10/11/24, 6:34 PM breast-cancer-model.

ipynb - Colab

Q1-Imports

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
from sklearn.naive_bayes import GaussianNB
from sklearn.linear_model import LogisticRegression
from sklearn.ensemble import RandomForestClassifier
from sklearn.svm import SVC
from sklearn.neighbors import KNeighborsClassifier
from xgboost import XGBClassifier
from sklearn.model_selection import GridSearchCV
from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score, precision_score, recall_score, f1_score

df = pd.read_csv('/kaggle/input/breast-cancer-dataset/breast-cancer.csv')
print(df.head())

id diagnosis radius_mean texture_mean perimeter_mean area_mean \

0 842302 M 17.99 10.38 122.80 1001.0
1 842517 M 20.57 17.77 132.90 1326.0
2 84300903 M 19.69 21.25 130.00 1203.0
3 84348301 M 11.42 20.38 77.58 386.1
4 84358402 M 20.29 14.34 135.10 1297.0

smoothness_mean compactness_mean concavity_mean concave points_mean \

0 0.11840 0.27760 0.3001 0.14710
1 0.08474 0.07864 0.0869 0.07017
2 0.10960 0.15990 0.1974 0.12790
3 0.14250 0.28390 0.2414 0.10520
4 0.10030 0.13280 0.1980 0.10430

... radius_worst texture_worst perimeter_worst area_worst \

0 ... 25.38 17.33 184.60 2019.0
1 ... 24.99 23.41 158.80 1956.0
2 ... 23.57 25.53 152.50 1709.0
3 ... 14.91 26.50 98.87 567.7
4 ... 22.54 16.67 152.20 1575.0

smoothness_worst compactness_worst concavity_worst concave points_worst \

0 0.1622 0.6656 0.7119 0.2654
1 0.1238 0.1866 0.2416 0.1860
2 0.1444 0.4245 0.4504 0.2430
3 0.2098 0.8663 0.6869 0.2575
4 0.1374 0.2050 0.4000 0.1625

symmetry_worst fractal_dimension_worst
0 0.4601 0.11890
1 0.2750 0.08902
2 0.3613 0.08758
3 0.6638 0.17300
4 0.2364 0.07678

[5 rows x 32 columns]

df.head()

concave
id diagnosis radius_mean texture_mean perimeter_mean area_mean smoothness_mean compactness_mean concavity_mean ... radius_worst texture_worst p
points_mean

0 842302 M 17.99 10.38 122.80 1001.0 0.11840 0.27760 0.3001 0.14710 ... 25.38 17.33

1 842517 M 20.57 17.77 132.90 1326.0 0.08474 0.07864 0.0869 0.07017 ... 24.99 23.41

2 84300903 M 19.69 21.25 130.00 1203.0 0.10960 0.15990 0.1974 0.12790 ... 23.57 25.53

3 84348301 M 11.42 20.38 77.58 386.1 0.14250 0.28390 0.2414 0.10520 ... 14.91 26.50

4 84358402 M 20.29 14.34 135.10 1297.0 0.10030 0.13280 0.1980 0.10430 ... 22.54 16.67

5 rows × 32 columns

Q2- Data Analysis

# 1. Understanding the structure of the dataset

print("Dataset Information:")
print(df.info()) # Information about data types and missing values

print("\nSummary Statistics:")
print(df.describe()) # Summary statistics of numerical features

Dataset Information:
<class 'pandas.core.frame.DataFrame'>
RangeIndex: 569 entries, 0 to 568
Data columns (total 32 columns):
# Column Non-Null Count Dtype
--- ------ -------------- -----
0 id 569 non-null int64
1 diagnosis 569 non-null object
2 radius_mean 569 non-null float64
3 texture_mean 569 non-null float64
4 perimeter_mean 569 non-null float64
5 area_mean 569 non-null float64
6 smoothness_mean 569 non-null float64
7 compactness_mean 569 non-null float64
8 concavity_mean 569 non-null float64
9 concave points_mean 569 non-null float64
10 symmetry_mean 569 non-null float64
11 fractal_dimension_mean 569 non-null float64
12 radius_se 569 non-null float64
13 texture_se 569 non-null float64
14 perimeter_se 569 non-null float64
15 area_se 569 non-null float64
16 smoothness_se 569 non-null float64
17 compactness_se 569 non-null float64
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10/11/24, 6:34 PM breast-cancer-model.ipynb - Colab
18 concavity_se 569 non-null float64
19 concave points_se 569 non-null float64
20 symmetry_se 569 non-null float64
21 fractal_dimension_se 569 non-null float64
22 radius_worst 569 non-null float64
23 texture_worst 569 non-null float64
24 perimeter_worst 569 non-null float64
25 area_worst 569 non-null float64
26 smoothness_worst 569 non-null float64
27 compactness_worst 569 non-null float64
28 concavity_worst 569 non-null float64
29 concave points_worst 569 non-null float64
30 symmetry_worst 569 non-null float64
31 fractal_dimension_worst 569 non-null float64
dtypes: float64(30), int64(1), object(1)
memory usage: 142.4+ KB
None

Summary Statistics:
id radius_mean texture_mean perimeter_mean area_mean \
count 5.690000e+02 569.000000 569.000000 569.000000 569.000000
mean 3.037183e+07 14.127292 19.289649 91.969033 654.889104
std 1.250206e+08 3.524049 4.301036 24.298981 351.914129
min 8.670000e+03 6.981000 9.710000 43.790000 143.500000
25% 8.692180e+05 11.700000 16.170000 75.170000 420.300000
50% 9.060240e+05 13.370000 18.840000 86.240000 551.100000
75% 8.813129e+06 15.780000 21.800000 104.100000 782.700000
max 9.113205e+08 28.110000 39.280000 188.500000 2501.000000

smoothness_mean compactness_mean concavity_mean concave points_mean \

count 569.000000 569.000000 569.000000 569.000000
mean 0.096360 0.104341 0.088799 0.048919
std 0.014064 0.052813 0.079720 0.038803
min 0.052630 0.019380 0.000000 0.000000

# 2. Checking for missing values

missing_values = df.isnull().sum()
print("\nMissing values in each column:")
print(missing_values)

Missing values in each column:

id 0
diagnosis 0
radius_mean 0
texture_mean 0
perimeter_mean 0
area_mean 0
smoothness_mean 0
compactness_mean 0
concavity_mean 0
concave points_mean 0
symmetry_mean 0
fractal_dimension_mean 0
radius_se 0
texture_se 0
perimeter_se 0
area_se 0
smoothness_se 0
compactness_se 0
concavity_se 0
concave points_se 0
symmetry_se 0
fractal_dimension_se 0
radius_worst 0
texture_worst 0
perimeter_worst 0
area_worst 0
smoothness_worst 0
compactness_worst 0
concavity_worst 0
concave points_worst 0
symmetry_worst 0
fractal_dimension_worst 0
dtype: int64

# 3. Analyzing the distribution of the target variable (assume 'diagnosis' as the target)
print("\nTarget variable distribution (Diagnosis):")
print(df['diagnosis'].value_counts())

Target variable distribution (Diagnosis):

diagnosis
B 357
M 212
Name: count, dtype: int64

# 4. Visualizing some important aspects of the dataset

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import seaborn as sns

# Select only numeric columns for the correlation matrix

numeric_df = df.select_dtypes(include=[np.number])

# Visualizing the correlation between numerical features

plt.figure(figsize=(12, 8))
sns.heatmap(numeric_df.corr(), annot=False, cmap='coolwarm')
plt.title('Correlation Matrix')
plt.show()

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10/11/24, 6:34 PM breast-cancer-model.ipynb - Colab

# Print the column names to verify

print(df.columns)

Index(['id', 'diagnosis', 'radius_mean', 'texture_mean', 'perimeter_mean',

'area_mean', 'smoothness_mean', 'compactness_mean', 'concavity_mean',
'concave points_mean', 'symmetry_mean', 'fractal_dimension_mean',
'radius_se', 'texture_se', 'perimeter_se', 'area_se', 'smoothness_se',
'compactness_se', 'concavity_se', 'concave points_se', 'symmetry_se',
'fractal_dimension_se', 'radius_worst', 'texture_worst',
'perimeter_worst', 'area_worst', 'smoothness_worst',
'compactness_worst', 'concavity_worst', 'concave points_worst',
'symmetry_worst', 'fractal_dimension_worst'],
dtype='object')

# Generate the boxplot using the correct column name

print(df.columns)
print(df[['diagnosis', 'radius_mean']].head())
sns.boxplot(x='diagnosis', y='radius_mean', data=df)# Replace 'radius_mean' with the actual column name

Index(['id', 'diagnosis', 'radius_mean', 'texture_mean', 'perimeter_mean',

'area_mean', 'smoothness_mean', 'compactness_mean', 'concavity_mean',
'concave points_mean', 'symmetry_mean', 'fractal_dimension_mean',
'radius_se', 'texture_se', 'perimeter_se', 'area_se', 'smoothness_se',
'compactness_se', 'concavity_se', 'concave points_se', 'symmetry_se',
'fractal_dimension_se', 'radius_worst', 'texture_worst',
'perimeter_worst', 'area_worst', 'smoothness_worst',
'compactness_worst', 'concavity_worst', 'concave points_worst',
'symmetry_worst', 'fractal_dimension_worst'],
dtype='object')
diagnosis radius_mean
0 M 17.99
1 M 20.57
2 M 19.69
3 M 11.42
4 M 20.29
<Axes: xlabel='diagnosis', ylabel='radius_mean'>

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10/11/24, 6:34 PM breast-cancer-model.ipynb - Colab
plt.figure(figsize=(6, 4))
sns.countplot(x='diagnosis', data=df) # Change 'df=df' to 'data=df'
plt.title('Count of Diagnosis in Dataset')
plt.show()
print(df.columns)

Index(['id', 'diagnosis', 'radius_mean', 'texture_mean', 'perimeter_mean',

'area_mean', 'smoothness_mean', 'compactness_mean', 'concavity_mean',
'concave points_mean', 'symmetry_mean', 'fractal_dimension_mean',
'radius_se', 'texture_se', 'perimeter_se', 'area_se', 'smoothness_se',
'compactness_se', 'concavity_se', 'concave points_se', 'symmetry_se',
'fractal_dimension_se', 'radius_worst', 'texture_worst',
'perimeter_worst', 'area_worst', 'smoothness_worst',
'compactness_worst', 'concavity_worst', 'concave points_worst',
'symmetry_worst', 'fractal_dimension_worst'],
dtype 'object')

Q3-Data Preprocessing, Assign data and labels, Scaling Data, Splitting Data

from sklearn.preprocessing import StandardScaler

from sklearn.model_selection import train_test_split

# 1. Assign Data (Features) and Labels (Target)

# Assuming 'diagnosis' is the target and the rest are features
# Replace 'diagnosis' with the actual name of the label column
X = df.drop(columns=['diagnosis']) # Features (all columns except 'diagnosis')
y = df['diagnosis'] # Labels (target)

# 2. Encode the labels (if needed)

# If 'diagnosis' is categorical (e.g., 'M' and 'B' for malignant and benign), convert it to numerical labels
y = y.map({'M': 1, 'B': 0}) # Assuming 'M' for malignant and 'B' for benign; adjust if necessary

# 3. Scaling the Data

scaler = StandardScaler()
X_scaled = scaler.fit_transform(X) # Standardizing features by removing mean and scaling to unit variance

# 4. Splitting the Data

# Split the dataset into training (80%) and testing (20%) sets
X_train, X_test, y_train, y_test = train_test_split(X_scaled, y, test_size=0.2, random_state=42)

# Display shapes of training and testing sets

print("Training set size:", X_train.shape)
print("Test set size:", X_test.shape)

Training set size: (455, 31)

Test set size: (114, 31)

Q4-Model Implementation

# Importing the Naive Bayes classifier

from sklearn.naive_bayes import GaussianNB

# 1. Initialize the Naive Bayes classifier

model = GaussianNB()

# 2. Train the model using the training data

model.fit(X_train, y_train)

# 3. Make predictions on the test set

y_pred = model.predict(X_test)

# 4. Evaluate the model's performance

accuracy = accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred)
precision = precision_score(y_test, y_pred)
recall = recall_score(y_test, y_pred)

# 5. Print the evaluation metrics

print(f"Accuracy: {accuracy:.2f}")
print(f"Precision: {precision:.2f}")
print(f"Recall: {recall:.2f}")

Accuracy: 0.96
Precision: 0.98
Recall: 0.93

Q5-Calculate the accuracy, precision, and recall for your data set

from sklearn.metrics import accuracy_score, precision_score, recall_score, confusion_matrix, ConfusionMatrixDisplay

# 1. Evaluate the model's performance

accuracy accuracy score(y test y pred)
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10/11/24, 6:34 PM breast-cancer-model.ipynb - Colab
accuracy = accuracy_score(y_test, y_pred)
precision = precision_score(y_test, y_pred)
recall = recall_score(y_test, y_pred)

# 2. Print the evaluation metrics

print(f"Accuracy: {accuracy:.2f}")
print(f"Precision: {precision:.2f}")
print(f"Recall: {recall:.2f}")

# 3. Calculate and display the confusion matrix

cm = confusion_matrix(y_test, y_pred)
disp = ConfusionMatrixDisplay(confusion_matrix=cm, display_labels=['Benign (0)', 'Malignant (1)'])
disp.plot(cmap='Blues')
plt.title('Confusion Matrix')
plt.show()

Accuracy: 0.96
Precision: 0.98
Recall: 0.93

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