School of Electrical and Communication Department of

Electronics and Communication Engineering

Unit-2 Question Bank

Subject/Code: Wireless Communication Technologies/10213EC112

PART-A
1. Define Cell and a cell cluster.
A cell is defined as a basic geographical area covered by a single base station and use group of radio
channels for communication in a cellular system.
A group of cells that uses a different set of frequencies in each cell is called a cell cluster.
Frequencies used in one cluster ca be reused in another cluster of cells.
2. Define Frequency reuse.
The design process of selecting and allocating same subset of frequencies (or) radio channels can be
used in group of cells within a system is called Frequency reuse or frequency planning.
3. What is channel assignment or channel allocation? What are the types?
For efficient utilization of radio spectrum a frequency reuse scheme with increasing capacity and
minimizing interference is required. For this channel assignment is used. The types of channel
assignment are: Fixed channel assignment, Dynamic channel assignment.
4. What is frequency reuse ratio?
If the cell size and the power transmitted at the base stations are same then co-channel interference
will become independent of the transmitted power and will depend on radius of the cell (R) and the
distance between the interfering co-channel cells (D).
If D/R ratio is increased, then the effective distance between the co-channel cells will increase and
interference will decrease. The parameter Q is called the frequency reuse ratio and is related to the
cluster size.
5. Define cell splitting and sectoring.
Cell splitting is the process of subdividing congested cells into smaller cells each with its own
base stations and a corresponding reduction in antenna height and transmitter power. It increases the
capacity of cellular system.
Sectoring is a technique for decreasing co-channel interference and thus increasing the system
performance by using directional antennas .
6. What is dynamic channel assignment?
If the voice channels are not allocated permanently in a cell, it will be called as dynamic channel
assignment. In this assignment, channels are dynamically allocated to users by the MSC.
7. What is a foot print and dwell time?
The actual coverage area of a cell is known as the foot print. It is determined from the field
measurements or propagation prediction models.
The time over which a call may be maintained within a cell without hand off is called the dwell time.
8. Define hand off and mode of hand off.
When a mobile moves into a different cell while conversation in progress,
the MSC automatically transfers the call from one cell to other cell without any
interference. This is called as hand off.. Modes of hand off are: i. MCHO – Mobile Controlled
Hand off ii. NCHO – Network Controlled Hand off iii. MAHO – Mobile Assisted Hand off
9. Define Grade of service.
Grade of service is defined as the measure of the ability of a user to access a trunked system during the
busiest hour.
10. What is blocked call clear system (BCC)?
In a system, a user is blocked without access by a system when no channels are available in the
 system. The call blocked by the system is cleared and the user should try again .This is called BCC
system.

11. What are the techniques used to expand the capacity of cellular system?
Cell splitting, Sectoring and Microcell zone concept are the techniques used to expand the capacity of
cellular system. Cell splitting: Cell splitting is a technique which has the capability to add new smaller
cells in specific areas of the system. i.e .divide large cell size into small size.
Sectoring : use of directional antennas to reduce Co-channel interference.
Microcell Zone approaches – large central BS is replaced by several low power transmitters on
the edge of the cell.
12. What are the major types of cellular interference?
The major types of cellular interferences are as follows: . i.CCI – Co-channel interference is the
interference between signals from co-channel cells. ii.ACI Adjacent channel interference resulting
from signals which area adjacent in frequency to the desired signal.
13. What is traffic intensity?
It is a measure of channel time utilization, which is the average channel occupancy measured in
Erlangs.
Au= λH
14. What is blocked call cleared system?
In a system, a user is blocked without access by a system when no channels are available in the system.
The call blocked by the system is cleared and the user should try again .This is called BCC system.
15. In a cellular network, among a handoff call and a new call, which one is given priority? Why?
In a cellular network, among a handoff call and a new call, priority is given to Handoff call, to provide
continuous service to the existing call.

PART-B
Q.1. Discuss in detail about frequency reuse concept in a cellular system with suitable example
Q.2. Explain various channel assignment strategies employed in a cellular system in a limited channel
environment.

Q.3. Explain different types of interferences that occurs in a cellular system.

Q.4. Illustrate Handoff service in cellular system and strategies used for prioritizing it
Q.5. Discuss Trunking phenomenon and Grade of Service in a cellular system
Q.6. Discuss in detail about Cell splitting mechanism of improving cell capacity
Q.7. Explain Sectoring technique employed for increasing cellular system capacity in detail

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