General Mathematics

Lesson 1: Functions as Models

Review:
1. It is the set of first coordinates
a. Range
b. Domain
c. Abscissa
2. It is the set of second coordinates
a. Range
b. Domain
c. Abscissa
3. Find the domain and range of the given ordered pairs

a. Domain
i. {-1, 0, 1, 2, 4}
b. Range
i. {-5, -4, -3, -1, 3, 5}

Main Lesson:
● Relation
○ It is a set of ordered pairs
● Function
○ It is a relation in which each element of the domain corresponds to exactly
one element of the range
○ Different ways that a function can be presented
■ Table of values

● Mapping diagrams
○ There is an input and an output
○ Output
■ Domain
○ Input
■ Range
○ How to determine if the relationship in the mapping
diagram is a function
■ All inputs have 1 output each
○ Example

■
● Function
 ■
● Not a function

■
● Function
■ Ordered pairs

● There should be no two or more domains/x-value that are the

same for it to be a function
■ Graph

● Vertical Line Test

○ A graph represents a function if and only if each vertical
line intersects the graph at most once

○
■ Function

○
■ Not a function
■ Equation

● y = 2x+1
○ It is a function because it is a linear equation
○ A linear equation, when graphed and a vertical line test
is used, will always only intersect at one point
2
● y = x -2x+2
○ It is a function because it is a quadratic equation
 ○ A quadratic equation, when graphed a vertical line test
is used, will always only intersect at one point
● y = √x+1
○ It is a function because if we use the Desmos website,
we can confirm using a vertical line test that it is a
function.
● y = 2x+1 / x-1
○ It is a function because if we use the Desmos website,
we can confirm using a vertical line test that it is a
function.
● x2+y2 = 1
○ First, solve for y since all of the examples had y
separated. Express y in terms of x.

○
○ Square root method

○
■ This is not a function because, for every value
of x, there are 2 values of y

Lesson 2: Domain and Range

Recall:
● Domain
○ Is the set of first coordinates
○ x-values
● Range
○ Is the set of second coordinates
○ y-values

Presented below are some restrictions to consider when finding the domain and range of
some functions that involve the following:
● Radicals with even indices: Radicands must be nonnegative (i.e. radicant is
greater than or equal to zero)
● Fractions: Denominators must not be equal to zero

Determining Domain and Range Examples:

● Ordered pairs
○
○ Domain
■ {1, 2, 3, 4}
○ Range
■ {2, 5}
● Mapping Diagram
 ○
○ Input = x-values = Domain
○ Output = y-values = Range
○ Domain
■ {a, b, c, d}
○ Output
■ {x, y, z}
● Table of Values

○
○ x-values = Domain
○ y-values = Range
○ Domain
■ {-7, -4, -2, 8, 10, 19}
○ Range
■ {-11, -5, 6, 9, 12, 17}
● Graph

○
○ If the circle is shaded, it is a part of a solution
○ x-values = Domain
○ y-values = Range
○ Domain
■ Interval Notation
● [-10, -2]
■ Set Builder Notation
● {x ⎸-10 ≤ x ≤ -2}
○ Range
■ Interval Notation
● [3, 18]
■ Set Builder Notation
● {y ⎸3 ≤ y ≤ 18}
○
○ Domain
■ Interval Notation
● (0, 4]
■ Set Builder Notation
● {x ⎸0 < x ≤ 4}
○ Range
■ Interval Notation
● [-4, 1)
■ Set Builder Notation
● {y ⎸-4 ≤ y < 1}

○
○ Arrows
■ Approaching Infinity
○ Domain
■ Interval Notation
● (-∞, ∞)
■ Set Builder Notation
● {x ⎸x ∈ ℝ}
● The set of numbers such that x is an element of all real
numbers
○ Range
■ Interval Notation
● (-∞, ∞)
■ Set Builder Notation
● {y ⎸y ∈ ℝ}
● The set of numbness such that y is an element of all real
numbers
 ○
○ Domain
■ Interval Notation
● (-∞, 3)
■ Set Builder Notation
● {x ⎸x < 3}
○ Range
■ Interval Notation
● (-∞, 16)
■ Set Builder Notation
● {y ⎸y < 16}
● Equation
○ If the values of x and y are polynomial, the answer is the set of all real
numbers, except for the range if there are restrictions
○ To find the domain, solve for y
○ To find the range, solve for x
○ -y = -2x + 5
■ Multiply by -1
■ y = 2x-5
■ Since y is a polynomial, the domain is a set of numbers such that x is
an element of all real numbers
■ {x ⎸x ∈ ℝ}
○ 2x = 5 + y
■ Divide both sides by 2
■ x = ½ y + 5/2
■ Since x is a polynomial without restriction, the range is a set of
numbers such that y is an element of all real numbers
■ {y ⎸y ∈ ℝ}
○ y = x2-9
■ To find the domain, solve for y
■ Since y = x2-9 is already expressed for y in terms of x
■ {x ⎸x ∈ ℝ}
○ y = x2-9
■ To find the range, solve for x
■ x2 = y+9
■ Square root method
■ x = ±√y+9
■ If the value of y in finding the range is a radical, the number inside
must be 0 or greater than 0
■ y+9 ≥ 0
 ■ y ≥ -9
■ {y ⎸y ≥ -9}
○ 3y+xy = 2x+1
■ To find the domain, solve for y
■ y(3+x) = 2x+1
■ y = 2x+1 / 3+x
■ Restriction: If it is a fraction, the denominator should not be equal to 0
■ 3+x ≠ 0
■ x ≠ -3
■ {x ⎸x ∈ ℝ, x ≠ -3}