Science 10 III.

speed at which the magnet moves

- Cases in which an electric field is present:
*Electromagnetic Spectrum  A spark jumping between two nearby rods.
- radio wave and visible light, do not have enough energies to - electrical energy into mechanical energy is the transformation
damage the body cells. that can take place in a ceiling fan’s electric motor.
*MIRROR
- Uses of Visible Light:
REFLECTION
 it enables us to see things • bouncing of light rays when it hits a surface
 gives light to the screen of our devices • incoming light wave is referred to as an incident ray
 used in optical fibers • the wave that is bounced away from the surface is
-Wavelength and frequency are inversely related while frequency termed the reflected ray
and energy are directly related. (As the wavelength of a wave • Normal line is the imaginary line perpendicular to
decreases, the frequency increases.) This statement shows this the surface of the mirror
kind of relationship.
- Microwave, the part of electromagnetic radiation that it primarily LAWS OF REFLECTION OF LIGHT
uses to transmit signals. mobile phones emit microwave ✔ The incident ray, the reflected ray and the normal at
- Gamma rays, is an EM wave that is very dangerous, but have the point of incidence, all lie in the same plane
been used to kill cancer cells. ✔ The angle of reflection (r) is equal to the angle of
- Correct order of EM wave lowest to highest energy: incidence (i)
 Microwave,
 Visible Light, TYPES OF REFLECTION
 Gamma-rays • If the surface is smooth, then all incident rays coming
- In increasing frequency, it is arranged as R-MI-VUX-G from the same direction will also reflect in the same
direction. This is called specular reflection.
R – radio waves • If the surface is rough, then the rays will reflect in
M – Microwaves different directions, this is called diffuse reflection.
I – Infrared - the distance of your image from you if you stand 1.5m in front of
V – Visible Light a plane mirror is 3.0 m.
U – Ultraviolet -Convex Mirror, makes objects appear smaller, but the area of
X – X-rays view is larger
G –Gamma rays - A convex mirror will make an image appear smaller and upright
if the object is placed between the focal point and the
mirror.
- You see your face clearly if you look down on a pool of still water
the best explanation for this observation is Regular reflection of
light happens on the surface of still water.
-Ray Diagramming using a corrective lens for a farsighted eye:

- Infrared, is the type of electromagnetic wave that is used in

night-vision goggles.
- EM waves: -Concave and Convex Mirrors

 Microwaves are used in Radar system -

 Radio waves are used in television broadcast.
 Ultraviolet rays help to identify original from fake
banknotes
- radio wave, has the longest wavelength
- In an infrared camera, YELLOW color indicates warmer - The typical
temperature. mirror you look in at home or in a restroom is a PLANE mirror.
- Benefits of Ultraviolet Rays:
 Production of Vitamin D in our skin
 Sterilization of medical instruments
 Identifying original from fake banknotes
- GAMMA RAYS, is most penetrating through all forms of matter.
- infrared radiation can be used to take special pictures called
thermographs. "Graph" means "image." while “thermo"
means heat.
- high-frequency gamma rays more dangerous to humans than
visible light because Gamma rays have greater energy LENSES
than visible light for penetrating matter. • Refraction- bending of light due to the change in its
- Ultraviolet, EM waves that can cause sunburns speed as it passes into different media
*Ultraviolet causes the fluorescent chemicals to glow in TYPE OF LENSES
sunlight
-The property that spells the difference between infrared and
ultraviolet radiation is their WAVELENGTH.
- radio waves and gamma rays lie at the beginning and end of the
electromagnetic spectrum
- Visible light is divided into ROYGBIV colors.
Among the rainbow’s colors, VIOLET has the shortest wavelength
Among the rainbow’s colors, VIOLET has the highest frequency
Arrange the rainbow colors in increasing frequency. ROY G BIV - Microscope, uses 2 convex lenses to magnify an object and
(lowest to highest) make a smaller object larger
Arrange the rainbow colors in increasing wavelength. VIB G YOR -A convex lens will make an image appear upright and enlarged if
(shortest to longest) the object is placed between the focal point and the lens (vertex).
*MAGNETIC FIELD
- The magnetic field is strongest inside the current-carrying coil.
- A metallic detector was used to check a bag for metallic objects.
The transmitter coil draws a steady current to send a changing
magnetic field towards the target to induce current in it.
- Sound waves require a medium, whereas heat waves, an
infrared radiation, do not.
- A coil moves away from a magnet. The following factors will
strengthen the electric motor
I. strength of the magnet
II. number of turns in the coil