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I‭B Diploma‬
‭Chemistry SL‬
‭May/Nov 2024‬
‭Paper 2‬
‭Name:‬‭.........................................‬
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Chemistry
Standard level
Paper 1
8 May 2024
Zone A afternoon Zone B afternoon Zone C afternoon
45 minutes
Instructions to candidates
y Do not open this examination paper until instructed to do so.
y Answer all the questions.
y For each question, choose the answer you consider to be the best and indicate your choice on
the answer sheet provided.
y The periodic table is provided for reference on page 2 of this examination paper.
y The maximum mark for this examination paper is [30 marks].
2224 – 6204
11 pages © International Baccalaureate Organization 2024
The Periodic Table
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 2
1 H He
1.01 4.00
3 4 Atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 Li Be Element B C N O F Ne
6.94 9.01 Relative atomic mass 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
3 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.99 24.31 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.07 35.45 39.95
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.10 40.08 44.96 47.87 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.69 63.55 65.38 69.72 72.63 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.90
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
–2–
5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.96 (98) 101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 118.71 121.76 127.60 126.90 131.29
55 56 57 † 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
6 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.91 137.33 138.91 178.49 180.95 183.84 186.21 190.23 192.22 195.08 196.97 200.59 204.38 207.2 208.98 (209) (210) (222)
87 88 89 ‡ 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
7 Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Unt Uug Uup Uuh Uus Uuo
(223) (226) (227) (267) (268) (269) (270) (269) (278) (281) (281) (285) (286) (289) (288) (293) (294) (294)
† 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
140.12 140.91 144.24 (145) 150.36 151.96 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.05 174.97
‡ 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
232.04 231.04 238.03 (237) (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (262)
2224 – 6204
–3– 2224 – 6204
1. Which descriptions of a chemical compound are correct?
I. Contains atoms of more than one element.

II. Atoms retain their individual properties.
III. Atoms are in fixed ratios.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
2. What is the molecular formula of the compound with empirical formula CH2 and the following mass
spectrum?
Mass Spectrum
120
42
100
Relative intensity
80
55
60
41 70
40
39
29
20 27
38 40 43 50 53
28 30 31 61
1415 2526 37 44 49 5152 54
56 60 62 63 65 66676869 71
0
10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75
m/z
[Source: Used with permission. © United States of America as represented by the Secretary of Commerce.]
A. C 2H 4
B. C 3H 6
C. C 4H 8
D. C5H10
Turn over
–4– 2224 – 6204
3. What is the sum of the coefficients when the equation is balanced with the smallest whole
numbers?
__Al(OH)3 (s) + __H2SO4 (aq)  __H2O (l) + __Al2(SO4)3 (aq)
A. 8
B. 9
C. 11
D. 12
4. Which species are present after 15 dm3 of buta-1,3-diene has reacted with 18 dm3 of hydrogen to
produce butane?
CH2CHCHCH2 (g) + 2H2 (g)  CH3CH2CH2CH3 (g)
A. 9 dm3 of butane and 6 dm3 of hydrogen
B. 9 dm3 of butane and 6 dm3 of buta-1,3-diene
C. 15 dm3 of butane and 3 dm3 of hydrogen
D. 18 dm3 of butane and 3 dm3 of buta-1,3-diene
2-
5. What is the correct number of subatomic particles for 79
34Se ?
Protons Electrons Neutrons
A. 34 36 79
B. 34 36 45
C. 36 45 36
D. 79 81 34
–5– 2224 – 6204
6. Which electron transition corresponds to the red line in the hydrogen line emission spectrum?
diagram not to scale
n7
n4
B
n3
A C
n2
n1
7. Which element is an actinoid?
A. Rf
B. Ra
C. Pr
D. Pa
8. Which oxide produces an aqueous solution with the highest pH?
A. Na2O
B. P4O10
C. NO2
D. CO2
Turn over
–6– 2224 – 6204
9. What is the correct formula for ammonium phosphate?
A. NH4PO4
B. (NH4)2PO4
C. (NH4)3PO4
D. (NH3)3PO4
10. Which bond is the most polar?
A. C–H
B. N–H
C. O–H
D. F–H
11. Which species have resonance structures?
I. CH2CHCH3
II. O3
III. NO3-
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
12. Which combination best describes NO2-?
Number of electron
Molecular geometry Bond angle
domains around N
A. 2 linear 180°
B. 3 bent 105°
C. 3 bent 117°
D. 4 trigonal planar 120°

–7– 2224 – 6204
13. How much heat energy, in J, does a 2.00 g block of copper metal at 65.0 °C lose when it is dropped
into 100.0 cm3 of water and cools to 15.0 °C?
The specific heat capacity of copper is 0.385 J g−1 K−1 and the specific heat capacity of water is
4.18 J g−1 K−1.
A. 2.00 × 0.385 × (65.0 - 15.0)
B. 2.00 × 0.385 × (65.0 - 15.0 + 273)
C. 100.0 × 4.18 × (65.0 - 15.0)
D. 100.0 × 4.18 × (65.0 - 15.0 + 273)
14. What is the enthalpy change of reaction, ΔH Ö in kJ mol−1, for the hydrogenation of propyne to
propene?
C3H4 (g) + H2 (g)  C3H6 (g) ΔH Ö = ?
C3H4 (g) + 2H2 (g)  C3H8 (g) ΔH Ö = -290 kJ mol−1
C3H6 (g) + H2 (g)  C3H8 (g) ΔH Ö = -125 kJ mol−1
A. (-290) + (-125)
B. (-290) - (-125)
C. -(-290) + (-125)
D. -(-290) - (-125)
15. What is the correct formula for calculating enthalpy change of reaction, ΔH Ö reaction?
A. ΔH Ö reaction = ΣΔH Öf reactants - ΣΔH Öf products
B. ΔH Ö reaction = ΣΔH Öc products - ΣΔH Öc reactants
C. ΔH Ö reaction = ΣΔH Öbonds reactants - ΣΔH Öbonds products
D. ΔH Ö reaction = ΣΔH Öbonds products - ΣΔH Öbonds reactants
Turn over
–8– 2224 – 6204
16. Which change would decrease the rate of reaction between magnesium ribbon and hydrochloric
acid?
A. increasing the length of the magnesium ribbon
B. increasing the temperature of the acid
C. cutting the magnesium ribbon into smaller pieces
D. adding water to the hydrochloric acid
17. Which methods could be used to determine the rate of this reaction?
C4H9Br (l) + H2O (l)  C4H9OH (aq) + H+ (aq) + Br− (aq)
I. change in pH
II. change in electrical conductivity
III. change in mass
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
18. The equilibrium constant for N2O4 (g)  2NO2 (g) is Kc = 0.0059 at 298 K.
What is the value of the equilibrium constant at 298 K for 4NO2 (g)  2N2O4 (g)?
1
A.
0.0059
1
B.
0.00592
C. 0.0059
D. 0.00592
–9– 2224 – 6204
19. Which products form in the reaction between sulfuric acid and sodium hydrogencarbonate?
A. NaSO4 + CO2
B. Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2
C. Na2SO4 + CO2
D. NaSO4 + H2O + CO2
20. What is the pH change when 0.100 mol dm−3 HCl (aq) is diluted to 0.00100 mol dm−3 ?
A. increases by 2
B. increases by 1
C. decreases by 1
D. decreases by 2
21. The following equations represent reactions that occur spontaneously.
Fe(NO3)2 (aq) + Zn (s)  Zn(NO3)2 (aq) + Fe (s)
Ni(NO3)2 (aq) + Fe (s)  Fe(NO3)2 (aq) + Ni (s)
Sn(NO3)2 (aq) + Ni (s)  Ni(NO3)2 (aq) + Sn (s)
What is the increasing order of activity of the metals?
A. Zn < Fe < Ni < Sn
B. Sn < Fe < Ni < Zn
C. Sn < Ni < Fe < Zn
D. Ni < Sn < Zn < Fe
22. Which statement is correct for a voltaic cell?
A. Reduction occurs at the negative electrode.
B. Electrical energy is converted to chemical energy.
C. The anode is the positive electrode.
D. Reduction occurs at the cathode.
Turn over
– 10 – 2224 – 6204
23. What are the products of the electrolysis of molten magnesium chloride, MgCl2 (l)?
A. Mg2+ (l) + 2Cl− (l)
B. Mg2+ (l) + Cl2 (g)
C. Mg (l) + Cl2 (g)
D. Mg (l) + 2Cl− (l)
24. Which compounds belong to the same homologous series?
A. CH3CH3, CH3CH2CH3, CH3CHCHCH3
B. CH3CHCH2, CH3CH2CHCH2, CH2CHCH(CH3)2
C. CH3OH, HCHO, HCOOH
D. CH3CH2CHO, (CH3)2CO, CH3CHO
25. What is the name of this compound?
CH3CHCH2Cl
CH2CH2CH3
A. 1-chloro-2-propylpropane
B. 1-chloro-2-methylpentane
C. 2-propyl-3-chloropropane
D. 1-chlorohexane
26. What is the organic product when (CH3)2CH(OH) and acidified potassium manganate (VII),
H+/KMnO4 (aq), are heated together?
A. CH3CH2COOH
B. (CH3)2CO
C. (CH3)2CH(OH)
D. CH3CH2CHO
– 11 – 2224 – 6204
27. Which products may be formed during incomplete combustion of octane?
A. CO2 and H2
B. CO and H2
C. CO and H2O
D. C, CO and H2
28. 50.0 cm3 samples of water measured using a graduated cylinder were found to weigh 48.88, 48.89
and 48.86 grams. Water has a density of 1.00 g cm−3.
What is the best description of the measurements?
A. accurate and precise
B. accurate but not precise
C. precise but not accurate
D. neither accurate nor precise
29. A 50.0 cm3 sample of sodium hydroxide solution, NaOH (aq), weighed 53.894 g at 25 °C. What is
the density of the solution in g cm−3?
A. 1.08
B. 1.078
C. 1.0779
D. 1.07788
30. Which region of the electromagnetic spectrum is used in 1H NMR spectroscopy?
A. X-ray
B. ultraviolet
C. infrared
D. radio waves

Disclaimer:
Content used in IB assessments is taken from authentic, third-party sources. The views expressed within them belong to their
individual authors and/or publishers and do not necessarily reflect the views of the IB.
References:
2. Used with permission. © United States of America as represented by the Secretary of Commerce.
All other texts, graphics and illustrations © International Baccalaureate Organization 2024
criminal offense.
license/.
Chemistry
Standard level
Paper 2
9 May 2024
Zone A morning Zone B morning Zone C morning

Candidate session number
1 hour 15 minutes
y Write your session number in the boxes above.
y Answer all questions.
y Answers must be written within the answer boxes provided.
y A calculator is required for this paper.
y A clean copy of the chemistry data booklet is required for this paper.
2224 – 6211
16EP01
–2– 2224 – 6211
Answer all questions. Answers must be written within the answer boxes provided.
1. An organic compound, A, has the following composition by mass when its only combustion
products, carbon dioxide and water, are analysed.
C/% H/%
71.93 12.10
(a) Outline why this compound is not a hydrocarbon. [1]
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(b) Determine the empirical formula of A.[2]
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(c) A sample of the vapour of A at 200.0 °C and 1.00 × 105 Pa has a density of 2.544 × 103 g m-3.
Determine the molar mass and the molecular formula of A.[2]
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(This question continues on the following page)
16EP02
–3– 2224 – 6211
(Question 1 continued)
(d) The infrared (IR) spectrum of A is shown below.
100
80
Transmittance / %
60
40
20
B
0
4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 1500 1000 500
Wavenumber / cm–1
Identify the bond responsible for the absorption labelled B in the IR spectrum. Use
section 26 of the data booklet. [1]
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(e) A can be converted to compound E, which has a higher molecular mass, by heating it
under reﬂux with acidified potassium dichromate(VI), K2Cr2O7.
Identify one functional group present in E, based on this information only. [1]
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16EP03
–4– 2224 – 6211
2. In the stratosphere, ozone is decomposed by ultraviolet radiation.
O3 (g) → O2 (g) + O (g)
(a) State the full electron configuration of an oxygen atom and the number of unpaired
electrons in that atom. [2]
Electron configuration: ��

Unpaired electrons: ��
(b) (i) Draw a Lewis (electron dot) structure for the ozone molecule. [1]
(ii) Predict the shape and bond angle of the ozone molecule. [2]
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(c) Suggest a value, in pm, for the bond lengths in the ozone molecule and explain your
answer. Use section 10 of the data booklet. [2]
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16EP04
–5– 2224 – 6211
(d) The concentrations of ozone molecules and chlorine monoxide, ClO, free radicals
were measured.
1.20
2.50
Ozone
0.84
Ozone mixing ratio / units 106

ClO mixing ratio / units 106
1.75
0.48 1.25
0.75
ClO
0 0.25
64 66 68 70
Latitude °s
(i) Outline the relationship between the concentrations of ozone and ClO, free radicals. [1]
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(ii) Comment, based on this graph, on the conclusion that the hole in the ozone layer
is caused by ClO free radicals. [2]
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16EP05
–6– 2224 – 6211
3. The acid–base character of the oxides of elements depends on their position in the periodic table.
(a) (i) State one environmental problem caused by sulfur dioxide, SO2.[1]
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(ii) Write an equation to show how sulfur dioxide reacts in the atmosphere to produce
a secondary pollutant. [1]
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(b) A solution was prepared by dissolving 0.100 mol of sodium oxide in distilled water and
making the total volume up to 1.00 dm3.
(i) Write the equation for the reaction between sodium oxide and water. [1]
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(ii) Calculate the pH of the solution. [2]
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16EP06
–7– 2224 – 6211
(c) Phosphoric acid, H3PO4, also reacts with water.
H3PO4(aq) + H2O(l)  H3O+(aq) + H2PO4-(aq)
(i) State an expression for the equilibrium constant, Kc, for this equation. [1]
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(ii) State, with a reason, the effect of an increase in temperature on the position of
this equilibrium, assuming ∆HÖ < 0. [1]
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(d) Outline why the ionic radius of the phosphide ion, P3-, is greater than that of the sulfide
ion, S2-.[1]
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16EP07
–8– 2224 – 6211
4. Ethenone, CH2CO, is used in the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds.
(a) Suggest why the compound is given this IUPAC name. [2]
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(b) Compare and contrast the intermolecular forces that result in ethenone being less
volatile than carbon dioxide. [2]
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(c) Ethenone can be made by the thermal decomposition of propanone.
CH3COCH3 (l) → CH2CO (g) + CH4 (g)
(i) Calculate the standard enthalpy change for this reaction.

Use ∆HÖf ethenone = -87.2 kJ mol-1 and section 12 of the data booklet. [2]
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16EP08
–9– 2224 – 6211
(ii) Sketch the potential energy diagram for the thermal decomposition of propanone
from (c)(i). Use the axes given and indicate both the enthalpy of reaction and the
activation energy. [2]
Energy
Progress of reaction
Turn over
16EP09
– 10 – 2224 – 6211
(d) Ethenone can be converted to compound G, which reacts slowly with metal oxides
when in aqueous solution.
The mass spectrum of G is shown.
43
100
45
80
Relative intensity
15
60
60
40
20
0
0 20 40 60 80
m/z
[Source: Used with permission. © United States of America as represented by the Secretary of Commerce.]
Deduce the identity of G, giving two reasons based on the spectrum. [3]
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16EP10
– 11 – 2224 – 6211
(e) 10.0 cm3 of ethenone is mixed with 100 cm3 of oxygen and burnt completely.
CH2CO (g) + 2O2 (g) → 2CO2 (g) + H2O (l)
Determine the final volume of the gaseous mixture after the reaction mixture has
returned to the original temperature and pressure. [2]
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(f) Calculations often assume that real gases behave like ideal gases.
State one reason why gases such as carbon dioxide and ethenone become less ideal
at higher pressures. [1]
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(g) Propanone can be synthesised by the oxidation of propan-2-ol. Propan-2-ol can be

synthesised in two ways, from H by addition of water or from G by a substitution reaction.
Addition
H2O
....................
Substitution
G
Draw the structure of H and state the name of G, applying IUPAC rules. [2]
Turn over
16EP11
– 12 – 2224 – 6211
5. A student investigated the kinetics of the reaction between a dye, RCl, and aqueous sodium
hydroxide. The dye has an intense blue colour that fades during the reaction.
The reaction can be represented by the following equation.
RCl (aq) + OH- (aq) → ROH (aq) + Cl- (aq)
Blue Colourless
In a trial investigation, the student mixed the solutions and measured the time for the colour
to disappear in the reaction mixture shown in the table. The student calculated the rate of
reaction using the following equation.
Calculated rate = [RCl] / time for colour to disappear
Initial concentration / mol dm-3 Time for colour to Calculated rate /

disappear / s mol dm-3 s-1
[RCl] [OH-]
3.00 × 10-6 2.00 × 10-2 110 2.73 × 10-8
(a) Outline why the calculated rate does not correspond to the initial rate of reaction. [1]
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(b) The student modified the procedure to measure the concentration of the dye using
a spectrophotometer.
The concentration of the dye was measured continually by monitoring the light
absorbed by the reaction mixture.
Experiment Initial concentration / mol dm-3 Initial rate / mol dm-3 s-1
[RCl] [OH-]
1 3.00 × 10-6 2.00 × 10-2 3.20 × 10-8
2 1.50 × 10-6 1.00 × 10-2 8.00 × 10-9
3 2.00 × 10-2
16EP12
– 13 – 2224 – 6211
A graph of [RCl] versus time for experiment 3 is shown.

7
5
RCl / 106 mol dm3
0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Time / s
(i) Using the graph, determine the missing values from the table for experiment 3.
Justify your answer. [3]
Initial [RCl]: ��

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Initial rate: ��
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(ii) Outline, on a molecular level, why the rate decreases with time. [1]
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16EP13
– 14 – 2224 – 6211
6. Compounds are often identified as oxidizing and reducing agents.
(a) Write the half-equations for the formation of the products at the positive electrode
(anode) and negative electrode (cathode) when molten sodium bromide is electrolysed. [2]
Positive electrode (anode): ��

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Negative electrode (cathode): ��
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(b) Identify the species oxidized and the number of electrons transferred in the
following equation. [2]
2MnO4-(aq) + SO32-(aq) + 2OH-(aq) → 2MnO42-(aq) + SO42-(aq) + H2O(l)
Species oxidized: ��

Number of electrons transferred: ��
16EP14
Disclaimer:
Content used in IB assessments is taken from authentic, third-party sources. The views expressed within them belong to their
individual authors and/or publishers and do not necessarily reflect the views of the IB.
References:
1.(d) Irina Doroshenko et al. Infrared Absorption Spectra of Monohydric Alcohols. Open access article distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. Image adapted.
2.(d) Rowland, F.S., 2006. Stratospheric ozone depletion. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 361(1469), pp. 769–790.
[e-journal] Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16627294/ [Accessed 12 April 2023]. Source adapted.
4.(d) Used with permission. © United States of America as represented by the Secretary of Commerce.
All other texts, graphics and illustrations © International Baccalaureate Organization 2024
16EP15
Please do not write on this page.
Answers written on this page

will not be marked.
16EP16
criminal offense.
license/.
Chemistry
Standard level
Paper 2
9 May 2024
Zone A morning Zone B morning Zone C morning

Candidate session number
1 hour 15 minutes
y Write your session number in the boxes above.
y Answer all questions.
y Answers must be written within the answer boxes provided.
y A calculator is required for this paper.
y A clean copy of the chemistry data booklet is required for this paper.
2224 – 6205
16EP01
–2– 2224 – 6205
Answer all questions. Answers must be written within the answer boxes provided.
1. A powder has the following percentage composition by mass:
30.0 % sucrose, C12H22O11
45.0 % citric acid, C6H8O7
25.0 % sodium hydrogencarbonate, NaHCO3
In the presence of water, the powder effervesces as the citric acid reacts with the sodium
hydrogencarbonate:
3NaHCO3 (s) + C6H8O7 (aq)  Na3(C6H5O7) (aq) + 3CO2 (g) + 3H2O (l)
(a) (i) Determine the limiting reactant when 1.00 g of this powder reacts. [3]
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(ii) etermine the volume, in dm3 at SATP, of carbon dioxide released in the reaction
D
in (a)(i). Use sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet. [2]
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16EP02
–3– 2224 – 6205
(iii) Calculate the percentage yield obtained by a student who collected 0.043 dm3 of
carbon dioxide from 1.00 g of the powder.
If you did not obtain an answer to (a)(ii), use 0.068 dm3, but this is not the correct
value.[1]
��
��
��
(b) (i) State the number of acidic hydrogens in the citric acid molecule shown. [1]
O
OH
O O
HO OH
OH
��
(ii) Deduce the structural formula of the conjugate base of citric acid. [1]
(iii) Predict, giving a reason, the strength of citric acid. [1]
��
��
(c) Calculate the pH of a solution with a hydrogen ion concentration,

[H+] = 0.0025 mol dm-3.[1]
��
��
Turn over
16EP03
–4– 2224 – 6205
2. A student investigated the use of hand sanitising gel containing propan-1-ol as a camping fuel.
thermometer
copper calorimeter
water
gel
Mass of water / g ± 0.02 g 400.00
Initial temperature of water / °C ± 0.5 °C 19.0
Final temperature of water / °C ± 0.5 °C 40.0
Initial mass of gel / g ± 0.01 g 20.00
Final mass of gel / g ± 0.01 g 18.20
(a) (i) Calculate the heat energy absorbed by the water, in J. Use sections 1 and 2 of
the data booklet. [1]
��
��
��
(ii) Calculate the percentage uncertainty of your answer in (a)(i). [2]
��
��
��
16EP04
–5– 2224 – 6205
(iii) Suggest a way to reduce the random uncertainty of the answer. [1]
��
��
(b) (i) Calculate the enthalpy of combustion of propan-1-ol, in kJ mol-1, stating one
assumption.
If you did not obtain an answer to (a)(i), use 30 000 J, though this is not the
correct value. [3]
Calculation: ��
��
��
��
��
Assumption: ��
(ii) Calculate the percentage error, using section 13 of the data booklet. [1]
��
��
��
(iii) Suggest the main source of error, and a way to reduce it. [1]
��
��
Turn over
16EP05
–6– 2224 – 6205
(c) Ethanol and propan-1-ol are members of a homologous series.
(i) State the names of the class of compound and the functional group of this series. [2]
Class: ��
Functional group: ��
(ii) State the strongest intermolecular force present in ethanol and propan-1-ol. [1]
��
(iii) Predict an intermolecular force which would be stronger in the next member of
the homologous series, butan-1-ol. [1]
��
��
��
16EP06
–7– 2224 – 6205
3. Hydrogen is manufactured from methane by a process called steam reforming:
CH4 (g) + H2O (g)  CO (g) + 3H2 (g) ΔH = +206 kJ mol−1
(a) Deduce the equilibrium constant, Kc, expression for the reaction. [1]
��
��
(b) Predict, with a reason, the effect of increasing the temperature on the position of
equilibrium.[1]
��
��
��
(c) Explain why the reaction rate increases with temperature, adding annotations to the
following Maxwell–Boltzmann graph to assist your explanation. [3]
Fraction of particles
Kinetic energy
Explanation: ��
��
��
��
(d) Annotate this Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution graph in (c) to show the effect of
a catalyst. [1]
Turn over
16EP07
–8– 2224 – 6205
4. The water-gas shift reaction is another way to manufacture hydrogen.
CO (g) + H2O (g)  CO2 (g) + H2 (g) ΔH = −41 kJ mol−1
(a) (i) State the oxidation state of carbon in carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. [1]
carbon monoxide: ��

carbon dioxide: ��
(ii) Identify the oxidising and reducing agents, and the species oxidised and reduced,
in the forward reaction. [2]
CO (g) H2O (g)
oxidising or reducing agent?
species oxidised or reduced?
(b) (i) Draw the Lewis structure of carbon dioxide. [1]
��
��
��
��
(ii) Annotate the Lewis structure in (b)(i) to show the polarity of the bonds by adding
the symbols δ+ and δ- as appropriate. [1]
(iii) Explain the molecular geometry and polarity of the carbon dioxide molecule. [2]
��
��
��
��
16EP08
–9– 2224 – 6205
(iv) Outline why the increase in carbon dioxide concentration in the atmosphere is
of international concern. [2]
��
��
��
��
(v) Explain, referring to the enthalpy profile shown, whether carbon monoxide is
more or less stable than carbon dioxide. [1]
1
CO  2 O2
enthalpy
CO2
��
��
��
Turn over
16EP09
– 10 – 2224 – 6205

will not be marked.
16EP10
– 11 – 2224 – 6205
5. (a) State the electron configuration of sulfur, S. [1]
��
(b) tate a physical property of sulfur which supports its classification as a

S
non-metal element. [1]
��
(c) Suggest a balanced equation for the reaction of an oxide of sulfur with water. [1]
��
��
��
Turn over
16EP11
– 12 – 2224 – 6205
6. (a) Determine the relative atomic mass of nickel from the mass spectrum shown. [1]
68%
Relative abundance
26%
4%
1% 1%
58 59 60 61 62 63 64
Mass number
��
��
��
��
(b) (i) Deduce the nuclear symbol, AZX, for an ion of nickel-58 with 26 electrons. [1]
��
��
16EP12
– 13 – 2224 – 6205
(ii) Draw arrows to represent electrons in the orbital diagram for this ion. [1]
4s 3d
(iii) Explain how the ions are held together in nickel chloride, and why it only
conducts electricity when molten. [2]
��
��
��
Turn over
16EP13
– 14 – 2224 – 6205
7. (a) Compare the length and strength of the C–C bonds in benzene and cyclohexene,
referring to sections 10 and 11 of the data booklet. [1]
Bond length: ��

��
Bond strength: ��
��
(b) Explain why the structure of benzene favours substitution and not addition reactions. [2]
��
��
��
16EP14

will not be marked.
16EP15

will not be marked.
16EP16
criminal offense.
license/.
Chemistry
Standard level
Paper 1
8 May 2024
Zone A afternoon Zone B afternoon Zone C afternoon
45 minutes
y Answer all the questions.
y For each question, choose the answer you consider to be the best and indicate your choice on
the answer sheet provided.
y The periodic table is provided for reference on page 2 of this examination paper.
2224 – 6210
ENG
The Periodic Table
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
1 2
1 H He
1.01 4.00
3 4 Atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10
2 Li Be Element B C N O F Ne
6.94 9.01 Relative atomic mass 10.81 12.01 14.01 16.00 19.00 20.18
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
3 Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
22.99 24.31 26.98 28.09 30.97 32.07 35.45 39.95
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
4 K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
39.10 40.08 44.96 47.87 50.94 52.00 54.94 55.85 58.93 58.69 63.55 65.38 69.72 72.63 74.92 78.96 79.90 83.90
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54
–2–
5 Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
85.47 87.62 88.91 91.22 92.91 95.96 (98) 101.07 102.91 106.42 107.87 112.41 114.82 118.71 121.76 127.60 126.90 131.29
55 56 57 † 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86
6 Cs Ba La Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
132.91 137.33 138.91 178.49 180.95 183.84 186.21 190.23 192.22 195.08 196.97 200.59 204.38 207.2 208.98 (209) (210) (222)
87 88 89 ‡ 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 113 114 115 116 117 118
7 Fr Ra Ac Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Unt Uug Uup Uuh Uus Uuo
(223) (226) (227) (267) (268) (269) (270) (269) (278) (281) (281) (285) (286) (289) (288) (293) (294) (294)
† 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
140.12 140.91 144.24 (145) 150.36 151.96 157.25 158.93 162.50 164.93 167.26 168.93 173.05 174.97
‡ 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
232.04 231.04 238.03 (237) (244) (243) (247) (247) (251) (252) (257) (258) (259) (262)
2224 – 6210
–3– 2224 – 6210
1. Which compound has the highest percentage of carbon by mass?
A. CH4
B. C 2H 6
C. CO
D. CO2
2. 6.00 mol of copper, Cu, are mixed with 12.00 mol of dilute nitric acid, HNO3 (aq). The equation for
the reaction that occurs is shown below.
3Cu (s) + 8HNO3 (aq) → 3Cu (NO3)2 (aq) + 2NO (g) + 4H2O (l)
What is the amount, in mol, of nitrogen(II) oxide, NO, produced assuming that the reaction goes
to completion?
A. 3.00
B. 4.00
C. 8.00
D. 18.00
3. What is correct for the empirical formula of a compound?
A. The number of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound
B. The total number of atoms in a molecule of the compound
C. The simplest ratio of atoms of each element in a molecule of the compound
D. The total number of elements in a molecule of the compound
4. What is the number of hydrogen atoms in 2.00 mol of NH3?
Avogadro’s constant (L or NA) = 6.02 × 1023 mol−1
A. 1.20 × 1024
B. 1.81 × 1024
C. 2.41 × 1024
D. 3.61 × 1024
Turn over
–4– 2224 – 6210
5. What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the fourth shell in the atom (n = 4)?
A. 8
B. 18
C. 32
D. 36
6. How are the lines in the emission spectrum of hydrogen produced?
A. Electrons move to higher energy levels absorbing photons.
B. Electrons move to lower energy levels releasing photons.
C. Electrons move to higher energy levels releasing photons.
D. Electrons move to lower energy levels absorbing photons.
7. Which set of ions shows increasing ionic radii?
A. P3− < Cl− < K+ < Ca2+
B. Cl− < P3− < Ca2+ < K+
C. K+ < Ca2+ < P3− < Cl−
D. Ca2+ < K+ < Cl− < P3−
8. When the same amount of each oxide is added to an equal volume of water, which oxide produces
the solution with the highest pH?
A. MgO
B. Al2O3
C. SiO2
D. SO2
–5– 2224 – 6210
9. What is the geometry around a carbon atom in graphene?
A. Hexagonal
B. Pyramidal
C. Tetrahedral
D. Trigonal planar
10. What is the correct number of bonding pairs of electrons in ethanedioic acid, (COOH)2?
A. 7
B. 8
C. 9
D. 18
11. Which best explains the malleability of metals?
A. Delocalized electrons can move throughout the anion lattice.
B. Layers of anions are held together by delocalized electrons.
C. Non-directional bonds allow layers of cations to slide over each other.
D. The attraction between the cations and the delocalized electrons is strong.
12. Which two liquids are immiscible?
A. H2O and CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH2OH
B. H2O and CH3COOH
C. CH3CH2OH and CH3COOH
D. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 and CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
Turn over
–6– 2224 – 6210
13. A student determined the enthalpy change of combustion of a fuel by burning it in a spirit burner
placed under a metal can containing 100 cm3 of water.
Thermometer
Clamp
Metal can
Water
Spirit burner
Fuel
Which modification can improve the accuracy of the experiment?
A. Placing a lid on the metal can containing water
B. Covering the spirit burner with aluminium foil
C. Increasing the distance between the metal can and the spirit burner
D. Using warm water instead of water at room temperature in the metal can
14. Standard enthalpy changes of reaction are provided for the following reactions.
C (s) + O2 (g) → CO2 (g) ∆H À = −394 kJ

1
H2 (g) + O2 (g) → H2O (l) ∆H À = −286 kJ
2
C2H5OH (l) + 3O2 (g) → 2CO2 (g) + 3H2O (l) ∆H À = −1367 kJ
What is the standard enthalpy change, in kJ, of the following reaction?
1
2C (s) + 3H2 (g) + O2 (g) → C2H5OH (l)
2
A. (−394 × 2) − (286 × 3) − 1367
B. (394 × 2) + (286 × 3) + 1367
C. (394 × 2) + (286 × 3) − 1367
D. (−394 × 2) − (286 × 3) + 1367

–7– 2224 – 6210
15. Which statement about a chemical reaction involving covalent molecules is correct?
A. More energy is given out if the products are in the gaseous rather than the liquid state.
B. If the products have stronger bonds than the reactants the reaction is exothermic.
C. Enthalpy change of reaction is the sum of the bond enthalpies of the products minus the sum
of the bond enthalpies of the reactants.
D. Forming bonds absorbs the activation energy.
16. Which best explains the low rate of a reaction between two gases occurring at high temperature
and high pressure?
A. The frequency of collisions is low.
B. The bonds in the reactants are strong.
C. A high fraction of reactant molecules collides with the correct orientation.
D. The activation energy of the reaction is low.
Turn over
–8– 2224 – 6210
17. The mass of a flask containing excess calcium carbonate, CaCO3 (s), reacting with 100 cm3 of
0.50 mol dm−3 hydrochloric acid, HCl (aq), was monitored with time at 25 C.
Cotton wool
Dilute hydrochloric acid
Calcium carbonate
0.00 g
Curve I was obtained under these conditions.
Which curve corresponds to the experiment when it was repeated at the same temperature
using the same mass of same sized pieces of calcium carbonate and 50 cm3 of 0.50 mol dm−3
hydrochloric acid?
0.00
A C
Balance reading / g
Curve I
Time
–9– 2224 – 6210
18. Which pair of changes will both shift the position of equilibrium to the left?
2H2 (g) + CO (g)  CH3OH (g) ∆H = −92 kJ
Temperature Pressure
A. increase increase
B. decrease decrease
C. increase decrease
D. decrease increase
19. Consider the equilibrium between dinitrogen tetraoxide, N2O4 (g), and nitrogen dioxide, NO2 (g).
N2O4 (g)  2NO2 (g)
At a certain temperature, the Kc value for this reaction is 5. What is the Kc value for the reaction
below at the same temperature?
2NO2 (g)  N2O4 (g)
A. 5
1
B.
5
C. 5
D. 52
20. What is the conjugate base of OH−?
A. O2−
B. H 2O
C. H3O+
D. H−
Turn over
– 10 – 2224 – 6210
21. What is the pH of a 0.010 mol dm−3 aqueous solution of HCl?
A. 1.0 × 10−2
B. 1.0 × 10−1
C. 1.00
D. 2.00
22. Which statement is correct for the following spontaneous reaction?
C2O42− (aq) + S2O82− (aq) → 2SO42− (aq) + 2CO2 (g)
A. C2O42− is the oxidizing agent and S2O82− is oxidized.
B. S2O82− is the oxidizing agent and C2O42− is oxidized.
C. C2O42− is the oxidizing agent and S2O82− is reduced.
D. S2O82− is the oxidizing agent and C2O42− is reduced.
23. Iron is a more reactive metal than cobalt. Which statement is correct about the voltaic cell below?
Voltmeter
Salt bridge
Co Fe
Co2+ (aq) Fe2+ (aq)
A. Electrons flow from cobalt to iron in the wire.
B. Negative ions flow through the salt bridge to the iron half-cell.
C. The mass of the cobalt electrode decreases.
D. Reduction occurs at the iron electrode.

– 11 – 2224 – 6210
24. What is the IUPAC name of this compound?
H
O
C H
C O
H H
C
H
H
C
H
H
A. Methyl ethanoate
B. Ethyl methanoate
C. Methyl propanoate
D. Propyl methanoate
25. What is the major product formed when Cl2 is added to propene?
A. 2,2-dichloropropane
B. 1,2-dichloropropane
C. 1-chloroprop-2-ene
D. 2-chloropropane
26. Which of the three statements are correct for propanone and butanone that belong to the same
homologous series?
I. They have the same empirical formula.

II. They differ in a CH2.
III. They both have the general formula CnH2nO.
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
Turn over
– 12 – 2224 – 6210
27. Which of the following pairs are structural isomers?
I. CH3CHCHCH2Br and CH3CHBrCH2CH3

II. (CH3)2CHCH2CH3 and CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3
III. CH3OCH3 and CH3CH2OH
A. I and II only
B. I and III only
C. II and III only
D. I, II and III
28. What is the simplest ratio of the area under the signals in the 1H NMR spectrum of pentan-3-one?
A. 3:3:2:2
B. 1:1
C. 6:4
D. 3:2
29. Which graph shows the correct relationship between the volume and temperature of an ideal gas
at constant pressure?
A. B.
V / m3
V / m3
(0,0) (0,0)
T/ K T/ K
C. D.
V / m3
V / m3
(0,0) (0,0)
T / C T / C
– 13 – 2224 – 6210
30. The following measurements were made during an experiment.
Initial temperature = 17 ± 1 C
Final temperature = 43 ± 1 C
What is the uncertainty associated with the temperature rise?
A. 1+1
B. 1−1
1 1
C. +
17 43
1 1
D. 17 43 26

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I‭B Diploma‬

© Organisation du Baccalauréat International 2024

© Organización del Bachillerato Internacional, 2024

Zone A afternoon Zone B afternoon Zone C afternoon

‡ 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103

1. Which descriptions of a chemical compound are correct?

I. Contains atoms of more than one element.

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

__Al(OH)3 (s) + __H2SO4 (aq)  __H2O (l) + __Al2(SO4)3 (aq)

CH2CHCHCH2 (g) + 2H2 (g)  CH3CH2CH2CH3 (g)

A. 9 dm3 of butane and 6 dm3 of hydrogen

B. 9 dm3 of butane and 6 dm3 of buta-1,3-diene

C. 15 dm3 of butane and 3 dm3 of hydrogen

D. 18 dm3 of butane and 3 dm3 of buta-1,3-diene

Protons Electrons Neutrons

diagram not to scale

7. Which element is an actinoid?

8. Which oxide produces an aqueous solution with the highest pH?

9. What is the correct formula for ammonium phosphate?

10. Which bond is the most polar?

11. Which species have resonance structures?

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

12. Which combination best describes NO2-?

D. 4 trigonal planar 120°

A. 2.00 × 0.385 × (65.0 - 15.0)

B. 2.00 × 0.385 × (65.0 - 15.0 + 273)

C. 100.0 × 4.18 × (65.0 - 15.0)

D. 100.0 × 4.18 × (65.0 - 15.0 + 273)

C3H4 (g) + H2 (g)  C3H6 (g) ΔH Ö = ?

C3H4 (g) + 2H2 (g)  C3H8 (g) ΔH Ö = -290 kJ mol−1

C3H6 (g) + H2 (g)  C3H8 (g) ΔH Ö = -125 kJ mol−1

A. ΔH Ö reaction = ΣΔH Öf reactants - ΣΔH Öf products

B. ΔH Ö reaction = ΣΔH Öc products - ΣΔH Öc reactants

C. ΔH Ö reaction = ΣΔH Öbonds reactants - ΣΔH Öbonds products

D. ΔH Ö reaction = ΣΔH Öbonds products - ΣΔH Öbonds reactants

A. increasing the length of the magnesium ribbon

B. increasing the temperature of the acid

C. cutting the magnesium ribbon into smaller pieces

D. adding water to the hydrochloric acid

C4H9Br (l) + H2O (l)  C4H9OH (aq) + H+ (aq) + Br− (aq)

B. I and III only

C. II and III only

B. Na2SO4 + H2O + CO2

D. NaSO4 + H2O + CO2

21. The following equations represent reactions that occur spontaneously.

Fe(NO3)2 (aq) + Zn (s)  Zn(NO3)2 (aq) + Fe (s)

Ni(NO3)2 (aq) + Fe (s)  Fe(NO3)2 (aq) + Ni (s)

Sn(NO3)2 (aq) + Ni (s)  Ni(NO3)2 (aq) + Sn (s)

What is the increasing order of activity of the metals?

A. Zn < Fe < Ni < Sn

B. Sn < Fe < Ni < Zn

C. Sn < Ni < Fe < Zn

D. Ni < Sn < Zn < Fe

22. Which statement is correct for a voltaic cell?

A. Reduction occurs at the negative electrode.

B. Electrical energy is converted to chemical energy.

C. The anode is the positive electrode.

Al(OH)3 (s) + H2SO4 (aq)  H2O (l) + Al2(SO4)3 (aq)

(a) Outline why this compound is not a hydrocarbon. [1]

(b) Determine the empirical formula of A.[2]

Determine the molar mass and the molecular formula of A.[2]

(ii) Calculate the pH of the solution. [2]

Justify your answer. [3]