range. Operating restrictions are to be documented.
The vibration limits for foundation structures are to be the same as the limits for the mounted equipment.
The severity of vibration induced fatigue damage may vary according to local structural detail, actual
stress level, local stress concentration, and material properties of local structures. Fatigue analysis as an
alternative may be considered to address the excessive vibration levels that normally are not acceptable.
The vibration limits are provided in Section 2, Table 1 in terms of RMS values with multi-frequency
components.
Commentary:
For additional measurements required by the attending Surveyor but not specified in this Guide, the ABS Guidance Notes on
Ship Vibration or other applicable recognized industry standards may be referred to.
End of Commentary
ABS GUIDE FOR VIBRATION OF MACHINERY EQUIPMENT AND RELATED STRUCTURES • 2022 8
Section 2 Acceptance Criteria 2
TABLE 1
Vibration Limits for Main Propulsion Machinery
Lateral, measured
Shaft Line Oil Lubricated
on bearings 1-200 Hz 7 mm/s
Bearing
casing/housing
15 mm/s (fixed
All directions,
Diesel Engines mounting)
measured on 4-200 Hz
(RPM: greater than 200) 25 mm/s (resilient
engine block top
mounting)
The vibration levels of machinery and equipment are not to exceed the limits specified in Section 2, Table
2 in terms of RMS value for normal operating conditions. In the case where the manufacturer requires
more stringent vibration limits for specific machinery or equipment and its foundation, these requirements
are to be satisfied.
The vibrations are to be measured for normal operation conditions. All possible restricted operating ranges
are to be specified.
TABLE 2
Vibration Limits for Machinery and Equipment
Measurement
Frequency Acceleration Limit
Machinery/Equipment Locations and Velocity Limit (RMS)
Range (RMS)
Directions
Measured on the
Generators driven by diesel (7) bearings for all 4 - 200 Hz 18 mm/s (3)
directions
Measured on the
Electric motors on thrusters bearings for all 4 - 200 Hz 18 mm/s (3)
directions
ABS GUIDE FOR VIBRATION OF MACHINERY EQUIPMENT AND RELATED STRUCTURES • 2022 9
Section 2 Acceptance Criteria 2
Measurement
Frequency Acceleration Limit
Machinery/Equipment Locations and Velocity Limit (RMS)
Range (RMS)
Directions
Measured on the
Turbines bearings for all 4 - 1000 Hz 7 mm/s
directions
Measured on the
Turbine driven generators bearings for all 4 - 1000 Hz 7 mm/s
directions
Measured on the
Gears bearings for all 4 - 1000 Hz 7 mm/s
directions
7 mm/s (fixed
Measured on the
Compressors (rotary, axial or mounting)
bearings for all 4 – 200 Hz(4)
centrifugal) 10 mm/s (resilient
directions
mounting)
Measured on the
Compressors and pumps
bearings for all 4 - 200 Hz 30 mm/s
(reciprocating)
directions
Notes:
1 The vibration limit may be increased by 20 percent for non-continuous running in the operating speed range.
2 Total power of the cylinders served by each turbocharger.
3 Narrowband velocities with RMS above 7 mm/s for the first vibration mode to be investigated.
4 The upper limit of frequency range is to be at least 200 Hz, and greater than twice of RPM.
5 For the motors vertically mounted, the vibration level at motor top may be increased by 50 percent.
6 Those pipes associated with the machinery and equipment intended for essential services.
7 For small generator sets, recognized industry standards may be referred to for the limits.
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Section 2 Acceptance Criteria 2
4 Alternatives
Any departure from the acceptance criteria of this Guide may be considered by ABS based on suitable
engineering analysis or risk assessment. In such cases, the vibration test results exceeding the limits
specified in this Guide are subject to ABS’s approval upon a demonstration of acceptable levels of safety
in line with the principles of this Guide and recognized industry standards. Based on the risk assessment
with consideration of mitigation measures, enhanced monitoring and more frequent inspections may be
required for those locations.
Refer to the ABS Guidance Notes on Risk Assessment Application for the Marine and Offshore Industries
for an overview of risk assessment techniques and additional information.
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SECTION 3
Measurements
1 General
This Section provides general requirements for the measurement and evaluation of the vibration. Vibration
levels of local structures, machinery, and equipment are to be measured to verify that vibration responses
on board do not exceed the vibration limits defined in Section 2. Actual items for measurements are to be
determined based on vessel specifications or specific needs.
2 Instrumentation
2.2 Calibration
Calibration is to be carried out using system calibration or electrical calibration. Recognized industry
standards are to be applied for the calibration procedure. Instrument calibration is to be performed every
other year or following the calibration interval specified by the manufacturer, whichever interval is shorter.
3 Measurement Conditions
Vibration tests are to be conducted under the following conditions. Any deviation from the below
conditions is to be recorded in the report.
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Section 3 Measurements 3
3.3 Course
Tests are to be conducted for free-route runs. During free-route runs, the vessel is to maintain a straight
course. Rudder action is to be kept to a minimum.
Commentary:
Scenarios in normal operating conditions where adjacent equipment and/or systems are in operation concurrently may need
to be considered as part of the above requirement.
End of Commentary
4 Measurement Locations
All measurement locations are subject to a walkthrough inspection by the attending ABS Surveyor. At the
discretion of the attending ABS Surveyor, additional measurements are to be included for the locations and
components that present significant vibrations during the sea trial or vibration test.
For measurements of internal vibration which is self-excited with a single excitation source, such as
rotating machinery, amplitudes are constant, and a large sample in time series is not required. For
machinery (e.g., main propulsion machinery) where vibration data are excited by mixed sources, the
amplitudes could be modulated and random. A sample large enough to account for the randomness is to be
taken.
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Section 3 Measurements 3
6 Test Plan
Vibration test plans for local structures, machinery, and equipment are to be submitted to ABS for review.
A Test Plan serves as the principal means for verifying that the measurements are in compliance with the
vibration requirements in this Guide. A list of machinery and equipment as well as the affected local
structures required to be measured is to be included in the test plan. This document is to be prepared by the
ABS recognized vibration Service Supplier with additional input provided by the designer/builder.
The Test Plan is to include the following items described in this Subsection.
6.1 Drawings
The Test Plan is to include drawings indicating the locations of all vibration sources.
FFT techniques are to be applied to obtain the narrowband vibration levels in frequencies by converting
the waveform data in time domain to frequency domain. For the frequency range between 1 Hz and 200
Hz, a resolution of at least 400 spectral lines and a Hanning window are to be used. For frequency range up
to 1000 Hz, minimum of 1600 spectral lines resolution with flat top window is to be used.
7 Survey
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Section 3 Measurements 3
The ABS Surveyor is to verify that the actual vibration measurement is carried out according to the
approved measurement plan (see Subsection 3/6), and sign the Vibration Measurement report if the
measurement meets the applicable requirements.
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APPENDIX 1
List of Machinery and Equipment Intended for Essential Services for
Vibration Measurement
TABLE 1
Measurement List for Machinery and Equipment Intended for Essential
Services
2 Steering Gears
3 Pumps See 4-8-1/Table 1 (c), (e), (g), (k), (n), and 4-8-1/Table 2 (b), (c),
(f), and (m) of the Marine Vessel Rules for those pumps intended
for essential service, as applicable
4 Turbines
5 Turbochargers
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Appendix 1 List of Machinery and Equipment Intended for Essential Services for Vibration A1
Measurement
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