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Types of Communication

Wired Communication
In computing terminology, the term "wired" is used to
differentiate between wireless connections and those that involve
cables.

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 Wired technology is more associated with wired
communication
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 Wired communication refers to the transmission of data over

a wire-based communication technology.
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 Examples include telephone networks, cable television or

internet access, and fiber-optic communication.
 Anything and everything you see around yourself having
wires and uses electricity to operate belongs to wired
technology

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Wireless Communication
While wireless devices communicate over the air, a wired setup
uses physical cables to transfer data between different devices
and computer systems.

 The term wireless refers to the communication of

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information over a distance,
 Without requiring wires, cables or electrical conductors.
 Information is transmitted through air, without requiring any
cables by using
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 Electro magnetic waves like radio frequencies, infrared,
satellite etc.
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Types of wireless communication

The different types of wireless communication mainly include

IR wireless communication, satellite communication, broadcast
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radio, Microwave radio, Bluetooth, etc.

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1. Satellite Communication
2. Infrared Communication
3. Broadcast Radio
4. Microwave Communication
5. Wi-Fi Mobile Communication Systems
6. Wireless technology in Medical Field
7. Wireless Power Transfer

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Different types of cables used in Wired Communication

Fiber Optic Cable

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Fiber optic cable consists of a bundle of glass threads, each of
which is capable of transmitting messages modulated onto light
waves.

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Fiber Optic cable has a complicated design and structure. This
type of cable has an outer optical casing that surrounds the light
and traps it within a central core. The inside of the cable (the core)
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must configured in two different ways – Single-mode and multi-
mode; although the difference may seem small, it makes a
tremendous difference to the performance and the usage of fiber
optic cables.
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Twisted Pair Cable

Twisted pair cable is a type of ordinary wiring which connects

home and many business computers to the telephone company. It
is made by putting two separate insulated wires together in a
twisted pattern and running them parallel to each other, which

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helps to reduce crosstalk or electromagnetic induction between
pairs of wires. Twisted pair cable is suitable for transferring
balanced differential signals. The method of transmitting signals

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dates back to the early days of the telegraph and radio. The
advantages of improved signal-to-noise ratio, crosstalk, and
ground bounce that balanced signal transmission brings are
particularly valuable in wide bandwidth and high fidelity systems.
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According to whether the cable has a shielding layer, there are
two common types of twisted pair cables—shielded twisted pair
(STP) cable and unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cable. STP cable
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is available for Token Ring networks, while the UTP cable is

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more suitable for Ethernet networks. The most common UTP

cable types applied in Ethernet network are cat5e, cat6a, and cat7
cables, etc. The following image shows the different structures of
UTP and STP cables.

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Coaxial Cable

Coaxial cable, or coax cable, is another type of copper cable

which has an inner conductor surrounded by foam insulation,
symmetrically wrapped by a woven braided metal shield, then
covered by in a plastic jacket (as shown in the following image).

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This unique design allows coaxial cable runs to installed next to
metal objects such as gutters without the power losses that occur
in other types of transmission lines. The coaxial cable acts as a

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high-frequency transmission cable made up of a single solid
copper core and compared to twisted pair cable. It has 80 times or
more transmission capability. This kind of cable is mainly
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adopted in feedlines connecting radio transmitters and receivers
with their antennas, computer network connections, and
distributing cable television signals.
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FTTN, FTTC, FFTB and FTTH are acronyms for fiber

connections. A fiber optic cable is nothing more than a set of
very thin transparent filaments of glass fiber or plastic polymers,
approximately the width of a human hair, held together by a
protective rubber sheath. The characteristics that distinguish this

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type of cable from the regular copper cables, the so-called
“twisted pair”, are that of being able to carry much more data /
information per unit of time and, at the same time, being lighter
and easier to handle, more flexible, substantially immune to
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electrical noise and more resistant to external atmospheric
conditions (for example, they are less affected by temperature
variations and less likely to break in strong winds because of
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their greater flexibility). All these features make the fiber cables
more performant in terms of transmission capacity and less
prone to failure and inconveniences, thus greatly reducing the
disservices to customers as well as maintenance costs. In the
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image below you can get an idea of the various acronyms used
for the types of fiber connections provided by ISPs (Internet
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Service Providers).

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 FTTN
Fiber to the Node or Neighborhood serves a few hundred
customers. Said customers must be within a one mile radius. The
remaining distance to the home, often referred to as the “last
mile,” can use DSL through existing telephone or cable
company lines. Customer proximity to the node and delivery

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protocols determine data rates.

 FTTC
Fiber to the Curb doesn’t refer to an actual curb. It’s the pole or

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closet that houses the mounted communications device. Coaxial
cables or twisted pairs then send the signals from the curb to the
home. However, bandwidth is lost during this delivery. FTTC
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can serve several customers within 1,000 feet.

 FTTB
Fiber to the Building, Business, or Basement. Fiber reaches the
boundary of the building, such as the basement in a multi-
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dwelling unit, with the final connection to the individual living

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space being made via alternative means, similar to the curb or

pole technologies.

 FTTH
Fiber to the Home moves between the property line switch box
and the residents’ junction boxes. Because the connection goes
directly to individual residences, FTTH offers a higher
bandwidth. It’s expensive to install in some countries or regions
of a country, but it’s gaining popularity. Countries like Romania
have one of the highest FTTH coverages in the world (leading
FTTH provider in Romania: DIGI Romania). Some carriers

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install fiber optics for this leg as a selling feature in new

residential areas.

Note: When you have a Synology NAS and want to access it

from the outside, it’s a good idea to have a FTTH fiber
connection. Another great advantage is that many ISPs can also

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provide a static IP address which is ideal if you have a Synology
NAS. Fast-forward a decade and fiber connections will be the
norm worldwide.
Note: While FTTH can offer faster speeds, it is currently more

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expensive to install (however, some ISPs offer free installation
with new contracts). FTTC, FTTB or FTTN provide fiber optic
Internet to more customers at lower costs.
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AON vs PON Networks

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Fiber to the home (FTTH) is a system which installs optical

fiber from a central point directly to individual buildings such as
residences and apartments. The deployment of FTTH has come
a long way before subscribers adopt optical fibers instead of
copper lines to achieve broadband Internet access. There are two
basic paths to deploy high-speed FTTH networks: active optical
network (AON) and passive optical network (PON).

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AON Network
AON is a point-to-point network structure in which each
subscriber has its own fiber-optic line that is terminated on an
optical concentrator. AON network covers electrically powered
switching equipment, such as a router or a switch aggregator, to
manage signal distribution and direction signals to specific

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customers. The switch directs the incoming and outgoing signals
to the proper place by opening and closing in various ways. The
reliance of the AON network on Ethernet technology makes

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interoperability among vendors easy. Subscribers can select
hardware that delivers an appropriate data transmission rate and
scale up as their needs increase without the need to restructure the
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network. However, the AON network requires at least one switch
aggregator for each subscriber.
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PON Network
Different from AON networks, PON is a point to multipoint
network structure in which passive optical splitters are used to
separate and collect optical signals. The fiber optic splitters allow
the PON network to serve multiple subscribers in a single optical
fiber without the need to deploy individual fibers between the hub

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and the end-users. As its name shows, the PON network does not
include electrically powered switching equipment and shares
fiber optic strands for portions of the network. Powered

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equipment is required only at the source and receiving ends of the
signal.
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