Expected Grammar Mat

Expanded noun phrases Sentence types

Co-ordinating conjunctions
Expanded noun phrases are phrases that tell you more A co-ordinating conjunction joins two clauses of equal value or importance in a sentence. Statement – tells the reader something.
about the noun. These can be achieved by adding an There are many co-ordinating conjunctions but some of the main ones can be remembered
adjective to a noun phrase. Tigers have sharp teeth.
using the acronym FANBOYS.
Command – tells you to do something.
‘The scary monster’
F – for
The dinosaur had sharp teeth. A – and I like swimming and my brother likes football. Go and look at the tiger.
N – nor Question – gains further information by asking something.
You can add a prepositional phrase in order to give additional
B – but We might go to the cinema or we could go to the funfair.
detail to your expanded noun phrase.
O – or Did you see the tiger at the zoo?
‘An enormous, menacing monster in the mouth Y – yet I want to wear my sunhat but it is raining.
Exclamation – makes a statement but is usually said with
of a dark cave’ S – so
a strong emotion such as anger or surprise

Tense What sharp teeth the tiger had!

Subordinating conjuntions

Verbs are words which express actions and we must look at A subordinating conjunction introduces a subordinate clause (a clause that does not make sense on
these to determine the tense of the sentence. Adverbs and fronted adverbials
its own). There are many subordinating conjunctions but some of the main ones can be remembered
using the acronym A WHITE BUS. Adverbs give you more information about a
Past simple – the action took place in the past and is
verb. They tell you where, why, how or when
now finished.
A – although, after, as something happens or is done and can be
I walked to my friend’s house. We couldn’t do PE today because it was raining.
WH – when remembered using the acronym TRaMP.
I – if
Past progressive – the action took place in the past over a When playtime was over, the teacher rang the bell.
T – that T – time (when) R – reason (why) M – manner
period of time.
(how) P – place (where)
E – even though Make sure you wear your coat if it gets too cold.
I was walking to my friend’s house. B – because
U – until, unless We wanted to eat the cake that my mum made Please make sure that you come
Past perfect – the action was completed by a particular point
in the past S – since yesterday. home soon. (time)

I had walked to my friend’s house.

The dog greedily ate its dinner.
Present simple – the action takes place regularly. Relative clauses and relative pronouns (manner)

I walk to my friend’s house. A relative clause is a specific type of subordinate clause that adapts, describes or modifies a noun.
Fronted adverbials are words or phrases at the
They add information to sentences by using a relative pronoun (who, that, which, when, where,
beginning of a sentence, used to describe the
Present progressive – the action is taking place now. whose, whom).
action that follows.

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I am walking to my friend’s house.
The book, which is very popular with the class, is unavailable in the school As fast as he could, the little boy
Present perfect – the action is now completed. library. sprinted for the finishing line.
I have walked to my friend’s house.
The future tense also exists and explains that events have Modal verbs
not happened yet but will happen soon or in the future.
A modal verb is a special type of verb which changes or affects other verbs in a sentence. They are used to show the level of possibility, indicate ability,
show obligation or give permission. Examples: will, must, should, would, could, might, ought to, can

You must brush your teeth at least twice a day. He could decide whether to do his homework now or later.