Ss 1 Biology Answer

SS 1 BIOLOGY ANSWER
1 .B 11. A 21.B 31. C 41. B
2 .B 12. C 22. B 32. C 42. B
3 .B 13.B 23. D 33. C 43. A
4. D 14.A 24. A 34. B 44.D
5 .D 15.C 25. D 35. A 45. A
6. C 16 B 26. B 36. D 46. A
7. A 17. A 27. B 37. B 47. C
8. D 18. B 28. C 38. C 48. D
9. A 19. B 29. B 39. B 49. D
10. D 20. A 30. D 40. D 50. D
THEORY
1. This the growth of microorganisms such as bacteria, yeast, animal cells and tissues in the
laboratory under favourable condition with the right temperature
b. Sterilization of culture media, glasswares etc
preparation of agar
pour the agar in a petri dish and allow to cool
introduction of microorganism in the petri dish and cover immediately
inoculation of microorganism
incubation
observe for any microbial characteristics for 24 or 48 hours

c . Safety precaution measures were properly taken such as wearing of glove, lab coat, face mask
Washing of hands before and after preparation of agar solution
Avoid talking, coughing and sneezing
All instruments should be sterilized
2. Agricultural Programmes Aimed at Increasing Food Production
Green Revolution
Operation feed the nation
International institute of tropical agriculture(IITA), Ibadan
Cocoa research institute of Nigeria
B.. Five Ways by Which Government Can Improve Food Production in Nigeria
1.Provision of Subsidies and Financial Support
2. Investment in Agricultural Research and Development
3. Improvement of Rural Infrastructure
4. Extension Services and Farmer Education
5. Market Access and Fair Pricing
C. Major Consequences of Food Shortage in the World Growing Population
i. Malnutrition and Health Problems
ii. Economic Instability and Poverty
iii. Social Unrest and Conflict
3. Differences between Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons

Monocotyledons Dicotyledons
Possess only one seed leaf or cotyledon Possess two seed leaf or cotyledon
Possess parallel venation Possess net venation
They do not undergo secondary growth They undergo secondary growth
There is presence of xylem There is presence of xylem
They have fibrous root system They have tap root system
3. Agricultural Practices and Their Effects on Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons
1. Use of Herbicides
Effect: Selective herbicides target specific weeds without harming the crop. However, non-
selective herbicides can damage both monocots and dicots if not used correctly.
Control: Use herbicides with caution, adhere to recommended dosages, and select herbicides that
are specific to the types of weeds present.
2. Crop Rotation
Effect: Beneficial in reducing soil-borne diseases and pests that affect both monocots and dicots.
It helps in maintaining soil fertility.
Control: Implement diverse crop rotations to avoid specific pest build-ups and to replenish soil
nutrients.
3. Irrigation Practices
Effect: Proper irrigation promotes healthy growth of both monocots and dicots. Over-irrigation
can lead to waterlogging and root diseases.
Control: Use efficient irrigation techniques like drip or sprinkler systems to optimize water use
and prevent water-related issues.
4. Pesticide Application
Effect: Pesticides protect crops from insect pests and diseases but can also harm beneficial
insects and lead to pesticide resistance.
Control: Use integrated pest management strategies, including biological control, to reduce
reliance on chemical pesticides.
5. Fertilizer Application
Effect: Enhances growth and yields of both monocots and dicots by providing essential
nutrients. Overuse can lead to nutrient leaching and environmental pollution.
Control: Follow soil test recommendations for balanced fertilizer application and use organic
fertilizers where possible.
4. Chemical control
Physical control
Biological control: involves the introduction of natural enemies of pest to control or keep the
pest population under control
Cultural control: involve the use of farm practices to prevent pests
b.Diseases: Causative Organism, Host, Symptoms, and Control Measures
Disease Causative Host Major Symptoms Control

Organism Measures
Coccidiosis Eimeria(protozoa) Poultry (chickens, Diarrhea (often Good sanitation,
turkeys, etc.) bloody), weight use of
loss, reduced anticoccidial
growth, lethargy drugs, vaccination,
managing stocking
density
ii) Newcastle Newcastle disease Poultry Respiratory Vaccination,

Disease virus (chickens, distress, nervous biosecurity
(Paramyxovirus) turkeys, etc. symptoms measures, proper
(tremors, disposal of
paralysis), infected
decreased egg carcasses,
production, quarantine
sudden death
Anthracnose Colletotrichum Various plants Dark, sunken Use of resistant
species (fungus) lesions on leaves, varieties, crop
stems, and fruit, rotation,
defoliation fungicide
application,
removal of
infected plant
debris
Brown Spot Bipolaris oryzae Rice Small, circular, Use of resistant
(fungus) dark brown varieties, proper
lesions on leaves, spacing to reduce
reduced yield humidity,
fungicide
application, good
field sanitation
5. The first law of thermodynamics states that when one form of energy is
converted into another, the total quantity of energy is constant (there is no net loss
or gain in energy) that is to say that energy is neither created nor destroyed.
Second Law Of Thermodynamics: The law states that when one form of energy
is converted into another, a proportion of it is converted into heat.
b. The second law shows that when energy flows through a food chain, only a
small proportion of the energy taken up by each link is transferred to the next step.
This is because at each transfer, most of the energy is lost as heat.
In the flow of energy from herbivore to carnivore, there is loss of usable energy.
This loss of energy means that les life can be maintained at highest trophic level.
6. Classification of Plants Based on Their Life Cycle
1. Annuals: Plants that complete their life cycle (germination, flowering, seed production, and
death) within one year (e.g., wheat, corn).
2. Biennials: Plants that take two years to complete their life cycle, typically forming vegetative
structures in the first year and flowering and producing seeds in the second year (e.g., carrots,
beets).
3. Perennials: Plants that live for more than two years, often producing flowers and seeds
annually after the initial growing period (e.g., trees, shrubs, many grasses).
b. Differences Between Angiosperms and Gymnosperms
Angiosperm Gymnosperm
They bear flowers They do not bear flower
Seeds are enclosed Seeds are naked
Seeds develop from ovules and are enclosed in Seeds are bore on cones
the ovary
DISEASE CAUSATIVE HOST MAJOR CONTROL

SYMPTOMS MEASURES
ORGANISM
Anthracnose Fungi Cocoa, coffee, Brown, water Use of

cotton and oil soaked fungicides
palm patches on
leaves and
pods
Black pod Fungi Cocoa Dark brown, Spraying with
or black rot fungicides,
on pod, farm
damage to sanitation
fruit and seed
walls
Brown spot Fungi Maize Purplish- Avoid
brown spots planting on
on leaves. infected spots
Entire plant
may break up.
Bacterial wilt Bacteria Banana, Leaf wild and Use of clean
plantain, defoliating. planting
cassava, Wilt of entire material, good
tobacco and plant sanitation
groundnut
Coccidiosis Protozoan Cattle, foul, Bloody Good sanitation.

sheep, and diarrhea, Avoid
goat weakness, overcrowding.
emaciation Disinfected
and death sulphamethazine.
Anthrax Bacteria Cattle, goat, Premature Vaccination of
pig and sheep birth, still- young animals
birth, before age of
retention of breeding. Good
afterbirth and sanitation.
sterility
Newcastle Virus Poultry Yellowish No effective
droppings, cure. Kill off
comb turns infected bird.
purple. Disinfected pens.
Coughing, Consult a
gasping and veterinary officer
death
Ringworm Fungus Cattle and Lesions at the Use fungicides
horses base of hairs. to wash lesions.
Hairs fall off Use antibiotics
and itching as oral treatment
Disease of Animals

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SS 1 BIOLOGY ANSWER

1 .B 11. A 21.B 31. C 41. B

2 .B 12. C 22. B 32. C 42. B

3 .B 13.B 23. D 33. C 43. A

4. D 14.A 24. A 34. B 44.D

5 .D 15.C 25. D 35. A 45. A

6. C 16 B 26. B 36. D 46. A

7. A 17. A 27. B 37. B 47. C

8. D 18. B 28. C 38. C 48. D

9. A 19. B 29. B 39. B 49. D

10. D 20. A 30. D 40. D 50. D

b. Sterilization of culture media, glasswares etc

pour the agar in a petri dish and allow to cool

introduction of microorganism in the petri dish and cover immediately

observe for any microbial characteristics for 24 or 48 hours

Washing of hands before and after preparation of agar solution

Avoid talking, coughing and sneezing

All instruments should be sterilized

2. Agricultural Programmes Aimed at Increasing Food Production

Operation feed the nation

International institute of tropical agriculture(IITA), Ibadan

Cocoa research institute of Nigeria

1.Provision of Subsidies and Financial Support

2. Investment in Agricultural Research and Development

3. Improvement of Rural Infrastructure

4. Extension Services and Farmer Education

5. Market Access and Fair Pricing

C. Major Consequences of Food Shortage in the World Growing Population

i. Malnutrition and Health Problems

ii. Economic Instability and Poverty

iii. Social Unrest and Conflict

3. Differences between Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons

3. Agricultural Practices and Their Effects on Monocotyledons and Dicotyledons

Cultural control: involve the use of farm practices to prevent pests

b.Diseases: Causative Organism, Host, Symptoms, and Control Measures

Disease Causative Host Major Symptoms Control

ii) Newcastle Newcastle disease Poultry Respiratory Vaccination,

6. Classification of Plants Based on Their Life Cycle

b. Differences Between Angiosperms and Gymnosperms

DISEASE CAUSATIVE HOST MAJOR CONTROL

Anthracnose Fungi Cocoa, coffee, Brown, water Use of

Coccidiosis Protozoan Cattle, foul, Bloody Good sanitation.

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