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    Lecture Three

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    imene larkem
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    Lecture Three

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    imene larkem
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    ii

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    Lecture Three(1)

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    ii

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    3 views1 page

    Lecture Three

    Uploaded by

    imene larkem
    ii

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    Module: Techniques of Scientific Communication and Expression

    Level : 2nd Year

    Lecture Three: How to Summarize a Scientific Text

    Writing Summaries:

    Writing good summaries requires accurate reading and ability to find the main idea and
    most important supporting evidence in a piece of writing. Summaries are always quite a bit
    shorter that the original texts, perhaps 75 percent shorter. Sometimes, particularly for a book,
    the summary is much shorter than the original, perhaps 99 percent shorter. When you write a
    summary, you give your readers an idea of the content of the article or book and save them
    the time and trouble of reading the entire original.

    To write a good summary, keep the following in mind:

     Read the original text carefully. Then try to understand its main subject
    or purpose.
     Read it again to understand it in more detail.
     Underline the key words in the topic.
     Underline the relevant parts of the text.
     Write the points down in note form, using your own words – Make the
    notes as brief as possible.
     Organize the information in logical fashion.
     Avoid repetition. i.e don’t repeat information, even if it’s repeated in
    the text.
     Write your summary.
    If you want to start with an introductory sentence, make it brief.
    Using linking words/phrases and paraphrase where possible. Include
    only information which is relevant to the topic.
     The first sentence or two of your summary should contain the author’s
    thesis, or central concept, stated in your own words.
     Use key vocabulary from the text when you can.
     Use your own wording. Occasionally, however, a phrase in the original
    may be especially striking, interesting, or controversial. In this case,
    you may use the author’s exact words.
     Don’t include your own ideas or comments. The summary should
    include only the author’s ideas.
     Make sure your summary is within the set word limit.
     Edit your summary, checking spelling, punctuation etc.

    Try to be relevant, concise and coherent.

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