Questionbank CK Chemistry

Clarify
Knowledge
ICSE 10
CHEMISTRY
Question
Bank for
Batch
2024-2025
PERIODIC PROPERTIES AND THIER
VARIATIONS
1 MARK QUESTIONS
1.Give one word or a phrase for
'The energy released when an electron is added to a neutral gaseous isolated
atom to form a negatively charged ion'
Ans - electron gain enthalpy
2. Give a reason for

“ionisation potential increases across a period, from left to right.”
Ans - On moving from left to right in a periodic table, the atomic size
decreases due to increase in the nuclear charge.Thus, more energy is required
to remove the electron(s) from outermost shell resulting into increase in
ionisation potential across a period.
3.Fill in the blank with the correct choice given in bracket

The energy required to remove an electron from a neutral isolated gaseous
atom and convert it into a positively charged gaseous ion is called………..
(electron affinity, ionisation potential, electronegativity)
Ans - ionisation potential
4.Fill in the blanks with the correct choices given in the brackets.
Metals are good ........ (oxidising agents/reducing agents) because they are
electro…….... (acceptors/donors).
Ans - reducing agents, donors
5.Among the elements given below, the element with the least
electronegativity is
(a) lithium
(b) carbon
(c) boron
(d) fluorine
AGNIAS RA
Ans- (a) The element with the least electronegativity is lithium.
VARIATIONS
2 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.Identify the term/substance in each of the following
(i) The tendency of an atom to attract electrons towards itself when combined
with a compound.
(II) The electrons present in the outermost shell of an atom.
Ans- (i) Electronegativity (ii) Valence electrons
2.Rewrite the following sentences by using the correct symbol > (greater than)
or
< (less than) in the blanks given.
(i) The ionisation potential of potassium is…..that of sodium.
(ii) The electronegativity of iodine is……..that of chlorine.
Ans - The ionisation potential of potassium is less than ( <) that of sodium.
The electronegativity of iodine is less than (<) that of chlorine.
3.Fill in the blanks with the correct choice given in bracket.

(i) If an element has a low ionisation energy then it is likely to be.……..
(metallic/non metallic).
(ii) If an element has seven electrons in its outermost shell then it is likely to
have the………..(largest /smallest) atomic size among all the elements in the
same period.
Ans - (i) metallic (ii) smallest
4.Define the following term

(i) Ionisation potential, (ii) Electron affinity
Ans - The energy required to remove an electron from an isolated gaseous

atom and convert it into a positively charged gaseous ion is called ionisation
energy.
The amount of energy released by the addition of electron to the outermost
shell of an atom in its isolated gaseous state is called electron affinity.
5.If an element is in group 17 (or group-VIIA), it is likely to be metallic or non-

metallic in character.
AGNIAS RA
Ans - All the members of group-VIlA are non-metals except astatine, which is a
metalloid.
VARIATIONS
3 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.In period 3 of the periodic table, element B is placed to the left of
element A. On the basis of this information, choose the correct word
from the brackets to complete the following statements.
(i) The element B would have (lower/higher) metallic character than A.
(ii) The element A would probably have (lesser/ higher) electron affinity
than B.
(iii) The element A would have (greater/smaller) atomic size than B.
Ans - If in period 3 of the periodic table, element B is placed to the left of

element A. then
(i) The element B would have higher metallic character than A. Due to
increase in effective nuclear charge experienced by valence electrons,
metallic character decreases across a period.
(ii) The element A would probably have higher electron affinity than B.
As we move from left to right in the periodic table, the atomic size
decreases and the nuclear charge increases, thus the electron affinity
increases.
(iii) The element A would have smaller atomic size than B. An increase
in nuclear charge tends to pull the valence electrons closer to the
nucleus and reduces the size of the atom.
2.The metals of group 2 from top to bottom are Be, Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba.
(i) Which one of these elements will form ions most readily and why?
(ii) State the common feature in the electronic configuration of all these
elements.
Ans - Ba element will form ions most readily.Since, it is more metallic

and loses ions easily. Ba has two electrons in the outermost shell and it
has a tendency to lose valence electrons and form a positive ion.
(ii) All these elements have 2 electrons in the outermost shell
AGNIAS RA
VARIATIONS
3.An element Z has atomic number 16. Answer the following
questions on Z
(I) State the period and group to which Z belongs.
(ii) Is Z metal or a non-metal?
Ans - Atomic number of element Z = 16

Electronic configuration K L M
286
Number of shells is 3 (i.e. K, L, M)
So, period is 3. Group no. VIA
(ii) Z is a non-metal. Since, non-metals usually have 5, 6 or 7
electrons in their outermost orbits.
4.There are three elements E, F, G with atomic number 19, 8 and 17

respectively. Classify the elements as metals and non-metals.
Ans - Electronic configuration of E is K L M N
2881
Electronic configuration of F is K L
26
Electronic configuration of G is K L M
287
E is metal because it has one electron in its outermost shell
Non-metals usually have 5, 6, or 7 electrons in their outermost
shell.
So, F and G are non-metals.
5.What is the common feature of the electronic configurations of

the elements at the end of period 2 and period 3?
Ans - At the end of each period the elements have 8 electrons in

their outermost shell, i.e. their outer shell is complete.
AGNIAS RA
VARIATIONS
4 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.Arrange the following as per the instruction given in the brackets
(i) He, Ar, Ne (Increasing order of the number of electron shells)
(ii) Na, Li, K (Increasing ionisation energy)
(iii) F, CI, Br (Increasing electronegativity)
(Iv) Na, K, Li (Increasing atomic size)
Ans - Number of electron shells increases down the group He<Ne<Ar

(ii) Ionisation energy decreases down the group. K<Na<Li
(iii) Electronegativity decreases down the group Br<CI<F
(Iv) Atomic size increases down the group. Li<Na<K
2.Use the letters only written in the periodic table given below to answer
the questions that follow:
(i) State the number of valence electrons in atom J.

(ii) Which element forms ions with a single negative Charge?
(iii) Which metallic element is more reactive than R?
(iv) Which element has its electrons arranged in four shells?
Ans - Ans - (i) Since, J belongs to VA group of periodic table, hence

number of valence electrons is 5.
(ii) Element 'M belonging to the VII A group of periodic table form ions
with a single negative charge.
(iii) 1 is more reactive than R.
(Iv) Since, I belongs to 4th period, therefore, it has its electrons arranged
in four shells.
AGNIAS RA
VARIATIONS
3.Arrange the following as per the instructions given in the brackets.
(I) Cs, Na, Li, K, Rb (increasing order of metallic character)
(ii) Mg, CI, Na, S, Si (decreasing order of atomic size)
(iii) Na, K, CI, S, Si (increasing order of ionisation energy)
(iv) CI, F, Br, I (increasing order of electron affinity)
Ans - Metallic nature increases as one moves down a group.

Li<Na<K<Rb <Cs
(ii) Atomic size decreases from left to right in a period Na > Mg> Si>S>
(iii) Ionisation energy tends to increase as one moves from left to right across a
period. K<Na<Si<s<CI
(Iv) Electron affinity increases in a period, i.e. from left to right in a period I<Br<CI<F
4.Choose the most appropriate answer from the following list of oxides which fit the
description. Each answer may be used only once.
[SO2, SiO2, Al2O, MgO, CO, Na2O]
(i) A basic oxide.
(ii) An oxide which dissolves in water forming an acid.
(iii) An amphoteric oxide.
(iv) A covalent oxide of a metalloid.
Ans - (i) Basic oxides Na2O, MgO, (ii) SO2, (iii) Al2O3, (IV) SiO2
5.Copy and complete the following sentences choosing the correct word or words
from those given in brackets at the end of each sentence.
(i) The properties of the elements are a periodic function of their ...... (atomic
number, mass number, relative atomic mass).
(ii) Moving across a ......... of the periodic table the element show increasing ...
character (group, period, metallic, non-metallic).
(iii) The element at the bottom of a group would be expected to show ...... metallic
character than the element at the top (less, more).
(iv) The similarities in the properties of a group of elements is because they have
the similar ..... (electronic configuration, number of outer electrons atomic
numbers.
Ans - (i) atomic number, (ii) period, non-metallic (iii) more (iv) electronic
configuration
VARIATIONS
5 MARKS QUESTIONS
(I) Match the atomic number 2, 4, 8, 15 and 19 with each of the following
(i) A solid non metal belonging to the third period.
(ii) A metal of valency 1.
(iii) A gaseous element with valency 2.
(iv) An element belonging to group 2.
(v) A rare gas.
Ans - (i) Atomic number - 15 (Phosphorus), (ii) Atomic number - 19

(Potassium), (iii) Atomic number - 8 (Oxygen), (Iv) Atomic number -4
(Beryllium), (v) Atomic number - 2 (Helium)
(2) Consider the section of the periodic table given below.
You must see the position of the element in the periodic table.
Some element are given in their own symbol and position in the periodic
table, while others are shown with a letter. With reference to the table (i
Which is the most electronegative?
(I) How many valence electrons are present in G?
(ii)Write the formula of the compound between B and H.
(iii)In the compound between F and J, what type of bond will be formed?
(Iv)Draw the electron dot structure for the compound formed between
C and K.
Ans - (i) Element J is most electronegative., (ii) Electronic configuation of G

= 2, 8, 5 Therefore G has five valence electrons, I(iii) Valency of element B =
Valency of element H = - 2 (Group number = 16) So, formula is B,H
(iv) Between Fand J, covalent bond will be formed
(V) Valence electron in C = 2, valence electron in K = 7
Electron dot structure of C is And K is AGNIAS RA
VARIATIONS
3.A group of elements in the periodic table are given below (boron is the
first member of the group and thallium is the last) Boron, aluminium,
gallium, indium, thallium
Answer the following questions in relation to the above group of elements.
(I) Which element has the most metallic character?
(ii) Which element would be expected to have the highest
electronegativity?
(iii) If the electronic configuration of aluminium is 2, 8, 3, how many
electröns are there in the outer shell of thallium?
(iv) The atomic number of boron is 5. Write the chemical formula of the
compound formed when boron reacts with chlorine.
(v) Will the elements in the group to the right of this boron group be more
metallic or less metallic in character? Justify your answer.
Ans - Thallium has the most metallic character.

(ii) Boron has the highest electronegativity, because electronegativity
decreases down a group.
(iii) Three electrons are there in the outermost shell of thallium because
both belong to the same group-III A.
(iv) Atomic number of B = 5 Electronic configuration of B
K. L
23
Valency of B is 3
Electronic configuration of CI (atomic number 17)
KLM
2 8 7 so valency of Cl is -1. So, chemical formula is BCI3
(V) Less metallic in character, because on moving across a period,
metallic nature decreases
AGNIAS RA
VARIATIONS
4.The elements of one short period of the periodic table are
given below in the order from left to right.
Li, Be, B, C, O, F, Ne
(i) To which period do these elements belong?
(ii) One element of this period is missing. Which is the
missing element and where Should it be placed?
(iii) Which one of the elements in this period show the
property of catenation?
(iv) Place the three elements fluorine, beryllium and nitrogen
in the order of increasing electronegativity.
(V) Which one of the above elements belongs to the halogen
series?
Ans - These elements belongs to second period.

(ii) Nitrogen is missing. It should be placed between carbon
(C) and oxygen (O), (iii) Carbon (C) shows the property of
catenation.
(iv) Beryllium < nitrogen < fluorine
Electronegativity increases from left to right in a period.
(V) F belongs to the halogen series.
AGNIAS RA
CHEMICAL BONDING
1 MARK QUESTIONS
1.Fill up the blanks with the correct choice given in bracket.
(I) Ionic or electrovalent compounds do not conduct electricity in their….….
state. (fused/solid)
(ii) The compound that does not have a lone pair of electrons is .……
(water, ammonia, carbon tetrachloride)
Ans - (i) solid, (II) Carbon tetrachloride.
2.Which of the following is a common characteristic of a covalent

compound?
(a) High melting point
(b) Consists of molecules
(c) Always soluble in water
(d) Conducts electricity when it is in the molten state
Ans - (b) The constituent particles of covalent compounds are molecules.
3.Fill in the blank with the correct choice given in the bracket.
Electrovalent compounds have .…… (high/low) melting points.
Ans - high
4.Bonding in this molecule can be understood to involve coordinate

bonding.
(a)Carbon tetrachloride
(b)Hydrogen
(c) hydrogen chloride
(d) Ammonium chloride
Ans - (d) In ammonium chloride (NH4CI), there is coordinate bonding.
5.Give suitable chemical term for the following

A bond formed by a shared pair of electrons with both electrons coming
from the same atom.
Ans - Coordinate bond
AGNIAS RA
CHEMICAL BONDING
6. Among the following compounds identify the compounds that has all
the three bonds (ionic, covalent and coordinate bond).
(A) Ammonia
(B) Ammonium chloride
(C) Sodium hydroxide
(D) Calcium chloride
Ans - (B) Ammonium chloride, NH4Cl is an example of a compound
which has all the three bonds.
7.Give reason why?

Sodium chloride will conduct electricity only in fused or aqueous
solution state.
Ans - Fused state or aqueous solution of sodium chloride contains
mobile ions (or free ions) like Na+Cl- OH-, H3O+ ions, which are
responsible for the conduction of electricity.
8.Give one word or phrase for the following statement Formation of ions
from molecules.
Ans - Ionisation.
9. What is the term defined in this case?

A bond formed by a shared pair of electrons, each bonding atom
contributing one electron to the pair.
Ans - covalent bond
10.Which of the following is not a common characteristic of an

electrovalent compound?
1. High melting point.
2. Conducts electricity when molten.
3. Consists of oppositely charged ions.
4. Does not ionise when dissolved in water.
Ans. (4) Water being a polar covalent compound, decreases the
electrostatic forces of attraction, resulting, in free ions in aqueous
solution.
e.g. NaCI ——-> Na+ (ag) + CI-(ag) AGNIAS RA
CHEMICAL BONDING
2 MARK QUESTIONS
1.Give a reason for each of the following
(i) Ionic compounds have a high melting point.
(ii) Inert gases do not form ions.
Ans - Ionic compounds have high melting point due to the presence of
strong electrostatic force of attraction. It requires a large amount of energy
to break these forces of attraction.
(ii) Inert gases do not form ions due to 25. stable electronic configuration,
i.e. they 26. have completely filled outermost shell and thus neither donate
nor gain electrons.
2.State the type of bonding in the following molecules

(i) water, (ii) calcium oxide
Ans - Water (H2O) - covalent bonding (ii) Calcium oxide (CaO)- ionic
bonding
3.Explain the bonding in metune molecule using electron dot structure.

Ans - Methane, CH4
To attain the stable electronic configuration of the nearest noble gas,
carbon needs four electrons and hydrogen needs one electron.
When a molecule of methane is to be formed, one atom of carbon shares
four electron pairs, one with each of the four atoms of hydrogen.
4.Choose the correct answer from the choices a, b, c and d.

The property which is characteristic of an electrovalent compound is that
(A) it is easily vaporised
(b) it has a high melting point
(C) it is a weak electrolyte
(D) it often exists as a liquid
Ans - Electrovalent compounds have high melting point.Reason - Strong
electrostatic force of attraction between ions. Large amount of energy is
AGNIAS RA
required to break the force of attraction and thus electrovalent
compounds have high melting point.
CHEMICAL BONDING
5.Draw the appropriate structural formula of carbon tetrachloride
and state the type of bond present in it.
Ans - Electronic configuration of C = 2, 4 and CI = 2, 8, 7
Carbon needs 4 electrons, while CI requires 1 more electron to attain
the stable electronic configuration of nearest noble gas, by
completing their octet.
Bond present in carbon tetrachloride is covalent bond.
6.Element X is a metal with a valency 2, Y is a non-metal with a

valency 3.
(I) Write an equation to show how Y forms an ion.
(ii) If Y is a diatomic gas, write an equation for the direct
combination of X and Y to form a compound.
Ans - X - Metal (valency 2)
Y - Non-metal (valency 3)
(i) Y + 3e- —> Y3-
(ii) 3X + Y2 ——> X3Y2
7.An element L consists of molecules.

(I) What type of bonding is present in the particles that make up L?
(ii) When I is heated with iron metal, it forms a compound Fe L. What
chemical term would you use to describe the change undergone by
L?
Ans - (i) Covalent bonding
(ii) L has undergone reduction by accepting electrons.
AGNIAS RA
CHEMICAL BONDING
3 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.(i) What do you understand by a lone pair of electrons?
(II) Draw the electron dot diagram of hydronium ion. (H = 1, O = 8)
Ans - (I) A lone pair of electrons can be defined as the pair of valence
shell electrons that are not shared with another atom.
(ii) Electronic configuration of H = 1 and O = 2, 6. Hydronium ion is
formed by the combination of water molecule and hydrogen ion. The
oxygen atom of a water molecule possesses two lone pair of
electrons.
Out of these two lone pair of electrons, one lone pair is used to donate
to hydrogen ion.
2.Explain why carbon tetrachloride does not dissolve in water?

(ii) Elements and S react together to form an ionic compound. Under
normal conditions, which physical state will the compound OS exist
in?
(ii) Can and S, both be metals? Justify your answer.
AGNIAS RA
CHEMICAL BONDING
Ans - (i) Carbon tetrachloride is non-polar covalent compound
and water is a polar covalent compound. So, carbon tetrachloride
does not dissolve in water.
(ii) Under normal conditions an ionic compound exists in solid
state. Thus, the compound QS will exist in solid
state.
(iii)To form an ionic compound, if one element gives electrons
then the other accepts electrons. Metals can only lose electrons
and provide positive ions and non-metals accept electrons and
form negative ions.
Therefore, both Q and S cannot be metal because they form ionic
compound with each other. If Q is metal then S will be non-metal
or vice-versa.
3.Fill in the blanks with correct choice given in bracket.

(i) In covalent compounds, the bond is formed due to the .
.... (sharing/transfer) of electrons.
(ii) Electrovalent compounds have a ...... (low/high) boiling point.
(iii)A molecule of …….. (hydrogen, ammonia, nitrogen) contains a
triple bond.
Ans -(i) sharing, (ii) High, (iii) Nitrogen.
4.Match column A with column B

Column A. Column B
sodium chloride. Covalent bond
Ammonium ion. Ionic bond
Carbon tetrachloride. Covalent and coordinate bond
Ans - sodium chloride - Ionic bond

Ammonium - Covalent and coordinate bond
Carbon tetrachloride.- Covalent bond
AGNIAS RA
CHEMICAL BONDING
5.Compound X consists of molecules,
Choose the letter corresponding to the correct answer from the
choices a, b, c and d given below
(I) The type of bonding in X will be
(a) ionic
(b) electrovalent
(c) covalent
(d) molecular
(II) X is likely to have a

(A) low melting point and high boiling point
(B) high melting point and low boiling point
(C) low melting point and low boiling point
(D) high melting point and high boiling point
(iii) In the liquid state, X will

(A) become ionic
(B) be an electrolyte
(C) conduct electricity
(D) not conduct electricity
Ans - Compound X consist of molecules.
(i) (c) So, the type of bonding in compound X will be covalent.
(ii) (c) Covalent compounds have low melting and low boiling
points because they have weak forces of attraction between the
binding molecules, thus less energy is required to break the force
of binding
(iii) (d) in liquid state, x will not conduct electricity because it
does not have free electrons
AGNIAS RA
CHEMICAL BONDING
4 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.Draw an electron dot diagram to show the formation of each of the
following compounds
(i) Methane
(ii) Magnesium chloride [H= 1, C = 6, Mg = 12, Cl = 17]
Ans - Methane, CH4
To attain the stable electronic configuration of the nearest noble gas,
carbon needs four electrons and hydrogen needs one electron.
When a molecule of methane is to be formed, one atom of carbon
shares four electron pairs, one with each of the four atoms of
hydrogen.
(II) Electron dot structure of magnesium chloride. The number of

valence electrons of magnesium ion (atomic number 12) is 2 and that
of chlorine (atomic number 17) is 7. Magnesium atom acquires a
stable configuration of 8 electrons by losing two electrons from its
outmost shell and each CI-atom accepts 1g of the 2 electrons
donated by Mg
-atom.
2.The following table shows the electronic configuration

Element W. X. Y. Z.
Electronic configuration 2,8,1. 2,8,7. 2,5. 1
Answer the following questions based on the above table:
(i) What type of bond is formed between W and X? Y and Z? AGNIAS RA
CHEMICAL BONDING
Ans - I. Electrovalent bond, ii Covalent bond
(II) I. X is chlorine (CI) and Z is hydrogen (H), therefore,
formula of the compound is HCI.
W is sodium (Na) and X is chlorine

(CI) therefore, formula of the compound is NaCI.
3.Name the charged particles, which attract one another to

form electrovalent compounds.
(ii) In the formation of electrovalent compounds, electrons are
transferred from one element to another. How are electrons
involved in the formation of a covalent compound?
(iii) The electronic configuration of nitrogen is 2, 5. How many
electrons in the outer shell of a nitrogen atom are not involved
in the formation of a nitrogen molecule?
(iv) In the formation of magnesium chloride (by direct
combination between magnesium and chlorine), name the
substance that is oxidised and the substance that is reduced.
Ans - Cations are positively charged ions and anions are

negatively charged ions.
(ii) In the formation of a covalent compound, sharing of one,
two or three pairs of electrons between two atoms takes
place.
(iii) Two electrons.
(Iv) Magnesium is oxidised and chlorine is reduced.
AGNIAS RA
ACIDS,BASES AND SALTS
1 MARK QUESTION
1.Give a reason for
'Conductivity of dilute hydrochloric acid is greater than that of acetic
acid?.
Ans - Conductivity of a solution depends upon the number of ions
produced into the solution.Hydrochloric acid (HCI) being a strong
acid completely ionised in solution, whereas acetic acid (CH3COOH)
is a weak acid and hence does not completely ionised.
2.Fill in the blank from the choice given in bracket.

When a metallic oxide is dissolved in water, the solution formed has a
high concentration of………. Ions (H+, H3O+, OH-)
Ans OH-
3.To increase the pH value of a neutral solution, we should add

(a) an acid (b) an acid salt
(c) an alkali. (d) a salt
Ans - (c) To increase the pH value of a neutral solution, we should
add an alkali.
4.Fill in the blank with the correct choice given in the bracket.
Higher the pH value of a solution, the more ........ (acidic/alkaline) it is.
Ans - Alkaline
5. Give appropriate scientific reason for

The electrical conductivity of acetic acid is less in comparison to the
electrical conductivity of dilute sulphuric acid at a given
concentration'.
Ans - The electrical conductivity of acetic acid is less because it
contains ions as well as molecules but sulphuric acid contains only
(almost) free ions and so, it conducts more electricity than acetic
acid.
AGNIAS RA
6.Write a balanced chemical equation for the following Reaction of

zinc with potassium hydroxide solution.
Ans -
7.State one relevant observation for

"Barium chloride solution is slowly added to sodium sulphate solution'.
Ans - When barium chloride solution is slowly added to sodium
sulphate solution, a white precipitate of barium sulphate is formed.
8.Fill up the blank with the correct choice given in bracket.

The salt prepared by the method of direct combination is……………..
(iron II chloride/iron III chloride)
Ans - iron II chloride
9.Anhydrous iron (III) chloride is prepared by

(a) direct combination. (c) decomposition
(b) simple displacement. (d) neutralisation
Ans - (a) Anhydrous iron (III) chloride is prepared by direct
combination
10.Identify the substance underlined, in the case

A solid formed by reaction of two gases, one of which is acidic and the
other basic in nature.'
Ans - Salt
AGNIAS RA
2 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.Three solutions P, O and R have pHI value of 3.5, 5.2 and 12.2,
respectively. Which one of these is a
(i) strong alkali?
(ii) weak acid ?
Ans - Three solutions P,Q, R have pH value of
3.5, 5.2 and 12.2, respectively. Thus,
(I) Solution O will behave as a weak acid
as acidic solution has pH < 7 and with increase in pH, acidity of
solution decreases.
(ii) Solution R will behave as a strong alkali or base because of having
pH > 7, it acts as a basic solution and rest of them (P and Q ) acts as
an acidic solution.
2.Write the balanced chemical equation.

(I) Calcium bicarbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.
(II) Dilute sulphuric acid is poured over sodium sulphite.
Ans -
3.Write the balanced equation for the following

(i) Potassium hydrogen carbonate and dilute sulphuric acid.
(ii) Copper oxide and dilute hydrochloric acid.
Ans-
4.Write a balanced equation for the preparation of each of the

following salts
(i) Copper sulphate from copper carbonate.
(ii) Zinc carbonate from zinc sulphate.
Ans -
AGNIAS RA
5.Write a balanced chemical equation for the preparation of each of
the following salts
(i) Copper carbonate
(ii) Ammonium sulphate crystals
Ans -
6.Give the balanced equations for the following reactions

(i) Dilute nitric acid and copper carbonate.
(ii) Silver nitrate solution and sodium chloride solution.
Ans -
AGNIAS RA
3 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.Name the kind of particles present in
(I) sodium hydroxide solution
(II) Carbonic acid
(III) sugar solution
Ans . (I)Na+ and OH- ions are present in sodium hydroxide solution.
(II)Carbonic acid, H2CO3 is a weak acid.So, ions and molecules are
present.
(III) Sugar solution (C12H22O11) do not dissociates, thus molecules are
present in sugar solution.
2.Solution A is a sodium hydroxide solution. Solution B is a weak acid.

Solution C is dilute sulphuric acid. Which solution will
(i) liberate sulphur dioxide from sodium sulphite?
(ii) give a white precipitate with zinc sulphate solution?
(iii) contain solute molecules and ions?
Ans - (i) Solution C - dilute sulphuric acid
(ii) A - Sodium hydroxide solution
(iii) B - weak acid contains molecules and ions
3. Write the equations for the following reactions

(I) Dilute sulphuric acid and barium chloride.
(II) Dilute hydrochloric acid and lead nitrate solution.
(III) Dilute sulphuric acid and sodium sulphide.
Ans -
AGNIAS RA
4.Mention the colour changes observed when the following indicators

are added to.
(I) Alkaline phenolphthalein solution
(ii) Methyl orange solution
(III) Neutral litmus solution
Ans - (i) Colour changes from pink to colourless.
(ii) By adding methyl orange solution colour changes from orange to
pink red.
(iii) By litmus solution colour changes from colourless to red.
5.Give the balanced chemical equations to prepare the following salts

(i) Lead sulphate from lead carbonate.
(ii) Sodium sulphate using dilute sulphuric acid.
(iii) Copper chloride using copper carbonate.
Ans -
AGNIAS RA
4 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.Solution A is a strong acid; solution B is a weak acid solution C is a
strong alkali
(i) Which solution contains solute molecules in addition to water
molecules?
(ii) Which solution will give a gelatinous white precipitate with zinc
sulphate solution?The precipitate disappears when an excess of the
solution is added
(III) Which solution could be a solution of glacial acetic acid?
(IV) Give an example of solution which is a weak alkali.
Ans - (i) Solution B weak acid contains solute molecules in addition to
water molecules.
(ii) Solution C strong alkali gives a gelatinous white precipitate with
zinc sulphate solution.
(III) Solution B weak acid could be a solution of glacial acetic acid.
(iV) Ammonium hydroxide solution, NH4OH.
2.Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

An acid is a compound which when dissolved in water forms
hydronium ions as the only (i) ...... ion. A base is a compound which is
soluble in water contain (II) ……... ions. A base reacts with an acid to
form a (iii) .....…. and water only. This type of reaction known as (iv)………
Ans - (i) Positive ion (ii) Hydroxide (iii) Salt (iv) Neutralisation
3.Write the equations for the laboratory preparation of the following

salts using sulphuric acid.
(i) Iron II sulphate from iron (ii) Copper sulphate from copper
(iii) Lead sulphate from lead nitrate (iv) Sodium sulphate from
sodium carbonate
Ans -
AGNIAS RA
5 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.from the list given below, select the word(s) required to correctly
complete blanks (i) to (v) in the following passage. The words from
the list are to be used only once.
Write the answers as (a) (i), (ii), (iv) and so on. Do not copy the
passage. [ammonia, ammonium carbonate, carbon dioxide,
hydrogen, hydronium, hydroxide, precipitate, salt, water]
A solution M turns blue litmus red, so it must contain (i)………... ions;

another solution O turns red litmus blue and hence, must contain (ii)
………ions. When solutions M and O are mixed together, the products will
be (iii) .... and (iv) ........
If a piece of magnesium was put into a solution M, (v) .... gas would be
evolved.
Ans - (i) hydronium ion [H3O+]

(ii) hydroxide ion [OH-]
(iii) salt
(iv) water
(V) Hydrogen
Reason Active metal like Mg reacts with acid, liberate hydrogen gas].
2.Making use only of substances chosen from those given below,

Dilute sulphuric acid Sodium carbonate
Sodium sulphite Lead
Calcium carbonate. Zinc
Give the equations for the reactions by which you could obtain
(i) hydrogen gas (ii) sulphur dioxide (iii) carbon dioxide
(iv) zinc carbonate (two steps required)
AGNIAS RA
Ans -
3.Name the method used for the preparation of the following sals
from the list given below
List I
(i) Sodium nitrate
(II) Lead chloride
(iii) Iron (III) chloride
(IV) Zinc sulphate
(V) Sodium hydrogen sulphate
List II
(A) Simple displacement
(C) Decomposition by acid
(B) Neutralisation
(D) Double decomposition
(E) Direct synthesis
Ans - List I. List II

Sodium nitrate. Neutralisation
Iron (III) chloride Direct synthesis
Lead chloride. Double decomposition
Zinc sulphate. Simple displacement
Sodium hydrogen sulphate. Decomposition by acid
AGNIAS RA
4.Write the balanced equations for the following reactions
(i) Lead sulphate from lead nitrate solution and dilute sulphuric acid.
(II) Copper sulphate from copper and concentrated sulphuric acid.
(III) Lead chloride from lead nitrate solution and sodium chloride
solution.
(IV) Ammonium sulphate from ammonia and dilute sulphuric acid.
(V) Sodium chloride from sodium carbonate solution and dilute
hydrochloric acid.
Ans -
AGNIAS RA
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
1 MARK QUESTIONS
1.The salt solution which does not react with ammonium hydroxide is
(a) calcium nitrate (b) zinc nitrate
(c) lead nitrate. (d) copper nitrate
Ans - (a) Calcium nitrate does not react with ammonium hydroxide
because the concentration of OH- ions produced by the ionisation of
NH4OH is very low, that cannot form precipitate of calcium hydroxide.
2.Write a balanced chemical equation.

Reaction of sodium hydroxide solution with iron (III) chloride solution.
Ans -

Lead nitrate solution is treated with sodium hydroxide solution
dropwise till it is in excess.'
Ans -
4.A chloride which forms a precipitate that is soluble in excess of

ammonium hydroxide, is
(a) calcium chloride. (c) ferric chloride
(b) ferrous chloride. (d) copper chloride
Ans -
AGNIAS RA
5.Identify the substance underlined, in the given case.

"Cation that does not form a precipitate with ammonium hydroxide
but forms precipitate with sodium hydroxide.'
Ans - Ca2+ does not form precipitate with NH4OH but forms with
NaOH.
Reaction of calcium salt with sodium hydroxide

'Action of sodium hydroxide solution on ferrous sulphate solution.'
Ans - On adding sodium hydroxide drop by drop to a Solution of
ferrous ion, a dirty green precipitate is formed which turns reddish
brown after sometime and is insoluble in excess of sodium hydroxide.
7. Fill in the blank with the correct choice given in the bracket
…………AgCl/PbCI2), a white precipitate is soluble in excess NH4OH.
Ans - AgCl
8.State your observation.

When excess sodium hydroxide is added to calcium nitrate solution.
Ans - White precipitates of calcium hydroxide are formed.
AGNIAS RA
9.Give a chemical test to distinguish between the following pair of

compound.
Calcium nitrate solution and zinc nitrate solution.
Ans - Action with NaOH can distinguish Ca(NO3)2 and Zn(NO3) 2.
10. Name the gas evolved on reaction of aluminium with boiling

concentrated caustic alkali solution. Write the equation.
Ans - Hydrogen gas
AGNIAS RA
2 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.How will you distinguish between ammonium hydroxide and
sodium hydroxide using copper sulphate solution?
Ans - On adding NaOH drop by drop to a solution of copper salt,
pale blue precipitate is formed which is insoluble in excess of
sodium hydroxide.
On adding ammonium hydroxide drop by drop to a solution of

copper salt, a pale blue precipitate is formed, which dissolves in
excess of ammonium hydroxide to give deep blue or inky blue or
Prussian blue solution.
2.State your observations when ammonium hydroxide solution is

added drop by drop and then in excess to each of the following
solutions
(i) Copper sulphate solution
(ii) Zinc sulphate solution
Ans -
AGNIAS RA
3. Distinguish between the following pairs of compounds using the
test given within brackets.
(i) A lead salt [Pb2+] and a zinc salt (Zn2+) (using excess
ammonium hydroxide).
(ii) Iron (II) sulphate and iron (III) sulphate (using ammonium
hydroxide).
Ans - On adding ammonium hydroxide drop by drop to a solution
of zinc salt, a white precipitate is formed, which is soluble in excess
of ammonium hydroxide.
On adding ammonium hydroxide drop by drop to a solution of lead

salt, a white precipitate is formed which is insoluble in excess of
ammonium hydroxide.
(ii) On adding ammonium hydroxide drop by drop to a solution of

ferrous salt, a dirty green precipitate is formed which turns reddish
brown after sometime and is insoluble in excess of ammonium
hydroxide. In case of ferric salt, a reddish brown precipitate is
formed, which is insoluble in excess of ammonium hydroxide.
AGNIAS RA
4.Name the compound
(i) Which solution becomes a deep/inky blue colour when excess of
ammonium hydroxide is added to it?
(ii) Which solution gives a white precipitate with excess ammonium
hydroxide solution?
Ans - (i) Copper sulphate (CuSO4)
(ii) Lead nitrate [Pb(NO3)2]
AGNIAS RA
3 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.Identify the cations in each of the following case
(i) NaOH solution when added to the solution A gives a reddish brown
precipitate.
(ii) NH4OH solution when added to the solution B gives white precipitate
which does not dissolve in excess of NH4OH.
(ii) NaOH solution when added to solution C gives white precipitate
which is insoluble in excess of NHOH.
Ans -
2. Sodium hydroxide solution is added to the solution containing the

ions mentioned in Column I and Column II gives the details of the
precipitate. Match the ions with their coloured precipitates.
S.NO. COLUMN I. COLUMN II

1. Pb2+. A. Reddish Brown
2. Fe2+. B. White soluble in excess
3. Zn2+. C. Dirty green
4. Fe3+. D. White soluble in excess
5. Cu2+. E. White soluble in excess
6. Ca2+ F. Blue
Ans - S.NO. COLUMN I. COLUMN II

1. Pb2+. A. White soluble in excess
2. Fe2+. B. Dirty green
3. Zn2+. C. White soluble in excess
4. Fe3+. D. Reddish Brown
5. Cu2+. E. Blue
6. Ca2+. F. White soluble in excess
AGNIAS RA
4 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.Give a chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of
chemicals
(i) Lead nitrate solution and zinc nitrate solution.
(ii) Sodium chloride solution and sodium nitrate solution.
Ans - Following are the chemical tests to distinguish between
(i) Lead Nitrate Solution and Zinc Nitrate Solution On adding
ammonium hydroxide drop by drop to a solution of zinc nitrate, a white
gelatinous precipitate is formed, which is soluble in excess of
ammonium hydroxide
(ii) Sodium Chloride Solution and Sodium Nitrate Solution To a solution

of sodium chloride when a few drops of AgNO, (silver nitrate) solution is
added, a white precipitate of AgCI (silver chloride) is obtained, while in
case of sodium nitrate, no such reaction takes place.
2.The following table shows the tests a student performed on four

different aqueous solutions which are X, Y, Z and W. Based on the
observations provided, identify the cation present
AGNIAS RA
Ans - (i) Cation present is zinc (Zn2+ ion)as Zn is soluble in excess of
ammonium hydroxide.
(ii) Cation present is copper (Cu2+ ion) as pale blue precipitate is

soluble in excess of ammonium hydroxide.
(iii) Cation present is calcium (Ca2+ ion) as white precipitate remains

insoluble in sodium hydroxide.
(iv) Cation present in ammonium ion (NH|) and the gas evolve is
ammonia, which turns moist red litmus paper blue shows that
ammonia gas is alkaline in nature.
AGNIAS RA
5 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.Sodium hydroxide solution is added first in a small quantity, then in
excess to the aqueous salt solutions of copper (II) sulphate, zinc nitrate,
lead nitrate, calcium chloride and iron (III) sulphate. Copy the following
table and write the colour of the precipitate in (i) to (v) and the nature
of the precipitate (soluble or insoluble) in (vi) to (x).
Ans -
2. Copy and complete the following table which summarises the effect
of adding a small amount of sodium hydroxide to various salt solutions
followed by an excess of the reagent and then adding ammonium
hydroxide (ammonia solution) in a small amount, followed by an
excess to another sample of each of the salt solutions.
AGNIAS RA
Ans -
AGNIAS RA
MOLE CONCEPT
1 MARK QUESTIONS
1.The ratio between the number of molecules in 2 g of hydrogen and 32
g of oxygen is [Atomic mass: H = 1, O= 16 ]
(a) 1:2. (b) 1:0.01
(c) 1:1. (d) 0.01:1
Ans - H2 : O2
given mass - 2g. 32g
Molecular mass 2*1= 2. 2*16= 32
[Given, mass are also in the ratio 2 g: 32 g]
Therefore Ratio of number of molecules is 1: 1.
2.State Avogadro's law.

Ans - According to Avogadro's law, equal volume contain equal
number of molecules under similar conditions.
3.A vessel contains X number of molecules of hydrogen gas at a certain

temperature and pressure. How many molecules of nitrogen gas would
be present in the same vessel under the same conditions of
temperature and pressure?
Ans - X number of molecules
4.State Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes.

Ans - According to this law, "when gases react, they do so in volumes
which bear a simple ratio to one another and to the volume of the
gaseous product, provided that all the volumes are measured at the
same temperature and pressure'
5.The gas law which relates the volume of a gas to the number of
molecules of the gas is
(a) Avogadro's law. (b) Gay-Lussac's law
(c) Boyle's law. (d) Charles' law
Ans - (a) Avogadro's Law.
AGNIAS RA
MOLE CONCEPT
6.Give one word or phrase for

'The ratio of the mass of a certain volume of gas to the mass of an
equal volume of hydrogen under the same conditions of temperature
and pressure.
Ans - Vapour density
7.The vapour density of carbon dioxide [C = 12, O = 16| is

(a) 32. (b) 16
(c) 44. (d) 22
Ans - Vapour density =
Weight of certain volume of gas/Weight of an equal volume of H2
= 44/2 = 22 g of CO2
8.A gas cylinder of capacity of 20 dm^3 is filled with a gas X, the mass
of which is 10 g. When the same cylinder is filled with hydrogen gas at
the same temperature and pressure the mass of the hydrogen is 2 g,
hence the relative molecular mass of the gas is
(a) 5. (c) 15
(b) 10. (d) 20
Ans - (b) Relative molecular mass of the gas is 10.
9.Define mole.
Ans - A mole is defined as the amount of a substance containing
elementary particles like atoms, molecules or ions in 12 g of carbon
(C-12)
10. Define atomic weight.

Ans - The relative atomic mass or atomic weight of an element is the
number of times of one atom of the element is heavier than 1/12 times
of the mass of an atom of C-12.
Relative Atomic Mass (RAM) =
Mass of 1 - atom of the element/ 1/12th mass of one C-12 atom
AGNIAS RA
MOLE CONCEPT
2 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.(I) If 150 cc of gas A contains X molecules, how many molecules of gas
B will be present in 75 cc of B? The gases A and B are under the same
temperature and pressure.
(ii) Name the law on which the above problem is based ?
Ans - Given, 150 cm^3 of gas A contains X molecules. Let 75 cm of gas
B contains Y molecules. According to Avogadro's law,
Thus, number of molecules of B will be the half of the number of

molecules of A.
(II) The law on which the above problem is based is known as
Avogadro's law which states that "under the same conditions of
temperature and pressure, equal volumes of all gases contain equal
number of molecules, irrespective of the nature of the gas"
2.Oxygen oxidises ethyne to carbon dioxide and water as shown by the

equation 2C2H2 + 5O2 ——> 4CO2 + 2H2O, What volume of ethyne gas
at STP is required to produce 8.4 dm of carbon dioxide at STP? [H = 1, C
= 12, O = 16]
Ans -
AGNIAS RA
MOLE CONCEPT
3.Solve the following

What volume of oxygen is required to burn completely 90 dm^3 of
butane, under similar condition of temperature and pressure?
2C4H10 + 13O2 ————> 8CO2+10H2O
Ans -
4.67.2 L of hydrogen combines with 44.8 L of nitrogen to form ammonia

under specific conditions as
N2(g) + 3H2 (g) ———>. 2NH3(g)
Calculate the volume of ammonia produced. What is the other
substance, if any, that remains in the resultant mixture?
Ans -
AGNIAS RA
MOLE CONCEPT
5. A gas cylinder contains 12 × 10^24 molecules of oxygen gas.

If Avogadro's number is 6 x10^24 calculate
(I) the mass of oxygen present in the cylinder.
(II) the volume of oxygen at STP present in the cylinder. Atomic mass of
O = 16
Ans -
6.The vapour density of a gas is 8. What would be the volume occupied

by 24.0 g of the gas at STP?
Ans -
7.The mass of 5.6 dm of a certain gas at STP is 12.0 g. Calculate the

relative molecular mass of the gas.
Ans -
AGNIAS RA
MOLE CONCEPT
8.Calculate the volume of 320 g of SO, at STP.

Atomic mass of S = 32 and O = 16].
Ans -
9. The percentage composition of a gas is nitrogen-82. 38%, hydrogen -

17.64%. Find the empirical formula of the gas. [N = 14, H = 1]
Ans -
10. Find the total percentage of magnesium in magnesium nitrate

crystals, Mg(NO3)2 * 6H2O. [Mg = 24, N = 14, O = 16 and H = 1]
Ans - Molecular mass of Mg(NO3)2 • 6H2O = 24 + (14 + 48) + 6 ×18 =
256 g, percentage of Mg = 24/256 *100 = 9.375%
11. Calculate the percentage of nitrogen and oxygen in ammonium

nitrate. [relative molecular mass of ammonium nitrate is 80. [H = 1, N =
14, O = 16]
Ans - Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3)
Relative molecular weight = 14 + 1 × 4 + 14 + 3 ×16 = 80
Total nitrogen in ammonium nitrate = 2
Molecular weight of 2N = 2 × 14 = 28
% of nitrogen = 28/80 *100 = 35%
Total oxygen in ammonium nitrate = 3

Molecular weight of 3 oxygen = 16 × 3 = 48
% of oxygen = 48/80*100 = 60%
AGNIAS RA
MOLE CONCEPT
12. Calculate the volume of oxygen required for the complete

combustion of 8.8 g of propane (C3H8)
[Atomic mass of C = 12, 0 - 16, H - 1, Molar volume = 22. 4 dm at STP]
Ans -
13.Commercial sodium hydroxide weighing 30 g has some sodium

chloride ink. The mixture on dissolving in water and subsequent
treatment with excess silver nitrate solution formed a precipitate
weighing 14.3 g. What is the percentage of sodium chloride in the
commercial sample of sodium hydroxide? The equation for the
reaction is
NaCI + AgNO3 ————> AgCl + NaNO3
[Relative molecular mass of NaCI = 58 and AgCI = 143]
Ans -
14.Given that the relative molecular mass of copper oxide is 80, what
volume of ammonia (measured at ST) is required to completely reduce
120 g of copper oxide? The equation for the reaction is
3CuO + 2NH3 ————> 3Cu + 3H20 + N2
[Volume occupied by 1 mole of gas at STP is 22.4 L]
Ans -
AGNIAS RA
MOLE CONCEPT
15.The reaction 4N20 + CH4 ———> CO2 + 2H2O + 4N2 takes place in the
gaseous state. If all volumes are measured at the same temperature
and pressure, calculate the volume of dinitrogen oxide (N2O) required
to give 150 cm of steam.
[N = 14, 0= 16, C = 12, H = 1]
Ans -
AGNIAS RA
MOLE CONCEPT
3 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.The equation 4NH3+ 5O2 ———> 4NO + 6H2O represents the catalytic
oxidation of ammonia. If 100 cm of ammonia is used, calculate the
volume of oxygen required to oxidise the ammonia completely.
Ans -
2.The volumes of gases A, B, Cand D are in the ratio, 1: 2: 2: 4 under the

same conditions of temperature and pressure.
(I) Which sample of gas contains the maximum number of molecules?
(II) If the temperature and the pressure of gas A are kept constant, then
what will happen to the volume of A when the number of molecules is
doubled?
(III) If this ratio of gas volumes refers to the reactants and products of a
reaction, which gas law is being observed?
Ans - Sample of gas D contains the maximum number of molecules.
(ii) When the number of molecules is doubled then the volume of the
gas A will get doubled.
(iii) Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes.
3.A cylinder contains 68 g of ammonia gas at STP.

(I) What is the volume occupied by this gas?
(ii) How many moles of ammonia are present in the cylinder?
(iii) How many molecules of ammonia are present in the cylinder? [N-
14, H-1]
Ans -
AGNIAS RA
MOLE CONCEPT
4.(i) Calculate the weight of gram atoms in 4.6 g of sodium (Na = 23).
(ii) Calculate the percentage of water of crystallisation in CuSO • 5H2O
(H = 1, 0 = 16, S = 32, Cu = 64)
(iii) A compound of X and Y has the empirical formula XY 2 Its vapour
density is equal to its empirical formula weight. Determine its molecular
formula.
Ans -
5.LPG stands for liquefied petroleum gas. Varieties of LPG are marketed
including a mixture of propane (60%) and butane (40%). If 10 L of this
mixture is burnt, find the total volume of carbon dioxide gas added to
the atmosphere. Combustion reactions can be represented as
Ans -
AGNIAS RA
MOLE CONCEPT
4 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.Aluminium carbide reacts with water according to the following
equation.
Al4C3 + 12H20 ——-> 4AL(OH)з + 3CH4
(I) What mass of aluminium hydroxide is formed from 12 g of aluminium
carbide?
(ii) What volume of methane at STP is obtained from 12 g of aluminium
carbide?
(Relative molecular weight of Al4C3 = 144g, Al(OH)3 = 78g)
Ans -
2. Ethane burns in oxygen to form CO2 and H2O according to the

equation, 2C2H6 + 7O2———-> 4CO2+6H2O
If 1250 cc of oxygen is burnt with 300 cc of ethane.
Calculate
(i) the volume of CO2formed.
(iI) the volume of unused O2
Ans -
AGNIAS RA
MOLE CONCEPT
3. From the equation C + 2H2SO4 ———-> CO2 + 2H2O + 2SO2

Calculate
(i) The mass of carbon oxidised by 49 g of sulphuric acid
(C = 12 relative molecular mass of sulphuric acid = 98).
(ii) The volume of sulphur dioxide measured at STP liberated at the
same time.
(Volume occupied by 1 mole of a gas at STP is 22.4 dm).
Ans -
4.A sample of ammonium nitrate when heated yields 8.96 L of steam

(measured at STP).
NH4NO3 ———> N2O+ 2H2O
(i) What volume of dinitrogen oxide is produced at the same time as
8.96 L of steam?
(ii) What mass of ammonium nitrate should be heated to produce 8.96
L of steam?
(Relative molecular mass of ammonium nitrate is 80).
Ans -
AGNIAS RA
MOLE CONCEPT
5 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.(1) A gas of mass 32 g has a volume of 20 L at STP. Calculate the gram
molecular weight of the gas.
(ii) How much calcium oxide is formed, when 82 g of calcium nitrate is
heated? Also, find the volume of nitrogen dioxide evolved.
Ans -
2. Complete the following calculations.

Atomic masses: S= 32, Ca = 40
(I) Calculate the mass of calcium that will contain the same number of
atoms as are present in 3.2 g of sulphur.
(II) If 6 L of hydrogen and 4 L of chlorine are mixed and exploded and if
water is added to the gases formed, find the volume of the residual gas.
(III) If the empirical formula of a compound is CH and it has a vapour
density of 13, find the molecular formula of the compound.
Ans -
AGNIAS RA
ELECTROLYSIS
1 MARK QUESTION
1.The electrolysis of acidifed water is an example of
(a) reduction. (b) oxidation
(c) redox reaction. (d) synthesis
Ans - (c) Electrolysis of acidified water is an example of redox reaction.

'Process of formation of ions from molecules, which are not in ionic
state.'
Ans - Ionisation
3.State one relevant observation

'At the anode, when molten lead bromide is electrolysed using graphite
electrodes.'
Ans - When molten lead bromide is electrolysed using graphite
electrode, dark reddish brown fumes of bromine is evolved at anode.
At anode : Br - ———-> Br + e-
Br + Br ———> Br2

Electrolysis of aqueous sodium chloride solution will for………….at the
cathode. (hydrogen gas/sodium metal).
Ans - Hydrogen Gas
5.Name the gas that is produced in the following case

At the anode during the electrolysis of acidified water.
Or
Name the product formed at the anode during the electrolysis of
acidified water using platinum electrodes.
Ans - During electrolysis of water using platinum electrodes, following
reaction takes place at anode
AGNIAS RA
ELECTROLYSIS
6.Identify the substance underlined in the following case
The electrolyte used for electroplating an article with silvers
Ans - Aqueous solution of sodium argentocyanide Na[Ag(CN)2]or
potassium argentocyanide K[Ag(CN)2] are used as electrolyte for
electroplating an article with silver.
7.Name the metallic ions that should be present in the electrolyte

when an article. made of copper is to be electroplated with silver.
Ans - Ag+ and Na+ ions are present in the electrolyte when an
article made of copper is electroplated with silver because the
electrolyte used is of sodium argentocyanide.
8.Give reasons, why?

In the electroplating of an article with silver, the electrolyte sodium
argentocyanide solution is preferred over silver nitrate solution.
Ans - If silver nitrate solution is used directly instead of
argentocyanide solution, the deposition of silver will be very fast
and hence not very smooth and uniform.
9. Select the correct answer from the list given in bracket.

During silver plating of an article using potassium argentocyanide
as an electrolyte, the anode material should be [Cu, Ag, Pt, Fe]
Ans - Ag
10.What ions must be present in a solution used for electroplating a

particular metal?
Ans - Metal ions must be present in solution because metal ions
make anode or ions of the metal with which cathode metal is to be
electroplated.
AGNIAS RA
ELECTROLYSIS
2 MARK QUESTIONS
1.For the electro-refining of copper,
(i) what is the cathode made up of ?
(ii) write the reaction that takes place at the anode.
Ans - For the electrolytic refining of copper
(i) Pure copper strip is taken as cathode and Cu2+ ions are discharged at the
cathode. Thus, pure copper deposited on the thin sheet of copper placed at a
cathode.
(II) Reaction at anode, Cu - > Cu2+ + 2e-
Impure copper is taken as anode and acidified solution of copper sulphate
(CuSO4)acts as an electrolyte.
2.Differentiate between the terms, strong electrolyte and weak electrolyte. (Stating
any two differences)
Ans -
3.Which electrode, anode or cathode is the oxidising electrode? Why?

Ans - Anode The electrode connected to the positive terminal of the battery is
called anode. During electrolysis, anode acquires a positive charge and hence
ions in a solution which are negatively charged (i.e. anions) migrate to the anode.
It is an oxidising electrode. Oxidation takes place at anode.
4.Electrolysis is the passage of ... (electricity/electrons) through a liquid or a

solution accompanied by A………. (physical/ chemical) change.
Ans - Electricity, chemicals
5.Name
(i) A liquid which is a non-electrolyte. (ii) A solid which undergoes electrolysis,
when molten. Ans - Carbon Tetra chloride, (ii) Lead Bromide
AGNIAS RA
ELECTROLYSIS
3 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.(i) Copy and complete the following table:
Anode Electrolyte
Purification of copper -
(ii)Write the equation taking place at the anode.
Ans - (i)
(ii) Equation taking place at the anode is

Ans , Cu - 2e- ————> Cu2+
2.Name the kind of particles present in

(i) sodium hydroxide solution (ii)sugar solution
(iii) carbonic acid
Ans - Sodium hydroxide solution is a strong electrolyte. Particles
present in sodium hydroxide solution are ions only, i.e. Na+ ion and OH-
ion
(II) Carbonic acid is a weak electrolyte, so particles present in weak
electrolytes are ions and unionised molecules.
(iii) Sugar particles, present in sugar solution (a non-electrolyte) are
molecules only
3.Match the following columns

Ans - column A. column B
Ammonium hydroxide solution Contains only ions
Dilute hydrochloric acid. Contains only molecules
Carbon tetrachloride. Contains ions and
molecules
Ans - Ammonium hydroxide solution - Contains ions and molecules
Dilute hydrochloric acid - Contains only ions
Carbon tetrachloride - Contains only molecules AGNIAS RA
ELECTROLYSIS
4.Differentiate between electrical conductivity of copper sulphate
solution and copper metal.
Ans - Copper (II) sulphate is an electrolyte.
During electrolysis of copper (I) sulphate solution, the CuSO solution
splits into Cu2+ and SO4 2- ions. The Cu2+ ions are discharged at the
as Cu-metal.
Copper metal only conducts electricity, but is a non-electrolyte, since it
does not undergo any change, due to flow of electric current through it.
5.Three different electrolytic cells A, B and Care connected in separate

circuits. Electrolytic cell A contains sodium chloride solution. When the
circuit is completed, a bulb in the circuit glows brightly.
Electrolytic cell B contains acetic acid solution and in this case, the bulb
in the circuit glows dimly.
The electrolytic cell C contains sugar solution and the bulb does not
glow. Give a reason for each of these observations.
Ans - A is sodium chloride solution which is a strong electrolyte. Thus,
contains only ions. So, more electricity is conducted and bulb glows
brightly.
B contains acetic acid which is a weak electrolyte and contains both
ions and molecules. So, acetic acid has less number of ions. So, less
electricity is conducted and bulb glows dimly.
C contains sugar solution which is a non-electrolyte and a covalent
compound. It does not contain ions in the solution. So, electricity is not
conducted and bulb does not glow.
AGNIAS RA
ELECTROLYSIS
4 MARKS QUESTIONS
(I) Copy and complete the following table which refers to the
conversion of ions to neutral particles.
Conversion. lonic equation.
Oxidation/Reduction
Chloride ion to chlorine molecule. ……….. ………..
Lead (Il) ion to lead atom. ………. ……….
Ans -
(2) State the observations at the anode and at the cathode during the
electrolysis of
(i) fused lead bromide using graphite electrodes.
(ii) copper sulphate solution using copper electrodes.
Ans - Electrode reactions
(i) At anode Dark reddish brown fumes of bromine evolve at the anode
2Br- ————-> Br2 + 2e- (oxidation)
At cathode Greyish white metal lead is formed at the cathode.
Pb2+. + 2e- ———-> Pb. (Reduction)
(ii) At cathode Cu2+ ions and H+ ions migrate towards the cathode but
Cu2+ ions are discharged in preference to H+
Cu2+. +. 2e- ————> Cu (oxidation )
At anode Cu - 2e- —————>. Cu2+ (reduction)
AGNIAS RA
ELECTROLYSIS
3.Select the correct answer from the list given in brackets
2016
(i) An aqueous electrolyte consists of the ions mentioned in the list, the
ion which could be discharged most readily during electrolysis.
[Fe2+,Cu2+, Pb2+ , H+]
(ii) The metallic electrode which does not take part in an electrolytic
reaction. (Cu, Ag, Pt, Ni)
(iii) The ion which is discharged at the anode during the electrolysis of
copper sulphate solution using copper electrodes as anode and
cathode. [Cu2+, OH-, SO 2 4 - , H+]
(iv) When dilute sodium chloride is electrolysed using graphite
electrodes, the cation is discharged at the cathode most readily.
[Na+, OH-, H+, Cl-]
Ans - (i) Cu2+, (ii)Pt, (iii) Cu2+, (iv) H+
4.During the electrolysis of copper (II) sulphate solution using platinum

as cathode and carbon as anode.
(I) What do you observe at the cathode and at the anode?
(II) What changes is noticed in the electrolyte?
(III) Write the reactions at the cathode and at the anode.
Ans - (i) Copper metal deposits at cathode, while colourless and
odourless oxygen gas is liberated at anode.
(ii) The blue colour of copper sulphate solution soon fades.
(iii) At cathode Cu2+ + 2e- ———->. Cu
At Anode 4(OH-) - 4e- ———> 4OH
2OH + 2OH ———> 2H2O+O2
AGNIAS RA
ELECTROLYSIS
5 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.Copper sulphate solution is electrolysed using copper electrodes.
Study the diagram given alongside and answer the questions that
follows
(i) Which electrode to your left or right is known as the oxidising
electrode and why?
(II) Write the equation representing the reaction that occurs.
(III) State two appropriate observations for the above electrolysis
reactions.
Ans - Left is oxidising electrode, as oxidation (loss of electrons) take

place on this electrode.
(ii) At anode Cu - 2e- ————> Cu2+ (oxidation )
At cathode Cu2+ + 2e- ————-> Cu (Reduction)
(iii) (a) Reddish brown copper deposited at
cathode.
(b) Blue colour of electrolytic solution, i.e. CuSO, does not fades during
the process due to the copper electrodes.
2.Choose A, B, Cor D to match the description (a) to (e) below. Some

alphabets may be repeated
A. non-electrolyte. B. strong electrolyte
C. weak electrolyte. D. metallic conductor
(A) Molten ionic compound, (B)Carbon tetrachloride
(C) An aluminium wire, (D)A solution containing solvent molecules, solute
molecules and ions formed by the dissociation of solute molecules. (E) A
sugar solution with sugar molecules and water molecules.
AGNIAS RA
ELECTROLYSIS
Ans - Molten ionic compound. - Strong electrolyte
Carbon tetrachloride - Non-electrolyte
An aluminium wire - Metallic conductor
Solution containing solvent, solute and ions - Weak electrolyte
Sugar solution - Non-electrolyte
3 (i) Explain why copper, though a good conductor of electricity, is a

non-electrolyte?
(ii) Name the gas released at the cathode, when acidulated water is
electrolysed.
(iii) Explain why solid sodium chloride does not allow electricity to pass
through?
(iv) Fill in the blanks.
(a) As we descend the electrochemical series containing cations, the
tendency of the cations to get …………..(oxidised/reduced at the cathode
increases.
(b) The (higher/lower)………..the concentration of an ion in a solution, the
greater is the probability of its being discharged at its appropriate
electrode.
Ans - Copper is a good conductor of electricity, but is a non-electrolyte
because copper metal is solid element and does not have mobile ions
to conduct electricity. ie. it does not undergo chemical decomposition
due to flow of electric current through it.
(ii) When acidulated water electrolysed, hydrogen (H2) gas is evolved.
(iii) Solid sodium chloride does not allow electricity to pass through
because solid NaCl does not have free ions (Na+ CI-) to carry the
electric current. Free ions are responsible for the current to flow.
(iv) (a) reduced
(b) higher
AGNIAS RA
ELECTROLYSIS
4.Mr Ramu wants to electroplate his key chain with nickel to prevent
rusting. For this electroplating
(i) name the electrolyte
(ii) name the cathode
(iii)name the anode
(iv) give the reaction at the cathode
(V) give the reaction at the anode
Ans, (I) Electrolyte - NiSO4 ( Nickel sulphate aqueous solution) with few
drops of H2SO4
(II) Cathode = Cleaned particle to be electroplated
(III) Anode = Block of pure Nickel material
(IV)Reaction at cathode - Ni2+. + 2e- [deposited]
Ni2+ ions move towards the cathode and discharged as neutral Ni
atoms. Nickel is deposited on the article.
(v) Reaction at Anode = Ni ——-> Ni2+ +. 2e- [cation]
SO4 2- and OH- ions migrate to the anode but neither are discharged
due to the nature of electrode. Instead the nickel anode loses electrons
to give Ni2+ ions in solution. Hence, anode diminshes in mass.
AGNIAS RA
METALLURGY
State the function

'The process by which sulphide ore is concentrated'.
Ans - Froth floatation method
2. Fill up the blank with the correct choice given in bracket.

The most common ore of iron is....... (calamine/haematite)
Ans - Haematite
3. Write a balanced chemical equation for

"Action of heat on aluminium hydroxide'.
Ans -
4. Name the following

A metal oxide that can be reduced by hydrogen.
Ans - Copper oxide (CuO)
5.From the list of terms given, choose the most appropriate term to match
the given description. (calcination, roasting, pulverisation, smelting)
Heating of the ore in the absence of air to a high temperature.
Ans - Calcination
6.Name the following

The substance in an alloy of zinc, copper and tin.
Ans - Bronze
7.Name an alloy of lead and tin, that is used in electrical circuits.

Ans - Solder
8. The two main metals present in bronze are

(a) copper and zinc. (b) copper and lead
(c) copper and nickel. (d) copper and tin
Ans - (d) Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.
AGNIAS RA
METALLURGY
9.This is not an alloy of copper.
(a) Brass
(b) Bronze
(c) Solder
(d) Duralumin
Ans - (c) Solder is not an alloy of copper, (solder - lead (Pb)
50% + tin (Sn) 50%)
10.Aluminium powder is used in thermite welding because

(a) it is a strong reducing agent
(b) it is a strong oxidising agent
(c) it is a corrosion resistant
(d) it is a good conductor of heat
Ans - (a) It is a strong reducing agent.
AGNIAS RA
METALLURGY
2 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.Name the main component of the following alloys
(i) Brass
(ii) Duralumin
Ans - The main components of alloys brass and duralumin with
their composition are as follows
(i) Brass -Cu (60-70%) and Zn (40-30%).
(II) Duralumin - Al (95%), Cu (4%), Mg (0.5%) and Mn (0.5%).
2.State the property of the metal being utilised in the following

use of metal Property
Zinc in galvanisation
Aluminium in thermite welding
Ans - (i) Zinc gets oxidised more readily than iron, prevents
rusting of iron
(ii) Aluminium is a strong reducing agent

(i) A compound added to lower the fusion temperature of
electrolytic bath, in the extraction of aluminium.
(ii) The ore of zinc containing its sulphide.
Ans - (i) Cryolite (Na3gAlF6)
(II) Ore of zinc is zinc blende, ZnS.
AGNIAS RA
METALLURGY
3 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.Answer the following questions with respect to the electrolytic
process in the extraction of aluminium
(I) Identify the components of the electrolyte other than pure
alumina and the role played by each.
(ii) Explain why powdered coke is sprinkled over the electrolytic
mixture.
Ans - (i) (a) Cryolite is added to lower the fusion
temperature from 2050°C to 950°C and increases conductivity.
(b) Fluorspar acts as a solvent for electrolytic mixture and
increases its conductivity.
(ii) Powdered coke reduces heat loss by radiation and prevents the
burning of anode.
2.The following questions are relevant to the extraction of

aluminium
(I)State the reason for the addition of caustic alkali to bauxite ore
during purification of bauxite.
(ii) Give a balanced chemical equation for the above reaction. (iii)
Along with cryolite and alumina, another substance is added to the
electrolyte mixture. Name the substance and give one reason for
the addition.
Ans - Impure bauxite dissolves in caustic alkali being an
amphoteric oxide leaving behind insoluble impurity.
(ii)
(iii) Fluorspar is added along with cryolite and alumina because

acts as a solvent for electrolytic mixture and increases its
conductivity. Powdered coke reduces heat loss by radiation and
prevents the burning of anode.
AGNIAS RA
METALLURGY
3.Name the main constituent metal in the following alloys
(i) Duralumin
(ii) Brass
(iii) Stainless steel
Ans - Duralumin= 95% Al, 4% Cu, 0.5% Mg, 0.5% Mn
Brass = 60 - 70% Cu, 40 - 30% Zn
Stainless steel = 73% Fe, 18% Cr, 8% Ni, 1% C
4.State the main components of the following alloys

(i) Brass
(ii) Duralumin
(iii) Bronze
Ans - (i) Bronze - 80% Cu, 18% Sn, 2% Zn
(ii) Duralumin= 95% Al, 4% Cu, 0.5% Mg, 0.5% Mn
(iii) Brass = 60 - 70% Cu, 40 - 30% Zn
AGNIAS RA
METALLURGY
4 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.(i) Name the most common ore of the metal aluminium from
which the metal is extracted. Write the chemical formula of the
ore.
(ii) Name the process by which impure ore of aluminium gets
purified by using concentrated solution of an alkali.
(iii) Write the equation for the formation of aluminium at the
cathode, during the electrolysis of alumina.
Ans - (i) The most common ore of the metal aluminium is
bauxite having chemical formula, Al2O3, 2H2O
(II) Baeyer's process is used to obtain pure aluminium oxide

from bauxite ore. In this method of chemical purification, the
finely powdered ore is treated with hot concentrated solution of
sodium hydroxide. The reactions are as follows
(III)
AGNIAS RA
METALLURGY
2.Fill in the blanks with the substances given in the box.
(Carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, coal, coke, lime, iron (I)
oxide, iron (III) oxide, limestone).
The raw materials required for the extraction of iron from

hematite are (i) ........ (II) …….and hot air. The mineral present
in haematite is …….. (III) which is reduced by (IV)……… to iron.
AnS - (I) Coke
(ii) Limestone
(iii) Iron (III) Oxide
(iv) Carbon Monoxide (CO)

(i) A compound which is added to lower the fusion
temperature of the electrolytic bath in the extraction of
aluminium.
(ii) The process of heating an ore to a high temperature in
the presence of air.
(iii) The compound formed by the reaction between
calcium oxide and silica.
(iv) The middle region of the blast furnace.
Ans - (i) Cryolite is added to lower the fusion temperature.
(ii) The process is known. as roasting.
(iii) Compound formed by the reaction between calcium
oxide and silica is calcium silicate, (CaSiO3).
(iv) The middle region of the blast furnace is known as zone
of heat absorption.
AGNIAS RA
METALLURGY
4.In the manufacture of iron, a mixture of limestone, coke
and iron ore is added to the blast furnace. In this context
(i) State the purpose of adding limestone to the furnace.
(ii) Give the equation for the reduction of the iron ore.
(iii) Name the substance which is collected along with cast
iron at the bottom of the furnace.
(iv) Write the chemical equation for the formation of the
substance named above.
Ans (i)Limestone acts as a flux.
(ii) Fe2O3 + 3CO - > 2 Fe+ 3CO2
(iii) Fusible slag (calcium silicate CaSiO3) is collected along
with cast iron.
(iv)CaO + SiO2 ———-> CaSiO3
AGNIAS RA
METALLURGY
5 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.Answer the following questions
(i) Name the solution used to react with bauxite as a first step in
obtaining pure aluminium oxide in the Baeyer's process.
(ii) Write the equation for the reaction where the aluminium
oxide, for the electrolytic extraction of aluminium, is obtained by
heating aluminium hydroxide.
(iii) Name the compound added to pure alumina to lower the
fusion temperature during the electrolytic reduction of alumina.
(IV) Write the equation for the reaction that occurs at the
cathode during the extraction of aluminium by electrolysis.
(V) Explain why it is preferable to use a number of graphite
electrodes as anode, instead of a single electrode, during the
above electrolysis?
Ans - (i) Hot sodium hydroxide solution is used to react with
bauxite as a first step in obtaining pure aluminium oxide in the
Baeyer's process.
(ii)
(iii) Cryolite (Na3AlF6), (iv) Reaction at cathode,

4Al3+. + 12e- ———-> 4Al
(V) During electrolytic reduction of
alumina, oxygen gas is evolved at anode which oxidises
graphite to carbon dioxide. C+ O2 ——-> CO2
Therefore, it is preferable to use a number of graphite
electrodes as anode instead of a single electrode during the
above electrolysis.
AGNIAS RA
METALLURGY
2.For each of the substance listed below, describe the role
played in the extraction of aluminium.
(I) Cryolite (ii) Sodium hydroxide (III)Graphite
(II) Explain why
(i) in the electrolysis of alumina (using the Hall-Heroult's
process), the electrolyte is covered with powdered coke?
(ii)iron sheets are coated with zinc during galvanisation?
Ans - Cryolite is added, which lowers the fusion temperature

from 2050°C to 950°C and enhances conductivity.
(ii) .Sodium hydroxide is used to obtain sodium aluminate

from its ore.
(iii) Thick rods of graphite are used as anode. Anode is

oxidised to carbon monoxide, which further forms carbon
dioxide.
2C+O2——> 2CO
2CO+O2 ——> 2CO2
(ii) i. Powdered coke is sprinkled over the surface of the

electrolytic mixture because it,
1. reduces heat loss by radiation.
2. prevents the burning of anode.
II. Iron sheets are coated with zinc during galvanisation to

prevent rusting of iron sheets.
AGNIAS RA
METALLURGY
3.Answer the following questions
(i) Name a metal which is found abundantly in the earth's
crust.
(ii) What is the difference between calcination and roasting?
(iii) Name the process used for the enrichment of sulphide ore.
(iv) Write the chemical formulae of one main ore of iron and
aluminium.
Ans - (i) Aluminium
(ii) roasting - The process in which sulphide ore is strongly
heated in the presence of air to obtain metal oxide is known as
roasting
Calcination - The process of heating the concentrated ore in
the absence of air at a temperature not sufficient to melt the
ore is called calcination. Carbonate ores are calcined and
hence carbon dioxide is given out.
(iii) Froth floatation process
(iv) Iron ore is haematite, Fe2Og3, aluminium ore is bauxite,
Al2O3 2H20.
AGNIAS RA
STUDY OF COMPOUNDS
HYDROGEN CHLORIDE
1 MARK QUESTIONS
1.Write a balanced chemical equation for
'Action of dilute hydrochloric acid on magnesium sulphite'
Ans -

'Lead nitrate solution is mixed with dilute hydrochloric acid and
heated.'
Ans - Lead nitrate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to give
white precipitate of lead chloride.
3.Name the gas that is produced in given case

'Action of dilute hydrochloric acid on sodium sulphide.'
Ans - Hydrogen sulphide (H2S) gas

Dry hydrogen chloride gas can be collected by
......displacement of air. (downward/upward)
Ans - upward

Potassium sulphite on reacting with hydrochloric acid releases
........... gas.(CI2, SO2, H2S)
Ans -SO2
AGNIAS RA
STUDY OF COMPOUNDS

"Action of dilute hydrochloric acid on iron (II) sulphide'
Ans- Hydrochloric acid decomposes salts of weaker acids, (like
carbonates, bicarbonates, sulphates, sulphides) into metal
chloride.
7.The aim of the fountain experiment is to prove that

(A) HCI turns blue litmus red (B) HCI is denser than air
(c) HCI is highly soluble in water (D) HCI fumes in moist air
Ans - (c) Fountain experiment is used to show high solubility of
HCI in water.
8.State your observations, when

dilute hydrochloric acid is added to copper carbonate
Ans - Copper carbonate reacts with hydrochloric acid to
produce the copper chloride salt and carbonic acid.
9.Write balanced chemical equations for the following

Action of hydrochloric acid on sodium bicarbonate.
Ans -
10.Name the gas which produces dense white fumes with

ammonia gas.
Ans - Hydrogen chloride
AGNIAS RA
STUDY OF COMPOUNDS
HYDROGEN CHLORIDE
2 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.For the preparation of hydrochloric acid in the laboratory
(I)why is direct absorption of hydrogen chloride gas in water
not feasible?
(ii)what arrangement is done to dissolve hydrogen chloride gas
in water?
Ans - (i) Hydrogen chloride gas is highly soluble in water. If
delivery tube, through which HCI gas is passed, directly
immersed in water, then the partial vacuum is created in the
tube because rate of absorption of HCI gas is high. The pressure
outside being higher, causes the water to be pushed up
into the delivery tube( back-suction). Thus, the direct
'absorption of hydrogen chloride gas in water is not feasible.
(ii) To dissolve hydrogen chloride gas in water, a special funnel

arrangement is used The funnel arrangement prevents or
minimise back-suction of water and it also provides a large
surface area for the absorption of gas.
2.Certain blank spaces are left in the following table and these
are labelled as A, B. Identify each of them.
Ans -
B- Upward displacement of air.

AGNIAS RA
STUDY OF COMPOUNDS
HYDROGEN CHLORIDE
3 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.(i) Name the acid used for the preparation of hydrogen chloride
gas in the laboratory. Why is this particular acid preferred to other
acids?
(II) Write the balanced chemical equation for the laboratory
preparation of hydrogen chloride gas.
Ans - Hydrogen chloride gas is prepared in the laboratory by the
reaction of sodium chloride (common salt) with concentrated
sulphuric acid. It is preferred over other acids, because of its
oxidising and dehydrating property.
(ii) Balanced chemical equations for the preparation of HCL gas in
laboratory are as follows
2.Study the figure given below and answer the questions that
follow.
Ans - (i) Identify the gas Y. - hydrogen chloride (HCL)

(ii) What property of gas Y does this experiment demonstrate?
-Gas Y, i.e. HCI gas is highly soluble in water and acidic in nature.
(iii) Name another gas which has the same property and can be
demonstrated through this experiment. - Ammonia gas
AGNIAS RA
STUDY OF COMPOUNDS
HYDROGEN CHLORIDE
5 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.The diagram shows an apparatus for the laboratory preparation
of hydrogen chloride.
(i) Identify A and B.
(ii) Write the equation for the reaction.
(iii) How would you check, whether or not the gas jar is filled with
hydrogen chloride?
(iv) What does the method of collection tell you about
the density of hydrogen chloride?
Ans - (i) A is concentrated sulphuric acid., B is sodium chloride.

(II)
(III) A glass rod dipped in NH4OH solution if brought near the mouth
of the gas jar, it evolves dense white fumes. It shows that the jar is
full of HCI gas.
(IV) Since, the gas is collected by the upward displacement of air, it
means it is heavier than air.
AGNIAS RA
STUDY OF COMPOUNDS
AMMONIA
1 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.Write the balanced chemical equation to prepare ammonia gas in
the laboratory by using an alkali.
Ans - Ammonia gas can be prepared by heating a mixture of
ammonium salt (NH4CI) with an alkali [Ca(OH)2]
2.State why concentrated sulphuric acid is not used for drying

ammonia gas.
Ans - Ammonia gas cannot be dried by passing it through
concentrated sulphuric acid because ammonia being a basic gas
reacts with conc. H2SO4 to form ammonium sulphate.
3.Why is ammonia gas not collected over water?

Ans - Ammonia gas is not collected over water, since it is highly
soluble in water.

Reaction of ammonia with heated copper oxide.
Ans - Reaction of ammonia with heated copper oxide form copper
metal and nitrogen gas.

'Laboratory preparation of ammonia from ammonium chloride.
Ans - In Laboratory, ammonia is prepared by reaction of
ammonium chloride and calcium hydroxide in ratio of 2: 3 by
weight.
AGNIAS RA
STUDY OF COMPOUNDS

Burning of ammonia in air'.
Ans - Ammonia burns in air with yellowish green flame and
produces water vapour and nitrogen.
7.Write balanced chemical equation for

'Action of warm water on AIN'.
Ans -
8.Name the following this gas is used as a reducing agent in

reducing copper oxide to copper.
Ans - Ammonia

'When ammonia gas is burnt in an atmosphere of excess oxygen?.
Ans - Ammonia gas burnt in an atmosphere of excess oxygen with
yellowish green flame and produces water vapour and nitrogen.
10. Fill up the blank with correct choice given in the bracket
Ammonia gas is collected by ..... (an upward displacement of air,
a downward displacement of water, a downward displacement of
air).
Ans - a downward displacement of air
AGNIAS RA
STUDY OF COMPOUNDS
AMMONIA
2 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.Give a balanced chemical equation for each of the following
(i) Catalytic oxidation of ammonia.
(ii) Reaction of ammonia with nitric acid.
Ans - Action of concentrated nitric acid on sulphur gives sulphuric
acid as a major product
(i) Catalytic oxidation of ammonia gives nitric oxide, which on
further oxidation gives brown fumes of nitrogen dioxide.
(ii) Ammonia on reaction with nitric acid give ammonium sulphate
2.Name the gas evolved when the following mixtures are heated
(i) Calcium hydroxide and ammonium chloride.
(ii) Sodium nitrite and ammonium chloride.
Ans - (i) When mixture of calcium hydroxide and ammonium
chloride are heated, ammonia (NH3) gas is evolved. The following
reaction takes place:
(ii) When mixture of sodium nitrite and ammonium chloride

are heated, nitrogen (N2) gas is evolved. The following reaction
takes place:
AGNIAS RA
STUDY OF COMPOUNDS
AMMONIA
4 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.The following questions are based on the preparation of ammonia
gas in the laboratory.
(I) Explain why ammonium nitrate is not used in the preparation of
ammonia?
(ii) Name the compound normally used as a drying agent during
the process.
(iii) How is ammonia gas collected?
(iv) Explain why it is not collected over water?
Ans - Because ammonium nitrate is a highly explosive substance
and cannot be heated and it may itself form nitrous oxide and
water vapour.
(II) Quicklime, CaO
(III) By downward displacement of air or upward delivery, as it is
lighter than air.
(IV) Ammonia is highly soluble in water so, it cannot be collected
over water.
AGNIAS RA
STUDY OF COMPOUNDS
AMMONIA
5 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.The diagram shows an experimental set up for the laboratory
preparation of a pungent smelling gas. The gas is alkaline in
nature.
(i)Name the gas collected in the jar.
(ii) Write the balanced equation for the above preparation.
(iii) How is the gas being collected?
(iv) Name the drying agent used.
(V) How will you find that the jar is full of gas?
Ans - (i) Ammonia
(iii) By the downward displacement of air.

(iv) Quick lime, CaO.
(v) Bring a moist red litmus paper to the mouth of the inverted jar,
if it immediately turns blue.
AGNIAS RA
STUDY OF COMPOUNDS
2.From the list given below, select the word(s) required to correctly
complete the blanks (i) to (v) in the following passage.
[Reddish brown, ammonium, nitrogen dioxide, hydroxyl, dirty green,
ammonia, acidic, alkaline]
Nitrogen and hydrogen combine in the presence of a catalyst to
give (i)………gas. When the above mentioned gas is passed through
water it forms a solution which will be (ii)…………in nature and the
solution contains (iii)……….. ions and (iv)…………ions. The above
solution when added to iron sulphate solution, gives a (v)
.……….coloured precipitate of iron hydroxide.
Ans - (i) ammonia (ii) alkaline (iii) ammonium (iv) hydroxyl (v)
dirty green
AGNIAS RA
STUDY OF COMPOUNDS
NITRIC ACID
1 MARKS QUESTIONS
'Action of cold and dilute nitric acid on copper."
Ans - Copper, on reaction with cold and dilute nitric acid gives
copper nitrate and nitric oxide.

Action of hot and concentrated nitric acid on copper."
Ans -
3.Identify the acid which matches the following description

The acid which is prepared by catalytic oxidation of ammonia
Ans - Nitric acid is prepared by catalytic oxidation of ammonia.
4.Cold, dilute nitric acid reacts with copper to form…………

(hydrogen, nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide)
Ans - nitric oxide
5.Give a balanced chemical equation

Action of heat on a mixture of copper and concentrated nitric acid.
Ans -
6.Give a balanced chemical equation.

Oxidation of carbon with concentrated nitric acid.
Ans -
AGNIAS RA
STUDY OF COMPOUNDS
7.Give reason for

iron is rendered passive with fuming nitric acid."
Ans - Iron forms coating of its oxide and nitrate which steps further
reaction.
8.Name the follwing

A catalyst used in the manufacture of nitric acid by Ostwald's
process
Ans - Platinum
9.Give a balanced chemical equation for the lollowing,

Ferric hydroxide reacts with nitric acid.
Ans -
10.Give the balanced equation for the following reaction.

Dilute nitric acid and copper carbonate.
Ans -
AGNIAS RA
STUDY OF COMPOUNDS
NITRIC ACID
2 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.Name the gas that is produced in each of the following cases.
(I) Sulphur is oxidised by concentrated nitric acid.
(ii) Action of cold and dilute nitric acid on copper.
Ans -
2.(i) What is the type of salt formed when the reactants are heated
at a suitable temperature for the preparation of nitric acid?
(ii) State why for the preparation of nitric acid, the complete
apparatus is made up of glass.
Ans - (i) During the preparation of nitric acid at
suitable temperature, (< 200°C), sodium and potassium
bisulphates are formed.
AGNIAS RA
STUDY OF COMPOUNDS
NITRIC ACID
3 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.Explain the following
(I) Dilute nitric acid is generally considered a typical acid, but not
so in its reaction with metals.
(ii) Concentrated nitric acid appears yellow when it is left standing
in a glass bottle.
(iii) All glass apparatus is used in the laboratory preparation of
nitric acid.
Ans -(i) Dilute nitric acid is generally considered a typical acid
except for its reaction with metals since, it does not liberate
hydrogen. It is a powerful oxidising agent and the nascent oxygen
formed oxidises the hydrogen to water.
(ii) In the presence of sunlight, nitric acid decomposes even at
room temperature, The nitric acid turns yellow, if stored in a bottle.
This colour is due to dissolved reddish brown coloured NO2 in HNO3
(nitric acid).
(iii) All glass apparatus is used in the laboratory preparation of
nitric acid because nitric acid vapours attack rubber and cork.
2.Dilute nitric acid is generally considered a typical acid except for

its reaction with metals. In what way is dilute nitric acid is different
from other acids when it reacts with metals
(ii) Write an equation for the reaction of dilute nitric acid with
copper
(iii) Account for the yellow colour that appears in concentrated
nitric acid when it is left standing in an ordinary glass bottle.
AGNIAS RA
STUDY OF COMPOUNDS
Ans (i) Dilute nitric acid is generally considered a typical acid

except for its reaction with metals since, it does not liberate
hydrogen. It is a powerful oxidising agent and the nascent oxygen
formed oxidises the hydrogen to water.
(ii)
(iii) Conc. HNO3 is unstable to heat. So on standing in an ordinary

glass bottle, it absorbs heat from, the surrounding and gets
decomposed, liberating NO2 gas which turns conc. HNO3 yellow.
AGNIAS RA
STUDY OF COMPOUNDS
NITRIC ACID
5 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.The figure given below illustrates the apparatus used in the
laboratory preparation of nitric acid.
(I) Name A (a liquid), B (a solid) and C (a liquid). (Do not give the
formulae)
(ii) Write an equation to show how nitric acid undergoes
decomposition.
(iii) Write the equation for the reaction in which copper is oxidised
by concentrated nitric acid.
Ans -
AGNIAS RA
STUDY OF COMPOUNDS
SULPHURIC ACID
1 MARK QUESTIONS
1.-The catalyst used in the contact process is
(a) copper. (b) iron
(c) vanadium pentoxide. (d) manganese dioxide
Ans - (c) Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) or platinum (Pt) acts as a
catalyst in the manufacturing of sulphuric acid by contact process.
2. Write a balanced chemical equation for

'Action of concentrated sulphuric acid on carbon.'
Ans -

Action of concentrated sulphuric acid on sulphur."
Ans -
4.State one relevant observation for the following reaction

Action of concentrated sulphuric acid on hydrated copper
sulphate.
Ans -
5.Write balanced chemical equation for

'Action of dilute sulphuric acid on sodium sulphite.'
Ans -
AGNIAS RA
STUDY OF COMPOUNDS
6.State your observations

when concentrated sulphuric acid is added to sugar crystals.
Ans - Sulphuric acid acts as a dehydrating agent and reduces
sugar to carbon.
7.Name this gas has a characteristic rotten egg smell.

Ans - Hydrogen sulphide
8.Write the balanced chemical equation for the reaction of

concentrated sulphuric acid on carbon.
Ans -
9.Write any two conditions for the conversion of sulphur dioxide to

sulphur trioxide.
Ans - In the presence of vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) or Pt as
catalyst at 450°C.
10.Write the balanced chemical equation.

Dehydration of concentrated sulphuric acid with sugar crystals.
Ans -
AGNIAS RA
STUDY OF COMPOUNDS
SULPHURIC ACID
2 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.Which property of sulphuric acid is shown by the reaction of
concentrated sulphuric acid with
(i) ethanol?
(ii) carbon?
Ans - (i) Concentrated sulphuric acid acts as a dehydrating agent.
It dehydrates ethanol to form ethene.
(ii) Concentrated sulphuric acid acts as an oxidising agent, when it

reacts with carbon. Due to presence of nascent oxygen, it oxidises
carbon to carbon dioxide.
2. Write balanced chemical equations to show how SO3 is

converted to sulphuric acid in the contact process.
Ans -
AGNIAS RA
STUDY OF COMPOUNDS
SULPHURIC ACID
4 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.Write balanced chemical equations to show
(i) The oxidising action of conc. sulphuric acid on carbon.
(II) The behaviour of H2SO4 as an acid when it reacts with
magnesium.
(iii) The dehydrating property of conc. sulphuric acid with sugar
Ans -
2.(i) Give balanced chemical equations for the action of sulphuric

acid on each of the following
I. Potassium hydrogen carbonate
II. Sulphur
(ii) In the contact process for the manufacture of sulphuric acid,
give the equations for the conversion of sulphur trioxide to sulphuric
acid.
Ans -
AGNIAS RA
STUDY OF COMPOUNDS
SULPHURIC ACID
5 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.Some properties of sulphuric acid are listed below. Choose the role
played by sulphuric acid as A, B, C or D, which is responsible for the
reactions (i) to (v).
Some role/s may be repeated.
(A) Dilute acid. (B) Dehydrating agent
(C) Non-volatile acid. (D) Oxidising Agent
Ans -
AGNIAS RA
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
1 MARK QUESTIONS
The tendency of an element to form chains of identical atoms.'
Ans - Catenation
2.Identify the term or substance based on the description given

below
The property by virtue of which the compound has the same
molecular formula but different structural formulae.
Ans - Isomerism
3.Identify the term or substance based on the description given

below
Ans -
4,Name the property of elements by virtue of which atoms of the

element can link to each other in the form of a long chain or ring
structure.
Ans - Catenation
5.
Ans - Ketone or Carbonyl compound
AGNIAS RA
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
6.The IUPAC name of dimethyl ether is

(a) ethoxy methane. (c) methoxy ethane
(b) methoxy methane. (d) ethoxy ethane
Ans - (b) IUPAC name of dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3) is methoxy
methane.
7.The IUPAC name of acetylene is

(a) propane. (c) ethene
(b) propyne. (d) ethyne
Ans - (d) Ethyne
8.Give the IUPAC name of the isomer C4H10 which has a branched
chain.
Ans -
9. The number of C-H in ethane molecule are

(a) four. (c) eight
(b) six. (d) ten
Ans - (b) 6
10.Define isomerism
Ans - Isomerism is the existence of two or more compounds
having the same molecular formula but different structural
formulae.
AGNIAS RA
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
11.Identify the substance underlined in the following case

An organic compound containing COOH functional group.
Ans - Carboxylic acid
12.State one relevant observation for the following reaction

Addition of ethyl alcohol to acetic acid in the presence of
concentrated sulphuric acid.
Ans -
13.Identify the term or substance based on the descriptions given

below
Ice like crystals formed on cooling an organic acid sufficiently.
Ans - Glacial acetic acid
14.Give balanced chemical equation for the convension of ethanoic

acid to ethyl ethanoate.
Ans -

Distinctive reaction that takes place when ethanol is treated with
acetic acid.
Ans - Esterification
AGNIAS RA
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
2 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.Write the structural formula of the two isomers of butane.
Ans -
2.Distinguish between the saturated hydrocarbon ethane and the

unsaturated hydrocarbon ethene by drawing their structural
formulae.
Ans -
3.Give the IUPAC name for each of the following
Ans - (i) Methanal,(ii) Propan-1-ol, (iii) But-2-ene, (iv) Prop-1-yne
AGNIAS RA
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
4.Using their structural formulae identify the functional group by

circling them:
(i) Dimethyl ether
(ii) Propanone
Ans -
5.Draw the structural formula for each of the following

(I) Ethanoic acid
(ii) But-2-yne
Ans -
6.(i) Draw the structural formula of ethyne.

(II) How is the structure of alkynes different from that of alkenes?
Ans -
7.Give the correct IUPAC name and the functional group for each
of the compounds whose structural formulae are given below
Ans -
AGNIAS RA
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
8.Give the names and the structural formulae of

(i) a saturated hydrocarbon.
(ii) an unsaturated hydrocarbon with a double bond.
Ans -
9.(i) Why is pure acetic acid known as glacial acetic acid?

(ii) Give a chemical equation for the reaction between ethyl
alcohol and acetic acid.
Ans - (i) The pure acid, i.e. anhydrous acid on cooling forms
crystalline mass resembling ice, melting point 17°C and for this
reason, it is called glacial acetic acid.
10.Choose the correct word/phrase from within the brackets to

complete the sentence.
(i) When acetaldehyde is oxidised with acidified potassium
dichromate, it forms (ester/ethanol/acetic acid).
(II) Ethanoic acid reacts with ethanol in the presence of
concentrated H2SO4 so as to form a compound and water. The
chemical reaction which takes place is called
(dehydration/hydrogenation/esterification).
Ans -
AGNIAS RA
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
3 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.Draw the structural formula for each of the following
(i) 2, 3-dimethylbutane (II) Diethyl ether (iii)
Propanoic acid
Ans -
2.Write the IUPAC names for for each of the following

compounds
Ans -
3.Give the structural formulae for the following

(i) An isomer of n-butane (ii) 2-propanol
(iii) Diethyl ether
AGNIAS RA
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
Ans -
4.Give the structural formulae for each of the following

(i) 2-methyl propane (ii)Ethanoic acid
(III) Butan-2-ol
Ans -
5. Draw the structural formula of a compound with two carbon atoms

in each of the following cases
(i) An alkane with a carbon to carbon single bond.
(ii) An alcohol containing two carbon atoms.
(ii) An unsaturated hydrocarbon with a carbon to carbon triple bond.
Ans -
AGNIAS RA
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
5 MARKS QUESTIONS
1.Give the structural formula for each of the following
(I) Ethanol
(II) 1- propanal
(iii) Ethanoic acid
(Iv) 1, 2- dichloroethane
Ans -

(i) Methanoic acid. Ans -
(ii) Ethanal
(iii) Ethyne
(iv) Acetone
(V) 2-methyl propane
AGNIAS RA
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
5 MARKS QUESTIONS
(I) Ethanol
(II) 1- propanal
(iii) Ethanoic acid
(Iv) 1, 2- dichloroethane
Ans -

(i) Methanoic acid. Ans -
(ii) Ethanal
(iii) Ethyne
(iv) Acetone
(V) 2-methyl propane
AGNIAS RA
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
3.A compound X (having vinegar like smell) when

treated with ethanol in the presence of the acid, Z,
gives a compond Y which has a fruity smell.
The reaction is
(i) Identify Y and Z.

(ii) Write the structural formula of X.
(iii) Name the above reaction.
Ans - Since, compound X has vinegar like smell, thus
it must be an acetic acid or ethanoic acid
(CH3COOH).
(i) Now, in the given reaction,
where, X is carboxylic acid.

Therefore, Y must be an ester and Z can be conc.
H2SO4. This can be justified by the following reaction
(II) Structural formula of (X) is
(iii) The above reaction is known as esterification.

AGNIAS RA

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Clarify

Ans - electron gain enthalpy

2. Give a reason for

3.Fill in the blank with the correct choice given in bracket

Ans - ionisation potential

Ans - reducing agents, donors

Ans- (i) Electronegativity (ii) Valence electrons

3.Fill in the blanks with the correct choice given in bracket.

Ans - (i) metallic (ii) smallest

4.Define the following term

Ans - The energy required to remove an electron from an isolated gaseous

5.If an element is in group 17 (or group-VIIA), it is likely to be metallic or non-

Ans - If in period 3 of the periodic table, element B is placed to the left of

Ans - Ba element will form ions most readily.Since, it is more metallic

Ans - Atomic number of element Z = 16

4.There are three elements E, F, G with atomic number 19, 8 and 17

5.What is the common feature of the electronic configurations of

Ans - At the end of each period the elements have 8 electrons in

Ans - Number of electron shells increases down the group He<Ne<Ar

(i) State the number of valence electrons in atom J.

Ans - Ans - (i) Since, J belongs to VA group of periodic table, hence

Ans - Metallic nature increases as one moves down a group.

Ans - (i) Atomic number - 15 (Phosphorus), (ii) Atomic number - 19

(2) Consider the section of the periodic table given below.

Ans - (i) Element J is most electronegative., (ii) Electronic configuation of G

Ans - Thallium has the most metallic character.

Ans - These elements belongs to second period.

2.Which of the following is a common characteristic of a covalent

4.Bonding in this molecule can be understood to involve coordinate

5.Give suitable chemical term for the following

7.Give reason why?

9. What is the term defined in this case?

10.Which of the following is not a common characteristic of an

2.State the type of bonding in the following molecules

3.Explain the bonding in metune molecule using electron dot structure.

4.Choose the correct answer from the choices a, b, c and d.

Bond present in carbon tetrachloride is covalent bond.

6.Element X is a metal with a valency 2, Y is a non-metal with a

7.An element L consists of molecules.

2.Explain why carbon tetrachloride does not dissolve in water?

3.Fill in the blanks with correct choice given in bracket.

4.Match column A with column B

Ans - sodium chloride - Ionic bond

(II) X is likely to have a

(iii) In the liquid state, X will

(II) Electron dot structure of magnesium chloride. The number of

2.The following table shows the electronic configuration

W is sodium (Na) and X is chlorine

3.Name the charged particles, which attract one another to

Ans - Cations are positively charged ions and anions are

2.Fill in the blank from the choice given in bracket.

3.To increase the pH value of a neutral solution, we should add

5. Give appropriate scientific reason for

6.Write a balanced chemical equation for the following Reaction of

7.State one relevant observation for

8.Fill up the blank with the correct choice given in bracket.

9.Anhydrous iron (III) chloride is prepared by

10.Identify the substance underlined, in the case

2.Write the balanced chemical equation.

3.Write the balanced equation for the following