PEARL OF PHYSICS OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS CHAPTER- 10

Key Point
Least distance of distinct vision:- The minimum distance from the eye at which an object
appears to be distinct is called near point or least distance of distinct vision.

Near point 25cm.

Far point ∞

Magnification:-
Magnification is the ability of a lens to enlarge image.
𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑞
M= =𝑝
𝑠𝑖𝑧𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡
𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝛽
Angular magnification = =∝
𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑏𝑦 𝑜𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡

Edited By. Zaheer Abbas Baloch – Director The Scholars Science College , The Scholars Academy, WahCantt.
PEARL OF PHYSICS OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS CHAPTER- 10

Resolution and Resolving power :- It is the ability of an instrument to resolve minor details.
αmin = 1.22 λ/D R = 1/ αmin
For diffraction grating R = N ×m

Simple Microscope:- It used only one lens (Convex Lens)

𝐵 𝑑 𝑑
M=∝ or M= =1+
𝑝 𝑓
Image I formed is errect and magnified object o placed
inside the focal length.
Compound Microscope:- When high magnification is required compound microscope is used. it
consist of two lenses .One convex lens of very short focal length and an eye piece of comparatively
long focal length .It produces a real magnified image of the object placed between F and 2F away
from 2F of object lens . this image is further magnified by eyepiece and final image is formed at the
near Point d.

𝑞 𝑑
M = 𝑝 (1 + )
𝑓𝑒

Edited By. Zaheer Abbas Baloch – Director The Scholars Science College , The Scholars Academy, WahCantt.
PEARL OF PHYSICS OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS CHAPTER- 10

Telescope:- It is an optical device used to view distant objects. A simple telescope consist of 2
convex lenses, an objective lens of long focal length and eye piece of short focal length , the
objective lens forms an inverted and diminished image , this real image acts as an object for eye
piece and final image formed is virtual enlarged and inverted.
fo
M = fe Length of telescope = fo + fe

Optical fiber:- An optical fiber is a flexible, transparent fiber made by drawing glass (silica) or plastic
to a diameter slightly thicker than that of a human hair. Optical fibers are used most often as a
means to transmit light between the two ends of the fiber and find wide usage in fiber-optic
communications, where they permit transmission over longer distances and at
higher bandwidths (data rates) than electrical cables. Fibers are used instead of metal wires
because signals travel along them with less loss; in addition, fibers are immune to electromagnetic
interference, a problem from which metal wires suffer excessively. Fibers are also used
for illumination and imaging, and are often wrapped in bundles so they may be used to carry light
into, or images out of confined spaces, as in the case of a fiberscope. Specially designed fibers are
also used for a variety of other applications, some of them being fiber optic sensors and fiber lasers.
Optical fibers typically include a core surrounded by a transparent cladding material with a
lower index of refraction. Light is kept in the core by the phenomenon of total internal
reflection which causes the fiber to act as a waveguide. Fibers that support many propagation paths
or transverse modes are called multi-mode fibers, while those that support a single mode are
called single-mode fibers (SMF). Multi-mode fibers generally have a wider core diameter and are
used for short-distance communication links and for applications where high power must be
transmitted. Single-mode fibers are used for most communication links longer than 1,000 meters
(3,300 ft).
Critical angle:- Critical angle is the angle of incidence in denser medium for which the angle of
refraction in the rarer medium = 90o.
Total Internal Reflection:- When the angle of incidence becomes greater, then the angle of critical,
then the incident ray is refracted in the same medium. It is called internal reflection.

Snell’s Law

Edited By. Zaheer Abbas Baloch – Director The Scholars Science College , The Scholars Academy, WahCantt.
PEARL OF PHYSICS OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS CHAPTER- 10

Types of optical fiber

Spectrometer:- It is an optical device used to study spectrums of different sources of light .

Components:- It consists of following components:-
• Collimator
• Turn table
• Telescope

Speed of Light:- It was measured by Michelson’’ experiment. It was determine by measuring the
time it took to cover a round trip b/w mountain.
t = 1/2πf × 2π/8 = 1/8f
c = 16fd = 299792458 ms-1
Index of Refraction:-Index of refraction is the ratio of speed of light in vacuum to the speed of light
𝑐
in material n=𝑣

Edited By. Zaheer Abbas Baloch – Director The Scholars Science College , The Scholars Academy, WahCantt.
PEARL OF PHYSICS OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS CHAPTER- 10

Types of telescopes

Galilean telescope

Edited By. Zaheer Abbas Baloch – Director The Scholars Science College , The Scholars Academy, WahCantt.
PEARL OF PHYSICS OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS CHAPTER- 10
sprinkling fluorescent powder on it and
observing it under?
GENERAL INFORMATION
a. Sun light b. Sodium light
c. infra red d. UV
1. Yellow light of a single wavelength
9. Just before setting, the sun may appear
can’t be.
to be elliptical this happens due to
a. reflected b. refracted
a. diffraction b. Reflection
c. dispersed d. focused
c. dispersion d. Réfraction
2. A person on Earth may see the Sun
10. The human eye is most sensitive for the
even when it is somewhat below the
wave length
horizon primarily because the
a. 4500 Å b. 8000Å
atmosphere.
c. 5500 Å d. 6500 Å
a. annuls light b. reflects light
11. Mirage is observed in a desert due to
c. absorbs light d. refracts light
the phenomenon of
3. The far point of human eye is .
a. interference b. total reflection
a. 25 cm b. 0 cm
c. scattering d. double refraction
c. 15 cm d. infinity
4. The location of near point changes with:
a. place b. time
c. Age d. None
5. A driver in a lake wants to signal his
12. How many images of himself, does an
distress to a person sitting on the edge
observer see if two adjacent walls of a
of the lake flashing his water proof
rectangular room are mirrors?
torch. He should direct the beam:
a. 9 b. 7
a. Vertically
c. 5 d. 3
b. horizontally
13. A person is 6 feet high, how total must
c. At angle to the vertical which is
a plane be if he is able to see his entire
slightly less than the critical angle
length?
d. At angle to the vertical which is
a. 6ft b. 4.5ft
slightly less than the critical angle
c. 7.5ft d. 3ft
Magnification and Resolution
14. The focal length of lens does not
depend on
6. The angle of deviation is least for
a. Absolute refractive index of the
_____ light
medium from which the light is incident
a. blue b. yellow
b. radii of curvature of its surfaces
c. violet d. red
c. absolute refractive index of its
7. The apparent size of an object depends
material
on its actual size and on:
d. Direction from which light is incident
a. Near point
15. A symmetrical double convex lens is cut
b. Angle subtended at the eye
in two equal parts by a plane
c. Focal length of mirror
containing the Principle axes. If the
d. Dispersion
8. Finger prints on paper are identifies by
Edited By. Zaheer Abbas Baloch – Director The Scholars Science College , The Scholars Academy, WahCantt.
PEARL OF PHYSICS OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS CHAPTER- 10
power of the original lens was 4D c. 2f d. 3f
2
power of a divided lens will be
22. A point source of light is placed at a
a. 3D b. 5D
distance of 2f from a converging lens
c. 4D d. 2D
of focal length f. The intensity on the
16. The ratio of angles subtended by the
other side of the lens is maximum at
image as seen through the optical
a distance
device to that subtended by the object
a. between f and 2f b. 2f
at the unaided eye is called:
c. more than 2f d. f
a. Dispersion
23. A double convex lens has two
b. Angular magnification
surfaces of equal radii R and
c. Reduction factor
refractive index n = 1.5. The focal
d. Resolving power
length of the lens is
17. The ______ of an instrument is its
a. 2R b. R
ability to reveal the minor details of the
c. -R d. R/2
object under examination.
24. A convex lens of focal length 10cm is
a. Angular magnification
placed in contact with a concave lens of
b. Magnifying power
focal length 20cm. What is the nature
c. Reduction factor
and focal length of the combination?
d. Resolving power
a. convex,20cm
18. Resolving power  min for light of
b. convex, 10cm
wavelength λ through a lens of diameter
c. concave 20cm
D is  min = ___________
d. concave,10cm
a. 1.22 λ/D b. 2.11 λ/D
25. The power of a lens is 4 dioptre. Its
c. 1.22D/ λ d. 2.11D/ λ
focal length is:
19. If N is the number of rulings on
a. 20 cm b. 25 cm
diffraction grating, the resolving power
c. 60 cm d. 400 cm
R in the mth order is R = ____
26. Convex lens of power 4D and a -15 cm
a. N x m b. ½ N x m
are put in contact to from an
c. 2N x m d. 2N / m
achromatic combination. The ratio of
Power Of Lens and
their dispersive powers is
Combination of Lenses
20. The power of a converging lens is 2 a. 3/4D b. 7D
dioptre. Its focal length will be: c. -5/3D d. 1D
a. 2m b. 2 cm 27. Two convex lenses of equal focal length
c. 5 m d. 0.5 m “f” are placed in contact, the resultant
21. The figure shows a biconvex lens of focal length of the combination is:
focal length “ f ” . If the lens is cut along a. zero b. f
PQ, the focal length of each half will be: c. 2f d. f/2
28. A convex lens of focal length “f1” and a
concave lens of focal length “f2” are
placed in contact, then focal length of
the combination is:
a. f b. f a. f2 – f1 b. f1 – f2
2
Edited By. Zaheer Abbas Baloch – Director The Scholars Science College , The Scholars Academy, WahCantt.
PEARL OF PHYSICS OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS CHAPTER- 10
c. f1 f 2 d. f1 f 2
f 2 + f1 f 2 − f1
29. Two thin lenses of power 2D and 3D
are placed in contact. An object is
placed at a distance of 30 cm from the 35. Fig. shows three arrangement of
combination. The distance in cm of the lenses. The radii of curvature of all the
image of the combination is: curved surfaces are same.
a. 30 b. 40 The ratio of the equivalent focal length
c. 60 d. 15 of combination P, Q and R is
30. Two lens of powers +12D and -2D are in
contact. The focal length of the
combination is:
a. 10cm b. 12.5cm
c. 16.6cm d. 8.22cm a. 2 : 1 : 2 b. 1 : 1 : 1
31. If a convex lens of focal length “ f” is c. 1 : 1 : -1 d. 2 : 1 : 1
cut into two halves identical along the 36. Which of the following is not the case
lens diameter, the focal length of each with image formed by a plane mirror?
half is: a. it is virtual
a. f b. f/2 b. it is at the same distance as the
c. 2f d. 3f/2 object
32. A convex lens and concave lens of focal c. it is erect
length “ f ” each are in contact, then d. it is diminished
length of the combination will be: 37. The image of an object formed by a
a. 0 b. 2f device is always virtual and small. The
c. f/2 d. infinite device may be
33. A convex lens of power +6 dioptre is a. convex lens b. concave lens
place in contact with a concave lens of c. glass plate d. concave lens
power -4 dioptre. What will be the 38. Check the wrong statement(s).
nature and focal length of this a. a concave mirror can give a virtual
combination? image
a. concave, 25cm b. a concave mirror can give a
b. convex, 50cm diminished virtual image
c. concave, 20 cm c. a convex mirror can give a real image
d. convex, 100cm d. a convex mirror can give a
Nature of Images and Refractive Index diminished virtual image
34. If we plot a graph between distance of
object and that of image formed by a
convex lens. What is the nature of the 39. The image formed by convex mirror of
graph? focal length 30 cm is quarter of the size
a. parabola b. ellipse of the object, then the distance of the
c. hyperbola d. straight line object from the mirror is
a. 90cm b. 120cm
c. 60cm d. 30cm

Edited By. Zaheer Abbas Baloch – Director The Scholars Science College , The Scholars Academy, WahCantt.
PEARL OF PHYSICS OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS CHAPTER- 10
40. Which of the following is not the case c. concave mirror
with the image formed by a convex d. piano convex lens
mirror? 45. The image formed by a convex lens of
a. it lies beyond the focus focal length 10cm is twice the size of
b. it is erect the object. Which of the following is
c. it is virtual correct for position of the object?
d. it is diminished a. 20cm b. 30 cm
41. A lens when placed on a c. 50cm d. 15cm
plan mirror then object 46. A man runs towards the plan mirror
needle and its image at 2 ms-1 the relative speed of his
coincide at 20cm. The image with respect to him will be
focal length of the lens is. a. 10 ms-1 b. 2 ms-1
c. 4 ms-1 d. 8 ms-1
47. Can you form a real image with a plane
mirror?
a. No, never
b. Plane mirror forms real images as
these can be photographed.
c. If the incident rays are divergent
a. 10cm b. 30cm d. If the incident rays are convergent
c. 20cm d. 
42. If shaded part of the lens is covered 48. Two plane mirrors are placed
with black paper then for an object in perpendicular to each other. A ray strikes
front of lens one mirror and after reflection falls on the
second mirror the ray after reflection
from the second mirror will be:
a. Perpendicular to the original ray
b. parallel to the original ray
a. image will be fractured c. At 45o to the original ray
b. image will be complete but faint d. can be at any angle to the original
c. Image will not be formed ray.
d. Complete image with full intensity 49. For which of the following dispersive
is formed. power is zero?
43. The image of the object placed far a. slab b. prism
away from a converging lens is found c. lens d. none of these
behind the lens 50. If q>p and p>f then the lens would be
a. between f and 2f a. convex
b. at the focus b. concave
c. between the lens and focus c. may be a or b
d. at 2f d. none of these
44.Air bubble inside water may appear 51. An object is placed between two
like parallel mirrors. The number of images
a. Convex lens formed is:
b. concave lens a. 2 b. 4
Edited By. Zaheer Abbas Baloch – Director The Scholars Science College , The Scholars Academy, WahCantt.
PEARL OF PHYSICS OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS CHAPTER- 10
c. 8 d. infinite c. Virtual and magnified
d. Real and diminished
57. In which case the image formed by a
52. A ray of light travels from air to glass as concave lens is real?
shown in the figure. The speed of light a. 0  p  f b. 0  p  2 f
in air is 3.0 x108 ms1. What is the speed c. f  p  2 f d. none of the above
of light in the glass? 58. One ray of light suffers minimum
deviation in an equilateral prism P
additional prism Q and R of identical
shape and made up of same material
shown in figure. The ray will now
a. 2.00 x 10-6 ms-1 suffer ________ .
b. 2.12 x 10-8 ms-1
c. 2.12 x 108 ms-1
d. 3.25 x 108 ms-1
53. The speed at which light enters into a
materials depends upon:
a. Frequency
a. greater deviation
b. refractive index
b. same deviation as before
c. Wavelength
c. total internal reflection
d. velocity
d. no deviation
54. A biconvex lens is cut into two halves
by a horizontal plane and slight
distanced and an object is placed in
Compound Microscope
59. Magnification of compound microscope
front of it as shown the number of
is given by the relation
images formed is
d
a. 1+
fe
d q
b. ( + 1 ) ( 0 -1)
fe f0
a. 1 b. 2 qo d
c. 3 d. none c. (1+ )
po fo
d d
55. If an object is placed between f and 2f d. (1+ )
Po fe
of a convex lens. Ten the image will be:
a. virtual, erect and diminished e) None of above
b. virtual erect and magnified 60. A compound has a magnification of 30.
c. Real, inverted and magnified The focal length of the eyepiece is 5
d. real, erect and magnified cm. If the final image formed at the
least distance of distinct vision (25 cm),
Simple Microscope
the magnification produced by the
56. The final image formed by microscope
objective is:
is
a. 5 b. 7.5
a. Virtual and diminished
c. 10 d. 12
b. Real and magnified
Edited By. Zaheer Abbas Baloch – Director The Scholars Science College , The Scholars Academy, WahCantt.
PEARL OF PHYSICS OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS CHAPTER- 10
Telescope
61. If f 0 andf e be the focal lengths of the
objective and eye piece in
astronomical telescope, the length of
the tube is
a. f 0 − f e b. f 0 f e 67. A fly is sitting on the objective of a
telescope pointed towards the moon.
c. f 0 f e / f 0 + f e d. f 0 + f e
What effect is expected on the
62. If f0 and fe be focal lengths of objective photography of the moon taken
and eye-piece of an astronomical through the telescope?
telescope. Then, its magnification ‘M’ is a. The entire field of view blocked
equal to: b. There is an image of the fly on the
a. fe/f0 b. 1+fe/f0 photography
c. 1+f0/fe d. f0/fe c. There is no effect at all
d. There is a reduction in the intensity
of the image
68. To increase the magnifications of a
telescope:
63. A good telescope has a. the objective les should be of short
a. Objective of long focal length and focal length
large aperture b. The objective and eyepiece both
b. Objective of short focal length long should be of large focal lengths
aperture c. Both the objective and eyepiece
c. Objective of long focal length and should be of smaller lengths
short aperture d. The objective should be small focal
Objective of short focal length and length and eyepiece should be of
aperture large focal length.
64. For normal adjustment, length of 69. An astronomical telescope has an
astronomical telescope is: angular magnification of magnitude 5
a. f0 + fe b. f0 - fe for distant objects. The separation
c. f 0 d. f e between the objective and the
fe fo
eyepiece is 36 cm and the final image
65. The final image seen through the eye-
formed at infinity. The focal length fo of
piece, in astronomical telescope, is:
the objective and fe of the eye piece
a. virtual, enlarge and erect
are:
b. real, diminished and inverted
a. fo = 45 cm and fe = -9 cm
c. virtual, inverted and magnified
b. fo = 50 cm and fe = 10 cm
d. virtual, erect and diminished
c. fo = 6 cm and fe = 30 cm
66. The image of distant object as seen
d. fo = 30 cm and fe = 6 cm
through an astronomical telescope is:
70. The magnifying power of a telescope
a. Real and inverted
(Astronomical) is 8 and the distance
b. virtual and inverted
between two lenses in 54cm. the focal
c. Real and erect
length of objective and eyepiece are
d. virtual and erect
respectively.
Edited By. Zaheer Abbas Baloch – Director The Scholars Science College , The Scholars Academy, WahCantt.
PEARL OF PHYSICS OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS CHAPTER- 10
a. 6,48 b. 48, 6 d. none of these
c. 8, 64 d. 64,8 78. Which part of the spectrum is most
Spectrometer visible?
71. In spectrometer, the function of a. red b. violet
collimator is to produce: c. yellow d. yellow and green
a. diverging beam of light 79. Scientist who used eight sided mirror to
b. converging beam of light find speed of light was
c. parallel beam of light a. Galileo
d. none of these b. Michelson
72. A _____ is an optical device to study c. Copernicus
spectra from different sources of light d. Maxwell
a. Convex lens 80. The relation between n1 and n2 , if the
b. Compound microscope behavior of light ray is as shown in the
c. Spectrometer figure is
d. Telescope
73. Lens used in collimator is
a. Concave b. Plano convex
c. Plano concave d. double
convex a. n1  n2 b. n1  n2
Nature and Speed of light c. n2  n1 d. n1  n2
74. The value of 1 is 81. A light wave enters from air into a
 o o
medium of refractive index 1.5. the
a. 332ms-1 b. 3 x 106ms-1 speed of light in the medium will be
c. 3 x 108ms-1 d. 3 x 104ms-1 a. 2 x 108 m/s
b. 4.5 x 108 m/s
c. 3 x 108 m/s
75. Speed of light in a material depends d. (330/1.5) m/s
upon. 82. The speed of light in medium A is 2.0 x
a. Density of material 108 m/s and that in medium B is 2.4 x
b. Surface tension 108 m/s. the critical angle of incidence
c. Viscosity for light tending to go from medium B
d. Index of refraction is
76. A mirror is rotated through angle θ 5 5
about an axis passing through the point a. sin −1   b. sin −1  
 12  6
of incidence and in the plane of the
2 3
mirror. The reflected ray will be rotated c. sin −1   d. sin −1  
3 4
through
83. The speed of light in vacuum is 3 x 108
a. 2θ b. θ
ms-1. Its speed in a medium of
c. 4θ d. θ/2
refractive index 1.5 will be:
77. To the fish, a man standing on the
a. 6.5 x 108 b. 2 x 108
bank of the river appears.
c. 4.5 x 108 cm d. 5.5 x 108
a. a dwarf
b. a giant
c. with original height
Edited By. Zaheer Abbas Baloch – Director The Scholars Science College , The Scholars Academy, WahCantt.
PEARL OF PHYSICS OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS CHAPTER- 10
refractive index  of the medium must
84. A ray light passes through four satisfy the inequality
transparent media with refractive 1 1
a.  b. 
indices n1, n2, n3, n4 as shown in sin i sin i
figure. The surfaces of all media are c. sin i   d. sin i  
parallel, if the emergent ray DE 89. Glass has refractive index 3/2 and
is parallel of the incident ray AB we water has refractive index 4/3. If the
must have __________ . seed of light in glass is 2.00 x 108 ms-1,
the speed of light in water in, ms-1 is:
a. 2.25 x 108
b. 1.78 x 108
c. 1.50 x 108
d. 2.67 x 108
90. The absolute refractive index of any
n1 n2 n3 n4 medium is always
a. n1 = n2 b. n3 = n4 a. zero b. = 1
c. n1 = n4 d. n2 = n3 c. > 1 d. < 1
85. What is the time taken by light to travel 91. The critical angle for a ray of light
4 mm in a material of refractive index 3 suffering total internal reflection will
a. 4 x 10-11sec be smallest for the ray traveling from
b. 2x10-11sec a. water to glass
c. 16 x 10-11 sec b. water to air
d. 8 x 10-10 sec c. glass to air
Fiber Optics and Total Internal d. glass to water
Reflection 92. The wave length of light diminishes 
86. The optical fiber in which central core time ( = 1.33 for water) in a medium.
has high refractive index and over it a A diver from inside water looks at an
layer of lower refractive index called: object whose natural colour is green.
a. single mode step index fiber He sees the object as
b. Multimode step index fiber a. red b. blue
c. Multimode graded index fiber c. green d. yellow
d. none of these
87. Critical angle of light passing from glass
to water is minimum for
a. red colour b. green colour
c. yellow colour d. violet colour 93. When a ray of light enters a glass slab
from air
a. its wave length decreases
b. remains unchanged
c. its frequency increases
88. For total internal reflection to take d. its wave length increases
place, the angle of incidence i and the 94. On reflection from a rater medium, a
light wave suffers a phase difference of

Edited By. Zaheer Abbas Baloch – Director The Scholars Science College , The Scholars Academy, WahCantt.
PEARL OF PHYSICS OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS CHAPTER- 10
a. π b. π/2 b. scattering of light
c. π/4 d. none c. diffraction of light
95. On reflection from a denser medium, d. dispersion of light
the path difference introduced is 102. Multimode step index fiber has a core
a. λ b. 2 λ of approx. diameter;
c. λ/2 d. zero a. 50 µm b. 5x10-5 m
96. Shining of an air bubble inside water is c. 5x107 pm d. all of the above
due to 103. Refractive index of core and cladding
a. Deviation for multimode step index fiber is
b. interference a. 1.48, 1.52
c. Total internal reflection b. 1.52, 1.48
d. Diffraction c. 1.33, 1.52
97. A ray of light is incident on a glass-air d. 1.52, 1.33
boundary for which the critical angle is
c. Which diagram, correctly shows the 104. In single mode step index fiber which
paths of the rays light is used for communications
a. White light
b. Laser light of any color
c. monochromatic
d. IR light
105. In optical fiber transmission system
______ are used to regenerate the dim
light signal.
a. diode b. repeaters
c. laser d. transformer
98. When light passes from one medium to 106. Light signal passes through multimode
another, it is bent to or away from the graded index fiber due to:
normal. This phenomenon is known as: a. continuous refraction
a. Diffraction b. Dispersion b. total internal refraction
c. Refraction d. Polarization c. both continuous refraction and total
99. For glass to air boundary, the value of internal reflection
critical angle θc is : d. dispersion
a. 41.5o b. 41o 107. Errors in the transmission of power i.e.,
c. 41.8o d. 41.2o power loss through optical fiber can be
100.Critical angle of light passing from glass minimized by using a:
to air is minimum for a. multimode step index fiber
a. yellow b. red b. graded index fiber
c. green d. blue c. Single mode step index fiber
101. It is said that the sun becomes visible d. Copper wire
before the actual rise and remains 108. Dispersion effect may produce power
visible even after actual setting. This losses in light signals. This type of error
makes the day a bit longer. It happens is minimum in ______.
due to a. single mode step index
a. refraction of light b. multimode step index
Edited By. Zaheer Abbas Baloch – Director The Scholars Science College , The Scholars Academy, WahCantt.
PEARL OF PHYSICS OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS CHAPTER- 10
c. multimode graded index
d. mono mode step index

Defects of the Lenses

109. Chromatic abbreviation in a lens is
caused by:
a. reflection
b. interference
c. diffraction
d. dispersion
110. Spherical aberration in a thin lens can
be reduced by
a. using a monochromic light
b. using a doublet combination
c. using a circular annular mask
over the lens
d. increasing the size of the lens

Edited By. Zaheer Abbas Baloch – Director The Scholars Science College , The Scholars Academy, WahCantt.
PEARL OF PHYSICS OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS CHAPTER- 10
ANSWER SHEET
Q Ans. Q Ans. Q Ans. Q Ans. Q Ans.
1 c 26 c 51 d 76 a 101 a
2 d 27 d 52 c 77 a 102 d
3 a 28 d 53 b 78 d 103 b
4 c 29 c 54 b 79 b 104 b,c
5 c 30 a 55 c 80 c 105 b
6 d 31 c 56 c 81 a 106 c
7 b 32 d 57 d 82 b 107 b
8 d 33 b 58 b 83 b 108 c
9 d 34 a 59 b 84 c 109 d
10 c 35 c 60 a 85 a 110 c
11 d 36 d 61 d 86 b 111
12 d 37 b 62 d 87 d 112
13 d 38 c 63 a 88 a
14 d 39 a 64 a 89 a
15 d 40 a 65 c 90 c
16 b 41 c 66 b 91 c
17 d 42 b 67 d 92 b
18 a 43 b 68 a 93 a
19 a 44 b 69 d 94 d
20 d 45 d 70 b 95 c
21 c 46 c 71 c 96 c
22 b 47 a 72 c 97 a
23 b 48 b 73 d 98 c
24 a 49 a 74 c 99 c
25 b 50 a 75 a 100 d

Edited By. Zaheer Abbas Baloch – Director The Scholars Science College , The Scholars Academy, WahCantt.