Pointers to review

Economic Benefits of Tourism and Hospitality

• Primary Economic Benefit: Tourism helps generate quick income for des?na?on
countries. It brings in revenue from foreign tourists through spending on
accommoda?on, food, aDrac?ons, etc.
• Income Redistribu?on: Tourism serves as an income redistributor by aDrac?ng foreign
tourists, which leads to an influx of money into the local economy, improving living
standards.
• Direct Employment: Jobs that involve providing goods and services directly to tourists
(e.g., hotel staff, tour guides) are categorized as direct employment.
• Nega?ve Economic Impact: High infla?on and rising land values are common nega?ve
impacts as tourism drives up demand for resources and property prices.
• Leakage in Tourism: Leakage refers to the ouPlow of money from the local economy to
foreign economies, such as when foreign-owned businesses capture tourism revenue.
• Infla?on due to Tourism: Rising land values and prices for goods catering to tourists can
cause infla?on in des?na?on areas.

Social and Environmental Impacts of Tourism

• Health Benefits: Tourism can improve public health facili?es and services in a des?na?on
by injec?ng funds into local healthcare systems.
• Social Satura?on: This refers to the nega?ve impact on a des?na?on's community and
resources when the number of tourists exceeds what the local infrastructure can handle.
• Social Satura?on Causes: Overcrowding, resource strain, and transporta?on conges?on
are key factors leading to social satura?on in tourism des?na?ons.
• Criminal Ac?vity in Tourism Areas: Criminal ac?vity can increase in tourist areas due to
higher income dispari?es, popula?on density during peak seasons, and proximity to
borders.
• Posi?ve Social Effects: Tourism leads to increased social mobility and new employment
opportuni?es, especially for marginalized groups like women in hospitality.
• Nega?ve Social Effects: Social satura?on, family disrup?on, and increased crime rates
due to income disparity are common nega?ve social effects of tourism.

Environmental Conserva?on in Tourism

• Conserva?on Efforts: Tourism supports the conserva?on of natural and historical sites
through ac?vi?es like wildlife protec?on in na?onal parks and preserva?on of cultural
heritage sites.
• Social Problems in Tourism: Tourism can exacerbate social issues, such as increased
crime and traffic conges?on, and lead to the disrup?on of local communi?es,
par?cularly when resorts are built near interna?onal borders.
• Accommoda?on Types
 • Budget-Friendly, Family-Operated Lodging: Accommoda?ons like bed-and-breakfasts,
pensions, or inns are oZen family-run and provide a more in?mate, budget-conscious
lodging experience.
• Accommoda?on for Young Travelers: Hostels are designed to appeal to young travelers
seeking affordable lodging with minimal comfort requirements, offering shared spaces
and basic ameni?es.

Restaurant and Menu Considera?ons

• Essen?al Feature of a Restaurant Menu: A well-designed menu should have a logical
sequence, be clean, and easily navigable to help customers make their selec?ons.
Mul?ple language op?ons may be beneficial in tourist-heavy areas.

Tourism Development and Support Services

• Primary Focus of Tourism Developmental Organiza?ons: These organiza?ons focus on
long-term planning and the development of tourism infrastructure and resources to
ensure sustainable tourism growth.
• Support Services: Support services in tourism include travel agencies, food suppliers,
travel publica?ons, and planners. Contract food services and tour organizers are also
vital, but they do not necessarily fall under this category.

Healthcare in Tourism
• Factors Affec?ng Healthcare Facili?es: The type of healthcare services needed in a
des?na?on depends on factors like local environmental condi?ons, visitor numbers, and
demographics. All these elements must be considered in planning healthcare resources.

Natural Resources and Infrastructure

• Natural Resources in Tourism: Natural resources like climate, landforms, terrain, and
beaches are crucial to tourism. However, museums are not considered a natural
resource in this context.
• Infrastructure in Tourism: Infrastructure includes essen?al physical elements like
electrical systems, parking lots, and sewage disposal. Cultural performances do not fall
under infrastructure.
• Superstructure in Tourism: Superstructure refers to buildings and structures built for
tourism, such as airports, hotels, and souvenir shops, as opposed to basic infrastructure
like drainage systems or gas lines.

Cultural Resources in Hospitality

• Cultural Resources: Cultural resources refer to elements like fine arts, music, literature,
and history. The a]tudes of residents toward tourists can also influence the cultural
experience but may not be categorized directly under cultural resources.
• Proximity to Lakes and Rivers: While important for tourism, proximity to lakes and rivers
does not directly relate to cultural resources.
Accommoda?on Planning Determinants
• Determinants for Accommoda?on Planning: When planning accommoda?ons in a
des?na?on, factors such as expected tourist markets, transporta?on modes, and the
environment's nature are essen?al. The number of available employees is not a primary
determinant.

Cruise Ships and Water Demand

• Cruise Ships: Cruise ships are some?mes referred to as “floatels,” as they combine the
features of a hotel and a vessel.
• Water Demand: Sewer demand is typically es?mated at around 70% of domes?c water
demand. Resorts generally require 350-400 gallons of water per room per day, though
this can vary depending on the type of resort.

• Accommoda?on Op?ons: Hostels cater to budget-conscious, younger travelers, while

family-operated lodgings like bed-and-breakfasts or pensions are more in?mate and
budget-friendly.
• Tourism Development: Focus on long-term infrastructure planning and sustainable
tourism prac?ces.
• Healthcare Considera?ons: Health services depend on a variety of factors including the
local environment and demographics.
• Cultural and Natural Resources: Cultural resources (like art and history) and natural
resources (like climate and terrain) are vital for tourism des?na?ons.
• Infrastructure vs. Superstructure: Infrastructure refers to u?li?es and basic services,
while superstructure is about the buildings and physical structures designed for tourism
use.

1 Air Safety Foundation (ASF);

2 American Society of Travel Agents (ASTA)
3 ASEAN Hotel and Restaurant Association (AHRA)
4 ASEAN Tourism Association
5 Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)
6 Association of Travel Marketing Executives (ATME)
7 Caribbean Tourism Association (CTA)
8 Council of Hotel and Restaurant Educators of the Philippines (COHREP)
9 Council on Hotel, Restaurant, and Institutional Education
10 Cruise Lines International Association (CLIA)
11 Federation of ASEAN Travel Association (FATA);
12 Global Sustainable Tourism Council (GSTC)
13 International Council on Monuments and Sites (ICOMOS)
14 International Hotel and Restaurant Association (IHRA)
37 International Institute for Peace Through Tourism
16 Intramuros Administration (IA)
17 Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO)
18 National Parks Development Committee
19 Network of Independent Travel Agencies (NAITAS)
20 Pacific Asia Travel Association (PATA)
21 PASEAN Tourism Association (ASEANTA)
22 Philippine Association of Accredited Tourist Guide Lecturers Inc. (PAATGLI)
23 Philippine Association of Conventions/Exhibitions, Organizations and Suppliers, Inc. (PACEOS)
24 Philippine Chamber of Commerce and Industry (PCCI);
25 Philippine Commission on Sports Scuba Diving
26 Philippine Retirement Authority (PRA)
27 Philippine Travel Agencies Association (PTAA)
28 The Asia Foundation
29 The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
30 The Philippine Tour Operators Association (PHILTOA)
31 The United States Travel Data Center (USTDC)
32 Tourism Industry Board Foundation, Inc. (TIBFI).
33 Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority
34 Travel and Tourism Research Association (TTRA)
35 Travel Industry Association of America (TIAA)
36 Union of Filipino Tourism Educators (UFTE)
37 United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO)
38 Universal Federation of Travel Agents Association (UFTAA)
39 World Association for Professional Training in Tourism (WAPTT)
40 World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC)