PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATION IN

3 TWO VARIABLES
Introduction

Equation : An equation is a statement of equality which involves numbers and variables.

e.g., 4x = 12, 4 + x = 10, 7 – 2x = 5 etc.
Usually the variables are denoted by letters towards the end of English alphabet, e.g., x, y, z, u, v, w etc.
An equation of the form Ax + By + C = 0 is called a linear equation.
Where A is called coefficient of x, B is called coefficient of y and C is the constant term (free from x & y)
A, B, C,  R [ → belongs to, R → Real No.] But A and B cannot be simultaneously zero.
If A  0, B = 0 equation will be of the form Ax + C = 0. [Line || to Y-axis]
If A = 0, B  0, equation will be of the form By + C = 0. [Line || to X-axis]
If A  0, B  0, C = 0 equation will be of the form A x + By = 0. [Line passing through origin]
If A  0, B  0, C  0 equation will be of the form A x + By + C = 0.
It is called a linear equation in two variables because the two unknowns (x & y) occurs only in the first power,
and the product of two unknown quantities does not occur.
Since it involves two variables therefore a single equation will have infinite set of solution i.e. indeterminate
solution. So, we require a pair of equation i.e. simultaneous equations.

A. PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATION IN TWO

VARIABLE AND METHODS OF SOLVING

Standard form of linear equation :

a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 ....(i)
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 ....(ii)
Where a1, a2, b1, b2, c1 and c2 are real non-zero numbers a12 + b12  0 and a22 + b22  0 and x, y are variables.
For solving such equations we have four methods.
(a) Graphical method
(b) Elimination by substitution
(c) Elimination by equating the coefficients
(d) Elimination by cross multiplication.
(a) Graphical solution of linear equations in two variables
Let equations of two lines are a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0.
Find atleast two solutions for each of the two equations by assuming value of one variable and then
calculating the other variable.
Plot these points of both equations in the same co-ordinate axis to get two straight line, one for each
equation.
While plotting the graph, the following three cases arises:
Case I : The two lines intersect at a point P

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 Then the two equations have unique solution given by x = a and y = b. The equations are said to be
consistent.

Case II : The two lines are parallel to each other.

Then the two equations have no solutions and are said to be inconsistent.

Case III : The two lines are coincident

Then the two equations have infinitely many solutions and are said to be consistent.

(b) Elimination By Substitution

To solve a pair of linear equations in two variables x and y by substitution method, we follow the
following steps:
Step 1: Write the given equations
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 ...(1)
and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 ...(2)
Step 2: Choose one of the two equations and express y in terms of x (or x in terms of y), i.e., express
one variable in terms of the other.
Step 3: Substitute this value of y obtained in step-II, in the other equation to get a linear equation in x.
Step 4: Solve the linear equation obtained in step-III and get the value of x.
Step 5: Substitute this value of x in the relation obtained in step-II and find the value of y.

(c) Elimination by Equating the Coefficients :

To solve a pair of linear equations in two variables x and y by elimination method, we follow the
following steps:

Step 1: Write the given equations

a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 ...(1)
and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 ...(2)
Step 2: Multiply the given equations by suitable numbers so that the coefficient of one of the variables
are numerically equal.
Step 3: If the numerically equal coefficients are opposite in sign, then add the new equations otherwise
subtract.
Step 4: Solve the linear equations in one variable obtained in step-III and get the value of one variable.
Step 5: Substitute this value of the variable obtained in step-IV in any of the two equations and find the
value of the other variable.
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(d) Elimination by Cross Multiplication
Consider the system of linear equation.
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0
 a1 b1 
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0   
 a 2 b2 
[Write the coefficient in this manner]

x y 1 x 1 b c − b2 c1
= =  =  x= 1 2
b1c2 − b 2 c1 a 2 c1 − a1c2 a1b2 − a 2 b1 b1c2 − b 2 c1 a1b2 − a 2 b1 a1b2 − a 2 b1
y 1
Also =
a 2 c1 − a1c2 a1b2 − a 2 b1
a c −a c
 y= 2 1 1 2
a1b2 − a 2 b1
Case-1: If a1b2 – a2b1  0  x and y have some finite values, with unique solution for the system of equations.
a b
Case-2: If a1b2 – a2b1 = 0  1 = 1
a 2 b2
Here two cases arise :
a b c
(a) If 1 = 1  1  (  0) . Then a1 = a2, b1 = b2, c1 = c2
a 2 b2 c2
Put these values in equation a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 ... (i)
 a2x + b2y + c2 = 0  (a2x + b2y + c2) = 0 but   0
 a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 ... (ii)
So (i) and (ii) are dependent, so there are infinite number of solutions.

a1 b1 c1 a b
(b) If =   1 = 1 = (  0). Then a1 = a2, b1 = b2
a 2 b2 c2 a 2 b2
Put these values in equation a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 ... (i)
 a2x + b2y + c1 = 0  (a2x + b2y) + c1 = 0 but   0
 a2x + b2y = – c2 ... (ii)
Put this value in equation (a2x + b2y) + c1 = 0, we get
c c c
 (–c2) + c1 = 0   = 1 as   1 and we are getting  = 1
c2 c2 c2
So, system of equations is inconsistent.

Solved Examples

Example.1 Solve the following system of linear equations graphically : x – y = 1 and 2x + y = 8. Shade the
area bounded by these two lines and y-axis also, determine this area.
Solution. (i) x – y = 1; x = y + 1
x 0 1 2
y –1 0 1

(ii) 2x + y = 8; y = 8 – 2x
x 0 1 2
y 8 6 4
Solution is x = 3 and y = 2

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 1 1
Area of ABC = × BC × AD = × 9 × 3 = 13.5 Sq. unit.
2 2

Example.2 Solve the following systems of equations by graphing.

(i) x + 2y – 3 = 0, 4x + 3y = 2
(ii) 3x + y = 1, 2y = 2 – 6x
(iii) 2x – y = 2, 2y – 4x = 2
3− x
Solution. (i) x + 2y – 3 = 0  y =
2
x 1 3 –3
y 1 0 3
Points are (1, 1), (3, 0), (–3, 3)
2 − 4x
4x + 3y = 2  y =
3
x 2 –1 5
y –2 2 –6
Points are (2, –2), (–1, 2), (5, –6)
From the graph, we see that the two lines intersect at a point (–1, 2).
So unique solution of the pair of linear equations is x = –1, y = 2.

(ii) 3x + y = 1  y = 1 – 3x
x 0 1 2
y 1 –2 –5
Points are (0, 1), (1, –2), (2, –5)
2 − 6x
2y = 2 – 6x  y =
2
x –1 1 –2
y 4 –2 7
Points are (–1, 4), (1, –2), (–2, 7)
The graph is shown a long side. The two equations have
the same graph. Thus, system has infinite number of
solutions.

(iii) 2x – y = 2  y = 2x – 2
x 0 1 2
y –2 0 2

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 Points are (0, –2), (1, 0), (2, 2)
4x + 2
2y – 4x = 2  y =
2
x 0 1 –1
y 1 3 –1
Points are (0, 1), (1, 3), (–1, –1)

The graph is shown a long side.

The graph of the system consists of two parallel lines.
So, it has no solution.

Example.3 Show graphically that the system of equations 2x + 4y = 10 and 3x + 6y = 12 has no solution.
Solution. Graph of 2x + 4y = 10
We have,
5−x
2x + 4y = 10  4y = 10 – 2x  y =
2
5 −1
When x = 1, we have : y = =2
2
5−3
When x = 3, we have y = =1
2
Thus, we have the following table
x 1 2
y 0 1
Plot the points A (1, 2) and B (3, 1) on a
graph paper. Join A and B and extend it on
both sides to obtain the graph of 2x + 4y = 10
as shown in figure.
Graph of 3x + 6y = 12
We have,
4−x
3x + 6y = 12  6y = 12 – 3x  y =
2
4−2
When x = 2, we have : y = =1
2

4−0
When x = 0, we have : y = =2
2
Thus, we have the following table
x 2 0
y 1 2
Plot the point C (2,1) and D (0, 2) on the same graph paper. Join C and D and extend it on both
sides to obtain the graph of 3x + 6y = 12 as shown in figure.
We find the lines represented by given equations are parallel. So, the two lines have no
common point.
Hence, the given system of equations has no solution.

Example.4 Solve for x and y : 4x + 3y = 24, 3y – 2x = 6.

Solution. 4x + 3y = 24 …(1)
3y – 2x = 6 …(2)
From equation (1), we get
24 − 4x
y= …(3)
3

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 Substituting in equation (2), we get
 24 − 4x 
3  − 2x = 6
 3 
 24 – 4x – 2x = 6
 – 6x = – 24 + 6
 6x = 18 x=3
Substituting x = 3 in (3), we get
24 − 12 12
 y=  =4
3 3
Hence, x = 3, y = 4.

Example.5 In one day the National Museum of India, New Delhi admitted 321 adults and children and
collected 1590. The price of admission is 6 for an adult and 4 for a child. How many
adults and how many children were admitted to the museum that day?
Solution.
Verbal Number of Number of Total number
+ =
Model adults children admitted
Price of Number Price of Number Total
adult • of + child • of = amount
admission adults admission children collected
Labels Number of adults = x
Number of children = y
Total number admitted = 321
Price of adult admission = 6
Price of child admission = 4
Total amount collected = 1590
Algebraic x + y = 321 ... (1)
Model 6x + 4y = 1590 ... (2)
From equation 1, we get
x = – y + 321 ... (3)
6(–y + 321) + 4y = 1590 (Substitute – y + 321 for x in equation 2)
– 6y + 1926 + 4y = 1590
– 2y + 1926 = 1590
– 2y = – 336
y = 168
x = – (168) + 321 = 153 (Substitute 168 for y in equation 3)
153 adults and 168 children were admitted to the National Museum of India that day.

Example.6 Solve the following pair of linear equations by elimination method 3x + 4y = 10 and 2x – 2y = 2.
Solution. We have, 3x + 4y = 10 ... (1)
and 2x – 2y = 2 ... (2)
Multiplying (2) by 2, we get 4x – 4y = 4 ... (3)
Adding (1) and (3), we get 7x = 14  x = 2
Putting x = 2 in equation (2), we get
2 × 2 – 2y = 2
 2y = 4 – 2
 y=1
Hence, the solution is x = 2 and y = 1.

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Example.7 A gold crown, suspected of containing some silver, was found to have a mass of 714 grams and a
volume of 46 cubic centimeters. The density of gold is about 19 grams per cubic centimeter. The
density of silver is about 10.5 grams per cubic centimeter. What percent of the crown is silver?

Solution.
Verbal Gold Silver
+ = Total volume
Model volume volume

 Gold Gold Silver Silver Total

density • volume + density • volume = mass

Labels Volume of gold = G (cubic centimeters)


Volume of silver = S (cubic centimeters)
Total volume = 46 (cubic centimeters)
Density of gold = 19 (grams per cubic centimeter)
Density of silver = 10.5 (grams per cubic centimeter)
Total mass = 714 (grams)
Algebraic G + S = 46 ... (1)
Model 19G + 10.5S = 714 ... (2)
Multiplying equation (1) by – 19, we get
– 19G – 19S = – 874 ... (3)
Adding equation (2) and (3), we get
– 8.5 s = – 160
s  18.8
The volume of silver is about 19 cm3. The crown has a volume of 46 cm3, so the crown
19
 41% silver by volume.
46

Example.8 Solve using substitution method : x + 4y = 14 & 7x – 3y = 5.

Solution. x + 4y = 14 .......(i)
7x – 3y = 5 .......(ii)
From equation (i), x = 14 – 4y .......(iii)
Substitute the value of x in equation (ii)
 7 (14 – 4y) – 3y = 5  98 – 28y – 3y = 5  98 – 31y = 5
93
 93 = 31y  y=  y = 3.
31
Now substitute value of y in equation (ii)
 7x – 3 (3) = 5  7x – 3 (3) = 5
14
 7x = 14  x= =2
7
So, solution is x = 2 and y = 3.

Example.9 Solve using equating the coefficients: 9x – 4y = 8 & 13x + 7y = 101.

Solution. 9x – 4y = 8 .......(i)
13x + 7y = 101 .......(ii)
Multiply equation (i) by 7 and equation (ii) by 4, we get
63x − 28y = 56
460
Add 52x + 28y = 404  x=  x = 4.
115
115x = 460
Substitute x = 4 in equation (i)
9 (4) – 4y = 8
28
 36 – 8 = 4y  28 = 4y  y = =7
4
So, solution is x = 4 and y = 7.

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 bx ay
Example.10 Solve using equating the coefficients: − + a + b = 0 and bx – ay + 2ab = 0.
a b
bx ay
Solution. − +a+b=0
a b
b2x – a2y + a2b + ab2 = 0 ....(i)
bx – ay + 2ab = 0 ....(ii)
Multiply equation (ii) by b
b 2 x − a 2 y + a 2 b + ab 2 = 0
b 2 x − aby + 2ab 2 =0
− + −
−a 2 y + aby + a 2 b − ab 2 = 0
ay (–a + b) = –a2b + ab2
ay (–a + b) = ab (b –a)
ay = ab
y=b
Substitute y = b in equation (i)
b2x – a2 b + a2b + ab2 = 0
b2x = –ab2
x = –a
So, x = –a and y = b.

Example.11 Solve using equating the coefficients:

42 52 7 13
+ = 5 and + where 3x + 4y  0,4y – 3x  0
3x + 4y 4y + 3x 3x + 4y 4y − 3x
1 1
Solution. Let = a and =b
3x + 4y 4y − 3x
Then, 42a + 52b = 5 ....(i)
7a + 13b = 1 ....(ii)
Multiplying (ii) by 6 we get
42a + 78b = 6 ....(iii)
(iii) – (i) we get
1
26 b = 1  b =
26
1
By putting b = in (ii) we get
26
1
a=
14
1 1
a= =  3x + 4y = 14 ...(iv)
14 3x + 4y
1 1
b= =  4y – 3x = 26 ...(v)
26 4y − 3x
Adding (iv) & (v) we get
8y = 40
y=5
Similarly, x = – 2

Example.12 Solve using cross multiplication method : 3x + 2y + 25 = 0 & x + y + 15 = 0.

Solution. Here, a1 = 3, b1 = 2, c1 = 25
a2 = 1, b2 = 1, c2 = 15


x y 1
= =
2  15 − 25  1 25  1 − 15  3 3  1 − 2  1
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 x y 1
= =
30 − 25 25 − 45 3 − 2
x y 1
= =
5 −20 1
x y 1
= 1, =
5 −20 1
x = 5, y = – 20
So, solution is x = 5 and y = – 20.

Example.13 Solve by cross-multiplication method : x + 2y + 1 = 0 and 2x – 3y – 12 = 0

Solution. We have, x + 2y + 1 = 0 and 2x – 3y – 12 = 0
By cross-multiplication method. we have

x y 1
 = =
2  ( –12 ) – ( –3)  1 1  2 – ( –12 ) 1 1 ( –3) – 2  2
x y 1 x y 1
 = =  = =
−24 + 3 2 + 12 −3 − 4 −21 14 −7
−21 14
 x= = 3 and y = = −2 .
7 −7
Hence the solution is x = 3 and y= – 2.

Example.14 From Bangalore bus stand, if we buy 2 tickets to Malleswarm and 3 tickets to Yeshwanthpur,
the total cost is 46; but if we buy 3 tickets to Malleswarm and 5 tickets to Yeshwanthpur the
total cost is 74. Find the fares from Bangalore to Malleswarm and to Yeshwanthpur.
Solution.
Verbal Number Fare from Number Fare from
Model of • Banglore to + of • Bangalore to = Total
cost
 tickets Malleswarm tickets Yeshwanthpur

Labels Fare from Bangalore to Malleswarm = x


Fare from Bangalore to Yeshwanthpur = y

Algebraic 2x + 3y = 46 i.e. 2x + 3y – 46 = 0 ... (1)

Model 3x + 5y = 74 i.e. 3x + 5y – 74 = 0 ... (2)
By cross-multiplication,

x y 1
 = =
{3(−74) − (5)(−46)} {(−46)(3) − (−74)(2)} {(2)(5) − (3)(3)}
x y 1 x y
 = =  = 1 and =1
8 10 1 8 10
 x = 8 and y = 10
Fare form Bangalore to Malleswarm = 8
Fare from Bangalore to Yeshwanthpur = 10

Check Point - A

3x + 2y = 12
1. Solve graphically: 
5x – 3y = 1

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2. Ram is walking along line y = 3x and Shyam is walking along line y = 3x + 5. Represent the situation
graphically. Will they meet?

3. Solve using substitution :

(i) 3x + 2y = 13; 5x – 3y = 9 (ii) Solve 2x + 3y = 22, 3x – 2y = 7
4. Solve using elimination by equating the coefficients :
6 5 5 4
(i) 11x – 6y = 28, 2x + 3y = 1 (ii) − = 22, + =2
x y x y

5. Solve using cross multiplication method :

(i) 4x + 5y + 9 = 0 (ii) 8x – 7y = 19
3x + 4y + 8 = 0 10x – 9y = 23
Answers
1. x = 2, y = 3. 2. No 3. (i) x = 3 and y = 2 (ii) x = 5 and y = 4
1 1
4. (i) x = 2, y = –1 (ii) x = ,y=– 5. (i) x = 4 and y = –5 (ii) x = 5, y = 3
2 2

B. EQUATIONS OF THE FORM

(a) Equations of the form ax + by = c and bx + ay = d, where a  b

To solve the equations of the form :
ax + by = c ... (1)
and bx + ay = d ... (2)
where a  b, we follow the following steps :
Step-1 : Add (1) and (2) and obtain (a + b)x + (b + a) y = c + d,
c+d
i.e., x + y = ... (3)
a+b
c−d
Step-2 : Subtract (2) from (1) and obtain (a – b)x – (a – b) y = c– d. i.e., x – y = … (4)
a−b
Step-3 : Solve (3) and (4) to get x and y.
(b) Equations reducible to linear equations in two variables
Equations which contain the variables, only in the denominators, are called reciprocal equations. These
equations can be of the following types and can be solved by the under mentioned method :
a b a ' b'
Type-I : + = c and + = c'  a, b, c, a', b', c' R
u v u v
1 1
Put = x and = y and find the value of x and y by any method described earlier.
u v
1 1
Then u = and v =
x y
Type-II : au + bv = cuv and a'u + b'v = c'uv  a, b, c, a', b', c'R
Divide both equations by uv and equations can be converted in the form explained in (I).
a b a' b'
Type-III : + = k, + = k'
lx + my cx + dy lx + my cx + dy
 a, b, k, a', b', k'R
1 1
Put = u and =v
lx + my cx + dy
Then equations are au + bv = k and a'u + b'v = k'
1 1
Find the values of u and v and put in lx + my = and cx + dy =
u v
Again, solve for x and y, by any method explained earlier.
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Solved Examples

Example.15 Solve for x and y: 47x + 31y = 63, 31x + 47y = 15.
Solution. We have,
47x + 31y = 63 ... (1)
and 31x + 47y = 15 ... (2)
Adding (1) and (2), we get: 78x + 78y = 78  x + y = 1 ... (3)
Subtracting (2) from (1), we get : 16x – 16y = 48  x – y = 3 ... (4)
Now, adding (3) and (4), we get : 2x = 4  x = 2
Putting x = 2 in (3), we get : 2 + y = 1  y = – 1
Hence, the solution is x = 2 and y = –1

Example.16 Solve for x and y : 7x – 2y = 5xy and 8x + 7y = 15xy

7 2
Solution. 7x – 2y = 5xy = − = 5 ... (1)
y x
8 7
8x + 7y = 15xy = + = 15 ... (2)
y x
1 1
Putting = u and = v, we get
y x
7u – 2v = 5 ... (3)
9u + 7v = 15 ... (4)
Multiplying (3) by 7 and (4) by 2 and adding. we get
49u – 14v = 35
and 16u + 14v = 30
1
65 u = 65  u = 1  = 1 or y = 1
y
1
Substituting u = 1 in (3) we get : 7 – 2v = 5  v = 1  = 1 or x = 1
x
Hence, x = 1, y = 1.

57 6 38 21
Example.17 Solve + = 5 and + = 9.
x+y x−y x+y x−y
57 6 57 6
Solution. We have + =5 + −5= 0
x+y x−y x+y x−y
38 21 38 21
and + =9 + −9 = 0
x+y x−y x+y x−y
1 1
Let = p and = q.
x+y x−y
Then, the given equations can be written as
57p + 6q – 5 = 0 and 38p + 21q – 9 = 0
p q 1
By cross–multiplication method, we have
6 −5 57 6

21 −9 38 21

p q 1
 = =
6  (−9) − 21 (−5) (−5)  38 − (−9)  57 57  21 − 38  6
p q 1
 = =
−54 + 105 −190 + 513 1197 − 228

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 p q 1 51 1 323 1
 = =  p= = and q = =
54 323 969 969 19 969 3
1 1
But = p and = q. Therefore
x+y x−y
1 1
=  x + y = 19 …(1)
x + y 19
1 1
and = x–y=3 …(2)
x−y 3
Adding (1) and (2), we get 2x = 22  x = 11
Put x = 11 in (1), we get 11 + y = 19  y = 8
Hence, the solution is x = 11 and y = 8.

Check Point - B

1. Solve :
217x + 131y = 913
131x + 217y = 827

2. Solve :
152x – 378y = –74
–378x + 152y = – 604

Solve x and y :
1 1 2 1 1 1
3. − = ; − =
3x 7y 3 2x 3y 6
4. 6x + 5y = 8xy; 8x + 3y = 7xy
5. 9 + 25xy = 53x; 27 – 4xy = x
16 3 8 1
6. + = 5; − =0
x +3 y−2 x +3 y−2
24 13 26 8
7. − = 2; + =3
2x + y 3x + 2y 3x + 2y 2x + y

Answers
1. x = 3 and y = 2 2. x = 2 and y = 1 3. x = 1/5, y = 1/7 4. x = 1, y = 2
5. x = 3, y = 2, 6. x = 5, y = 3 7. x = 3, y = 2

C. ALGEBRAIC CONDITION FOR SOLVABILITY

(a) Unique Solution

Two lines a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0, if the denominator a1b2 – a2b1  0 then the given
system of equations has unique solution (i.e. only one solution) and solutions are said to be consistent.
a1 b1
 a1b2 – a2b1  0  
a 2 b2

(b) No Solution
Two lines a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0, if the denominator a1b2 – a2b1 = 0 then the given
system of equations have no solution and solutions are said to be inconsistent.
a1 b c
i.e. = 1  1
a 2 b2 c2

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(c) Many Solution (Infinite Solutions)
a1 b1 c1
Two lines a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0, if = = then system of equations has many
a 2 b2 c2
solution and solutions are said to be consistent.

(d) Dependent system

A system of equations with an infinite number of solutions is said to be dependent (Infinite many solutions).

(e) Independent system

A system of equations with only one solution is said to be independent (Unique solutions).
Conditions for solvability of simultaneous equations
Pair of linear equations Algebraic Graphical Algebraic
a1x + b1y + C1 = 0 conditions representation interpretation
a2x + b2y + C2 = 0
Consistent a1 b1 Intersecting lines Exactly one
(Independent)  solution
a 2 b2
(unique solution)
Consistent a1 b1 c1 Coincident lines Infinitely many
(Dependent) = = solutions
a 2 b2 c2
Inconsistent a1 b1 c1 Pair of parallel No solution
=  lines
a 2 b2 c2
(i) A system of equations has unique solution, when only one set of variables satisfies the system of equation.
(ii) For a system of equations, a unique solution is possible only when the number of variables is equal
to or less than number of independent and consistent equations.
e.g., 2x + 3y = 5, 7x + 5y = 20
and 2x + 3y = 5, 7x + 5y = 12, 5x + 8y = 13

(iii) The equation of the type ax + by + c = 0 and kax + kby + kc = 0 are known as dependent equations.
e.g., 2x + y = 11 ....... (1)
6x + 3y = 33 ....... (2)
Here equation (2) is the multiple of equation (1). Thus, there are basically both the equations same,
i.e., equation (2) is dependent on equation (1). In this case there are infinite number of solutions.
(iv) The equation of the type ax + by + c = 0 and kax + kby + c = 0 (where k  ) are known as
inconsistent equations.
e.g., 3x + 2y = 8 ... (1)
6x + 4y = 6 ... (2)
Properties of graphs of a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0
The lines a1x + b1y + c1 = 0 and a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 will be
(i) intersecting, if the system has a unique solution.
(ii) coincident, if the system has infinite number of solutions.
(iii) parallel, if the system has no solution.

Remarks:

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 91

Solved Examples

Example.18 In each of the following pairs of equations, determine whether the system has a unique solution,
no solution or infinitely many solutions :
(i) 2x + 5y = 17 (ii) x – 3y – 3 = 0 (iii) 4x + 6y = 7
Solution. The given pair of equations can be rewritten as
(i) 2x + 5y – 1 7 = 0
5x + 3y – 14 = 0
Here a1 = 2, b1 = 5 and c1 = – 17
a2 = 5, b2 = 3 and c2 = – 14
a 2 b 5
 1 = , 1 =
a 2 5 b2 3
a b
Clearly 1  1
a 2 b2
 The given pair of equations has a unique solution.
(ii) The given pair of equations is
x – 3y – 3 = 0
3x – 9y – 2 = 0
Here a1 = 1, b1 = – 3 and c1 = – 3
a2 = 3, b2 = – 9 and c2 = – 2
a 1 b1 −3 1 c −3 3
 1 = = = and 1 = =
a 2 3 b2 −9 3 c2 −2 2
a b c
 1 = 1  1.
a 2 b2 c2
 The given pair of equations has no solution.
(iii) The given pair of equations can be rewritten as
4x + 6y – 7 = 0
6x + 9y – 10.5 = 0
Here a1 = 4, b1 = 6 and c1 = – 7
a2 = 6, b2 = 9 and c2 = –10.5
a 4 2 b 6 2 c −7 2
 1 = = , 1 = = and 1 = =
a 2 6 3 b2 9 3 c2 −10.5 3
a b c
 1 = 1 = 1
a 2 b2 c2
 The given pair of equations has infinitely many solutions.

Example.19 For what value of k. the system of equations x + 2y = 5, 3x + ky + 15 = 0 has

(i) A unique solution (ii) No solution?
Solution. We have, x + 2y = 5  x + 2y – 5 = 0 and 3x + ky + 15 = 0.
a b
(i) The required condition for unique solution is : 1  1
a 2 b2
1 2
  k6
3 k
Hence, for all real values of k except 6, the given system of equations will have a unique solution.
a b c
(ii) The required condition for no solution is : 1 = 1  1
a 2 b2 c2
1 2 −5 1 2 2 −5
 =   = and 
3 k 15 3 k k 15
2 −1
 k = 6 and   k = 6 and k  –6
k 3
Hence the given system of equations will have no solution when k = 6.
H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 92
Example.20 Find the value of k for which the system of equations 4x + 5y = 0, kx + 10y = 0 has infinitely
many solutions.
Solution. The given system is of the form a1x + b1y = 0, a2x + b2y = 0
a1 = 4, a2 = k, b1 = 5, b2 = 10
a b
If the system has Infinitely many solutions, 1 = 1
a 2 b2
4 5
 =  k = 8.
k 10

Example.21 If the constant terms are zero in a simultaneous system of equations, will the system be
consistent always? If yes, explain.
Solution. Consider the following system :
a1x + b1y = 0 ... (1);
a2x + b2y = 0 ... (2)
As the constant terms are zero, equation (1) and (2) will pass through the origin.
As such, they will always Intersect at one point i.e. the origin.
Hence, such a system will always be consistent.

Example.22 Consider the following system of equations:

2x + 5y = 0 and 4x + 3y = 0
(a) If the system Is consistent, how many solution are possible, find them.
(b) If the coefficient of y in second equation is replaced by 10, will there be any change in the
number of solutions? Explain your answer.
Solution. (a) 2x + 5y = 0 ... (1)
4x + 3y = 0 ... (2)
Hence, a1 – 2, b1 = 5, a2 = 4, b2 – 3

a1 2 1 b 5
= = and 1 =
a2 4 2 b2 3
a b
 1  1
a 2 b2
 Given system is consistent and has unique solution.
−2x
2x + 5y = 0  y =
5
x 5 –5 0
y –2 2 0
Points are (5, – 2}, (– 5, 2), (0, 0)
−4x
4x + 3y = 0  y =
3
x 0 3 –3
y 0 –4 4
Points are (0, 0), (3, 2), (0, 0)
From the graph, we see that the two lines intersect at a point (0, 0). So, the solution of the
pair of linear equations is x = 0, y = 0.

(b) On replacing the coefficient of y in second equation by 10, we have :

2x + 5y = 0 ... (3)
4x + 10y = 0 ... (4)
a 2 1 b 5 1
Here 1 = = and 1 = =
a2 4 2 b 2 10 2

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 93

 a1 b1
 =
a 2 b2
 Now the system has infinite number of solutions.
−2x
2x + 5y = 0  y =
5
x 0 5 –5
y 0 –2 2
Points are (0, 0), (5, –2), (–2, 5)
−2x
4x + 10y = 0  y =
5
x 0 5 –5
y 0 –2 2
Points are (0, 0), (5, –2), (– 2, 5)
From the graph (see figure), we see that the two lines are coincident. So, the system has
infinitely many solutions.

Example.23 Find the value of ‘P’ for which the given system of equation has only one solution (i.e. unique
solution).
Px – y = 2 & 6x – 2y = 3.
Solution. a1 = P, b1 = –1, c1 = –2
a2 = 6, b2 = –2, c2 = –3
a b
Condition for unique solution is 1  1
a 2 b2
P −1 6
   P  P3
6 −2 2
 P can have all real values except 3.

Example.24 Find the value of k for which the system of linear equation kx + 4y = k – 4 & 16x + ky = k has
infinite solution.
Solution. a1 = k, b1 = 4, c1 = – (k – 4)
a2 = 16, b2 = k, c2 = –k
a b c
Here condition is 1 = 1 = 1
a 2 b2 c2
5 4 (k − 4)
 = =
16 k (k)
k 4 4 k−4
 = and =
16 k k k
 k2 = 64  4k = k2 – 4k
 k=±8  k2 – 8k = 0
 k(k – 8) = 0  k = 0 or k = 8.
But k = 0 is not possible other wise equation will be one variable.
 k = 8 is correct value for infinite solution.

Example.25 Determine the value of k so that the following linear equations has no solution
(3k + 1) x + 3y – 2 = 0 & (k2 + 1) x + (k – 2) y – 5 = 0.
Solution. Here a1 = 3k + 1, b1 = 3 and c1 = – 2
a2 = k2 + 1, b2 = k – 2 and c2 = – 5
a b c
For no solution, condition is 1 = 1  1
a 2 b2 c2
3k + 1 3 3k + 1 3 3 2
=  2 = and 
k2 + 1 k − 2 k +1 k − 2 k−2 5
H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 94
 3k + 1 3
Now, =
k +1 k − 2
2

 (3k + 1) (k – 2) = 3(k2 + 1)  3k2 – 5k – 2 = 3k2 + 3

 – 5k – 2 = 3  – 5k = 5
 k = –1
3 2
Clearly,  for k = –1.
k−2 5
Hence, the given system of equations will have no solution for k = –1.

Check Point - C

1. Which of the following pairs of equations have exactly unique solution, no solution and infinitely many
solutions?
(a) 5x – y + 6 = 0, 4x + 7y + 1 = 0 (b) 9x + 7y = 3, 7x + 9y = 3
(c) 2x – 5y = 6, 4x – 10y = 3 (d) x + 4y – 4 = 0, 3x + 12y = 12
(e) x + y = 10, x – y =10

2. Find the value of p if the equations 6x + py = 5, 3x + 4y = 2 has

(i) unique solution (ii) no solution.

3. Find value of k if 4x + 2y = k and 2x + 3y = 6 have unique solution.

4. Find value of k if kx – y = 5 and x + 3y = 8 have infinitely many solutions.

5. Find value of k if 3x + ky = 2 and 5x + y = 7 have no solution.

Answers
1. (a) Unique (b) Unique (c) No solution (d) Infinite solution
(e) Unique
2. (i) p  8 (ii) p = 8 3. Any real value
4. No real value 5. k = 3/5

D. WORD PROBLEMS

For solving daily–life problems with the help of simultaneous linear equation in two variables or
equations reducible to them proceed as :-
(i) Represent the unknown quantities by same variable x and y, which are to be determined.
(ii) Find the conditions given in the problem and translate the verbal conditions into a pair of
simultaneous linear equation.
(iii) Solve these equations & obtain the required quantities with appropriate units.

Type of Problems :
(i) Determining two numbers when the relation between them is given.
(ii) Problems regarding fractions, digits of a number, ages of persons.
(iii) Problems regarding current of a river, regarding time & distance.
(iv) Problems regarding mensuration and geometry.
(v) Problems regarding time & work.
(vi) Problems regarding mixtures, cost of articles, profit & loss, discount etc.

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 95

Solved Examples

Example.26 Find two numbers such that the sum of twice the first and thrice the second is 89 and four times
the first exceeds five times the second by 13.
Solution. Let the two numbers be x and y.
Then, equation formed are
2x + 3y = 89 ....(i)
4x – 5y = 13 ....(ii)
On solving equation (i) & (ii) we get
x = 22 and y = 15
Hence, required numbers are 22 & 15.

Example.27 The numerator of a fraction is 4 less than the denominator. If the numerator is decreased by 2
and the denominator is increased by 1, then the denominator is eight times the numerator, find
the fraction.
Solution. Let the numerator and denominator of a fraction be x and y
Then, equation formed are
y–x=4 ....(i)
y + 1 = 8 (x – 2) ....(ii)
On solving equation (i) & (ii) we get
x = 3 and y = 7
3
Hence, fraction is .
7

Example.28 A number consists of two digits, the sum of the digits being 12. If 18 is subtracted from the
number, the digits are reversed. Find the number.
Solution. Let the two digits number be 10y + x.
Then, equations formed are 10y + x – 18 = 10x + y
 y–x=2 ...(i)
and x + y = 12 ...(ii)
On solving equation (i) & (ii) we get
x = 5 and y = 7
Hence number is 75.
Example.29 The sum of a two-digit number and the number obtained by reversing the order of its digits is
165. If the digits differ by 3, find the number
Solution. Let unit digit be x ad ten’s digit be y. Then number = 10y + x.
According to problem (10 y + x) + (10x + y) = 165
 x + y = 15 ... (i)
and x–y=3 ... (ii)
or y–x=3 ... (iii)
On solving equation (i) and (ii) x = 9 and y = 6
 The number will be 69.
On solving equation (i) and (iii) x = 6 and y = 9
 The number will be 96.
Example.30 Six years hence a man’s age will be three times the age of his son and three years ago he was
nine times as old as his son. Find their present ages.
Solution. Let man’s present age be ‘x’ yrs & son’s present age be ‘y’ yrs.
According to problem
x + 6 = 3 (y + 6)
x – 3y = 12 ... (i)
and x – 3 = 9 (y – 3)
x – 9y = –24 ... (ii)
On solving equation (i) & (ii) x = 30 and y = 6.
So, the present age of man = 30 years and present age of son = 6 years.
H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 96
Example.31 A boat goes 12 km upstream and 40 km downstream in 8 hrs. It can go 16 km upstream and 32 km
downstream in the same time. Find the speed of the boat in still water and the speed of the stream.
Solution. Let the speed of the boat in still water be x km/hr and the speed of the stream be y km/hr.
Speed of boat in downstream = (x + y) km/hr
and speed of boat in upstream = (x – y) km/hr.
12
Time taken to cover 12 km upstream = hrs.
x−y
40
Time taken to cover 40 km downstream = hrs.
x+y
But, total time taken = 8 hr
12 40
 + =8 ...... (i)
x−y x+y
16
Time taken to cover 16 km upstream = hrs.
x−y
32
Time taken to cover 32 km downstream = hrs.
x+y
Total time taken = 8 hr
16 32
 + =8 ..... (ii)
x−y x+y
Solving equation (i) & (ii) x = 6 and y = 2.
Hence, speed of boat in still water = 6 km/hr and speed of stream = 2 km/hr.

Example.32 Ramesh travels 760 km to his home partly by train and partly by car. He takes 8 hr, if he travels
160 km by train and the rest by car. He takes 12 minutes more, if he travels 240 km by train and
the rest by car. Find the speed of train and the car.
Solution. Let the speed of train be x km/hr & car be y km/hr respectively.
According to problem
160 600 240 520 41
+ = 8 ..... (i) + = .....(ii)
x y x y 5
Solving equation (i) & (ii) x = 80 and y = 100.
Hence, speed of train = 80 km/hr and speed of car = 100 km/hr.

Example.33 Points A and B are 90 km apart from each other on a highway–a car starts from A and another
from B at the same time. If they go in the same direction, they meet in 9 hrs and if they go in
9
opposite directions, they meet in hrs. Find their speeds.
7
Solution. Let the speeds of the cars starting from A and B be x km/hr and y km/hr respectively.
According to problem
9x – 90 = 9y .....(i)
9 9
& x + y = 90 .....(ii)
7 7
Solving equation (i) & (ii) x = 40 & y = 30.
Hence, speed of car starting from point A = 40 km/hr & speed of car starting from point B = 30 km/hr.

Example.34 In a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, A = (2x + 11)º, B = (y + 12)º, C = (3y + 6)º and
D = (5x – 25)º, find the angles of the quadrilateral.
Solution. According to problem
(2x + 11)º + (3y + 6)º = 1800 .....(i)
and (y + 12)º + (5x – 25)º = 1800 .....(ii)
Solving equation (i) and (ii) x = 32º and y = 33º
 A = 75º, B = 45º, C = 105º, D = 135º.

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 97

Example.35 A vessel contains mixture of 24  milk and 6  water and a second vessel contain a mixture of
15  milk & 10  water. How much mixture of milk and water should be taken from the first
and the second vessel separately and kept in a third vessel so that the third vessel may contain a
mixture of 25  milk and 10 water ?
Solution. Let x of mixture be taken from 1st vessel & y of the mixture be taken from 2nd vessel and kept in
3rd vessel so that (x + y) of the mixture in third vessel may contain 25 of milk & 10 of water.
24 4 x
A mixture of x form 1st vessel contains x = of milk & of water and a mixture of y
30 5 5
3y 2y
from 2 vessel contains
nd
of milk & of water.
5 5
4 3
 x + y = 25 ....(i)
5 5
x 2
+ y = 10 ....(ii)
5 5
Solving equation (i) & (ii) x = 20 litres and y = 15 litres.
Example.36 A lady has 25 p and 50 p coins in her purse. If in all she has 40 coins totalling Rs. 12.50, find
the number of coins of each type she has.
Solution. Let the lady has x coins of 25 p and y coins of 50 p.
Then, according to problem
x + y = 40 .....(i)
and 25 x + 50 y = 1250 ......(ii)
Solving equation (i) and (ii)
x = 30 (25 p coins) & y = 10 (50 P coins).
Example.37 Students of a class are made to stand in rows. If one student is extra in a row, there would be 2
rows less. If one student is less in row, there would be 3 rows more. Find the total number of
students in the class.
Solution. Let x be the original number of rows & y be the original number of students in each row.
 Total number of students = xy.
According to problem
(y + 1) (x – 2) = x y .......(i)
and (y – 1) (x + 3) = xy .......(ii)
Solving (i) & (ii) to get
x = 12 & y = 5
 Total no. of students = 60.

Example.38 A man started his job with a certain monthly salary and earned a fixed increment every year. If
his salary was Rs.4500 after 5 years. of service and Rs. 5550 after 12 years of service, what was
his starting salary and what was his annual increment.
Solution. Let his initial monthly salary be Rs x and annual increment be Rs y.
Then, Acc. to problem
x + 5y = 4500 ....... (i)
x + 12 y = 5550 .......(ii)
Solving these two equations, we get x = Rs 3750, y = Rs 150.
So, starting salary = Rs. 3750 and annual increment = Rs. 150.

Example.39 A dealer sold a VCR and a TV for Rs. 38 0 making a profit of 12% on VCR and 15% on TV.
By Selling them for Rs. 38620, he would have realized a profit of 15% on VCR and 12% on
TV. Find the cost price of each.
Solution. Let C’P’ of VCR be Rs x & C’P’ of T.V. be Rs y.
According to problem
112 115
x+ y = 38560 ..... (i)
100 100
H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 98
 115 112
and x+ y = 38620 ....... (ii)
100 100
Solving equation (i) and (ii) x = Rs. 18000 & y = Rs. 16000.
So, C.P. of VCR = Rs. 18000 and C’P’ of T.V. = Rs. 16000.

Example.40 2x + 3y = 10. How many integral values of x and y ( 0) are possible ?

(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 2
Solution. 2x + 3y = 10
x 5 2 –1
y 0 2 4
only two values can satisfy.

Check Point - D

1. The cost of 5 pencils and 4 pens together is Rs.35 while the cost of 2 pencils and 3 pens together is
Rs.21. What is the price of a pencil and a pen?

2. In a farm there are some cows and hens. If the total number of heads is 35 and the total number of legs
is 98, how many cows and hens are there?

2 1
3. Find the fraction which becomes when numerator and denominator are increased by 1 and when
3 2
numerator and denominator are diminished by 1.

4. A certain number of two digits is four times the sum of its digits. If 9 is added to the number the digits
in the number are reversed. Find the number.

5. Six years ago, a man was three times as old as his son. In six years, he will be twice as old as his son.
Find their present ages.

6. If the length of a rectangle is increased by 8 metres and the breadth by 3 metres its area will be
increased by 200 square metres. Its length is increased by 3 metres and breadth increased by 8 metres
its area will be increased by 255 square metres. Find the length and breadth of the rectangle.

7. In a pen (a small enclosure) there are rabbits and pheasants (game birds). They have between them 35
heads and 98 feet. How many rabbits are there?

Answers
3
1. Rs.3 per pencil, Rs.5 per pen 2. 14 cow and 21 hens 3.
5
4. 12 5. 42 years and 18 years
6. Length of rectangle = 24 m, Breadth of rectangle = 13 m
7. 14 rabbits and 21 pheasants

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 99

 BOARD LEVEL EXERCISE

TYPE (I) : VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : [01 MARK EACH]
1. Do the following pair of linear equations have no solution ? Justify your answer.
(i) 2x + 4y = 3 (ii) x = 2y (iii) 3x + y – 3 = 0
2
12y + 6x = 6 y = 2x 2x + y = 2
3
2. Do the following equations represent a pair of coincident lines? Justify your answer.
1
(i) 3x + y = 3 and 7x + 3 y = 7
7
(ii) 2x – 3y = 1 and 6y + 4x = – 2
x 2 5
(iii) + y + = 0 and 4x + 8y + =0
2 5 16
3. Are the following pair of linear equations consistent? Justify your answer.
3 1 1 1
(i) –3x – 4y = 12 and 4y + 3x = 12 (ii) x – y = and x – 3y =
5 6 5 6
(iii) 2ax + by = a and 4ax + 2by – 2a = 0; a, b  0 (iv) x + 3y = 11 and 2(2x + 6 y) = 22
4. For all real values of c, the pair of equations
x – 2y = 8
5x – 10y = c
have a unique solution. Justify whether it is true or false.
TYPE (II) : SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS : [02 MARKS EACH]
5. For what value of k, do the equations 3x – y + 8 = 0 and 6x – ky = – 16 represent coincident lines ?
6. If the lines given by 3x + 2ky = 2 and 2x + 5 y + 1 = 0 are parallel, then the value of k is.
7. The value of c for which the pair of equations cx – y = 2 and 6x – 2y = 3 will have infinitely many
solutions is
8. For which value(s) of k will the pair of equations kx + 3y = k – 3 12x + ky = k have no solution ?
y
9. If 2x + y = 23 and 4x – y = 19, find the values of 5y – 2x and – 2.
x
10. Find the values of x and y in the following rectangle [see Figure].

TYPE (III) : LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS: [03 MARK EACH]

1
11. In a competitive examination, one mark is awarded for each correct answer while mark is deducted
2
for every wrong answer. Jayanti answered 120 questions and got 90 marks. How many questions she
answer correctly?

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 100
12. If x + 1 is a factor of 2x3 + ax2 + 2bx + 1, then find the values of a and b given that 2a – 3b = 4

13. Graphically, solve the following pair of equations :

2x + y = 6
2x – y + 2 = 0
Find the ratio of the areas of the two triangles formed by the lines representing these equations with x-
axis and the lines with the y-axis.

14. A motor boat can travel 30 km upstream and 28 km downstream in 7 hours. It can travel 21 km
upstream and return in 5 hours. Find the speed of the boat in still water and the speed of the stream.

15. A two-digit number is obtained by either multiplying the sum of the digits by 8 d then subtracting 5 or
by multiplying the difference of the digits by 16 and then adding 3. Find the number.

16. A railway half ticket costs half the full fare, but the reservation charges are the same on a half ticket as
on a full ticket. One reserved first class ticket from the station A to B costs Rs 2530–also, one reserved
first class ticket and one reserved first class half ticket from A to B cos Rs 3810. Find the full first class
fare from station A to B, and also the reservation charges for a ticket.

TYPE (IV): VERY LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS [04 MARK EACH]
17. Draw the graphs of the equations x = 3, x = 5 and 2x – y – 4 = 0. Also find the area of the quadrilateral
formed by the lines and the x-axis.

18. A shopkeeper sells a saree at 8% profit and a sweater at 10% discount, thereby, getting a sum Rs 1008.
If she had sold the saree at 10% profit and the sweater at 8% discount, she would have got Rs 1028.
Find the cost price of the saree and the list price (price before discount) of the sweater.

19. Susan invested certain amount of money in two schemes A and B, which offer interest at the rate of 8%
per annum and 9% per annum, respectively. She received Rs 1860 as annual interest. However, had she
interchanged the amount of investments in the two schemes, she would have received Rs 20 more as
annual interest. How much money did she invest in each scheme ?

20. Vijay had some bananas and he divided them into two lots A and B. He sold the first lot at the rate of
Rs 2 for 3 bananas and the second lot at the rate of Re 1 per banana, and got a total of Rs 400. If he had
sold the first lot at the rate of Re 1 per banana, and the second lot at the rate of Rs 4 for 5 bananas, his
total collection would have been Rs 460. Find the total number of bananas he had.

PREVIOUS YEARS PROBLEMS

1. Solve 37x + 43y = 123, 43x + 37y = 117

OR
6 8
Solve x + = 6, 3x – = 5. [2 MARKS/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2013, 2015]
y y

2. A and B are friends and their ages differ by a year–a's father D is twice as old as A and B is twice as old
as his sister C. The age of D and C differ by 40 years. Find the ages of A and B.
[3 MARKS/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2013]
OR
Solve the following pair of equations :
5 1
+ =2
x −1 y − 2
6 3
+ =1
x −1 y − 2

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 101
3. Form the pair of linear equations in the following problem, and find their solutions graphically. 10
students of Class X took part in a Mathematics quiz. If the number of girls is 4 more than the number of
boys, find the number of boys and girls who took part in the quiz.
[4 MARKS/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2013]

4. If the pair of linear equations 2x + 3y = 7 and 2x + ( + )  = 28 has infinitely many solutions, then
the values of  and  are : [1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2014]
(A) 3 & 5 (B) 4 & 8 (C) 4 & 7 (D) 4 & 5

5. The lines representing the linear equations 2x – y = 3 and 4x – y = 5

[1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2014]
(A) Intersect at a point (B) Are parallel
(C) Are coincident (D) Intersect at exactly two points

6. If the pair of linear equations 10x + 5y – (k – 5) = 0 and 20x + 10y – k = 0 have infinitely many
solutions, then the value of k is [1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2014]
(A) 2 (B) 11 (C) 10 (D) 8

7. 2 tables and 3 chairs together cost Rs. 3500 whereas 3 tables and 2 chairs together cost Rs. 4000. Find
the cost of a table and a chair. [2 MARKS/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2014]

8. Solve for x and y

y 8
4x + =
3 3
x 3y 5
+ =–
2 4 2
OR
The sum of the numerator and the denominator of a fraction is 8. If 3 is added to both the numerator
3
and the denominator, the fraction becomes . Find the fraction.
4
[3 MARKS/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2014]

9. Solve the following system of equations graphically and find the vertices of the triangle formed by
these lines and the x-axis.
4x – 3y + 4 = 0, 4x + 3y – 20 = 0 [4 MARKS/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2014]

10. If x = a, y = b is the solution of the equations x + y = 50 and 4x + 5y = 225, then the values of a and b
are respectively . [1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2015]
(A) 10 & 40 (B) 25 & 25 (C) 23 & 27 (D) 20 & 30

11. For what value of 'k' will the following pair of linear equations have infinitely many solution.
kx + 3y = k – 3
12x + ky = k [2 MARKS/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2015]

12. Solve the following pair of equations :

6 2
– = –1
x+y x−y
15 7
– = 10
x+y x−y
OR
Ram travels 760 km to his home, partly by train and partly by car. He takes 8 hours if he travels 160 km
by train and the rest by the car. He takes 12 minutes more if he travels 240 km by train and the rest by
car. Find the speed of the train and the car separately. [3 MARKS/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2015]

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 102
13. The value of k for which the pair of linear equations 4x + 6y – 1 = 0 and 2x + ky – 7 = 0, represents
parallel lines is [1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2016]
(A) 3 (B) –3 (C) 2 (D) –2

14. If the pair of linear equations

3x + 2y = 1
(2k + 1)x + (k + 2)y = k – 1
Has infinitely many solution, then the value of k is [1 MARK/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2016]
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 5

5 1 
+ = 2
x y 
15. Solve for x and y  x  0, y  0 [2 MARKS/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2016]
6 3
− =1 
x y 
16. A and B each have certain number of oranges. A says to B, "If you give me 10 of your oranges, I will
have twice the number of oranges left with you". B replies, "If you give me 10 of your oranges, I will
have the same number of oranges as left with you". Find the number of oranges with A and B
separately. [2 MARKS/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2016]

17. A two-digit number is obtained by either multiplying sum of the digits by 8 and adding 1 or by
multiplying the difference of the digits by 13 and adding 2. Find the number.
[3 MARKS/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2016]

18. Reena has pens and pencils which together are 40 in number. If she has 5 more pencils and 5 less pens,
then number of pencils would become 4 times the number of pens. Find the original number of pens
and pencils. [2 MARKS/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2017]

19. Places A and B are 100 km apart on a highway. One car starts from A and another from B at the same
time. If the cars travel in the same direction at different speeds, they meet in 5 hours. If they travel
towards each other, they meet in 1 hour. What are the speeds of the two cars ?
[4 MARKS/CBSE 10TH BOARD: 2017]
OR
Solve the following pair of equations :
10 2
+ =4
x+y x−y
15 5
+ = –2
x+y x−y

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 103
 EXERCISE – 01

SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Section (A) : Pair of Linear equation in two variables and method of solving
A-1. If (2, –3) is one of the solutions of the equation 5x – ay = 2 then find the value of a.

A-2. Solve the linear equation by substitution method :

x y
(i) x + 2y = –1 and 2x + 3y = 12 (ii) + = 2 and ax – by = a2 – b2
a a
A-3. Solve the linear equation by elimination method :
(i) 0.2 x + 0.3y – 0.11 = 0 and 0.7x – 0.5 y + 0.08 = 0.
x y 7 x y 6
(ii) + = and – = .
3 12 2 6 8 8

A-4. Solve the linear equation by cross multiplication method.

(i) 2x + 3y = 9 and 3x + 4y = 5 (ii) mx – ny = m2 + n2 and x – y = 2n

A-5. Solve each of the following pair of equations

7 6 8 9
(i) x – y = 15 and x = y .
3 2 3 2
1 1 1 1 2
(ii) + = 1 and + =1 .
3x 5y 5x 3y 15
(iii) (a – b) x + (a + b) y = a2 – 2ab – b2 and (a + b)(x + y) = a2 + b2
b a
(iv) x + y = a2 + b2 and x + y = 2ab
a b

A-6. Solve graphically and find the points where the given lines meets the y–axis :
2x + y – 11 = 0 and x – y –1 = 0.

A-7. Use single graph paper & draw the graph of the following equations. Obtain the vertices of the triangles
so obtained : 2y – x = 8, 5y – x = 14 and y – 2x = 1.

A-8. Draw the graph of x – y + 1 = 0 and 3x + 2y – 12 = 0. Calculate, the area bounded by these lines and x –axis.

Section (B) : Equation of the form

2 2 1 3 2
B-1. Solve : + = or + = 0
x 3y 6 x y

15 5 10 2
B-2. Solve : − = −2 or + =4
x+y x−y x+y x−y

160 600 240 520 4

B-3. Solve : + = 8 or + =
x y x y 5

Section (C) : Algebraic Condition for solvability

C-1. Find the number of solutions of the following pair of linear equations :
x + 2y – 8 = 0 and 2x + 4y = 16.

C-2. Find the value of k for which the given system of equations has a unique solution.
3x + 5y = 12 and 4x – 7y = k.

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 104
C-3. Find the value of k for which the following system of linear equation becomes infinitely many solutions
or represent the coincident lines 6x + 3y = k – 3 and 2k x + 6y = k.

C-4. Find the value of k or which the following systems of equations be Inconsistent.
2x + ky + k + 2 = 0 and kx + 8y + 3k = 0.

C-5. Find the value of m for which the pair of linear equations.
2x + 3y – 7 = 0 and (m – 1) x + (m + 1) y = (3m – 1) has infinitely many solutions.

Section (D) : Word problems

D-1. In a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD, A = (2x + 4)º, B = (y + 3)º, C = (2y + 10)º and D = (4x – 5)º
then find out the angles of quadrilateral.

D-2. The sum of the numerator and the denominator of fraction is 4 more than twice the numerator. If 3 is
added to each of the numerator and denominator, their ratio becomes 2 : 3. Find the fraction.

D-3. If a certain number is divided by the sum of its two digits, the quotient is 6 and remainder is 3. If the
digits are interchanged and the resulting number is divided by the sum of the digits, then the quotient is
4 and the remainder is 9. Find the number

D-4. 2 men and 3 boys together can do a piece of work in 8 days. The same work is done in 6 days by 3 men
and 2 boys together. How long would 1 boy alone or 1 man alone take to complete the work.

D-5. A man sold a chair and a table together for Rs. 1520 thereby making a profit of 25% on chair and 10%
on table. By selling them together for Rs. 1535 he would have made a profit of 10% on the chair and
25% on the table. Find cost price of each.

D-6. Abdul travelled 300 km by train and 200 km by taxi taking 5 hours 30 minutes. But, if he travels 260 km by
train and 240 km by taxi, he takes 6 minutes longer. Find the speed of the train and that of the taxi.

Based on articles and their costs

D-7. 4 tables and 3 chairs together cost 2250 and 3 tables and 4 chairs cost 1950. Find the cost of 2 chairs
and 1 table.

D-8. A and B each have a certain number of mangoes. A says to B, “if you give 30 of your mangoes, I will
have twice as many as left with you.” B replies, “if you give me 10, I will have thrice as many as left
with you.” How many mangoes does each have?

D-9. A man has only 20 paisa coins and 25 paisa coins in his purse. If he has 50 coins in all totalling 11.25,
how many coins of each kind does he have?

Based on numbers
D-10. The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 15. The number obtained by reversing the order of digits
of the given number exceeds the given number by 9. Find the given number.

D-11. The sum of a two-digit number and the number formed by interchanging its digits is 110. If 10 is
subtracted from the first number, the new number is 4 more than 5 times the sum of its digits in the first
number. Find the first number.

Based on fractions
D-12. The sum of the numerator and denominator of a fraction is 4 more than twice the numerator. If the
numerator and denominator are increased by 3, they are in the ratio 2 : 3. Determine the fraction.

D-13. The sum of the numerator and denominator of a fraction is 3 less than twice the denominator. If the
numerator and denominator are decreased by 1, the numerator becomes half the denominator.
Determine the fraction.

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 105
Based on ages
D-14. Five years hence, father's age will be three times the age of his son. Five years ago, father was seven
times as old as his son. Find their present ages.

D-15. Father's age is three times the sum of ages of his two children. After 5 years his age will be twice the
sum of ages of two children. Find the age of father.

Based on time, distance and speed

D-16. Points A and Bare 80 km. apart from each other on a highway. A car starts from A and another from
Bat the same time. If they move in the same direction, they meet in 8 hours and if they move in
opposite directions, they meet in one hour and twenty minutes. Find the speeds of the two cars.

D-17. Rahul travels 600 km to his home partly by train and partly by car. He takes 8 hours if he travels 120
km by train and the rest by car. He takes 20 minutes longer if he travels 200 km by train and the rest by
car. Find the speed of the train and the car.

D-18. The boat goes 30 km upstream and 44 km downstream in 10 hours. In 13 hours, it can go 40 km
upstream and 55 km downstream. Determine the speed of stream and that of the boat in still water.

1
D-19. A man walks a certain distance with certain speed. If he walks km an hour faster, he takes 1 hour
2
less. But, if he walks 1 km an hour slower, he takes 3 more hours. Find the distance covered by the man
and his original rate of walking.

D-20. A train covered a certain distance at a uniform speed. If the train would have been 6 km/h faster, it
would have taken 4 hours less than the scheduled time. And. if the train were slower by 6 km/h, it
would have taken 6 hours more than the scheduled time. Find the length of the journey.

Based on geometrical applications

D-21. In a ABC, C = 3B = 2 (A + B). Find the three angles.
D-22. Find the four angles of a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD in which A = (2x – 1)º, B = (y + 5)º, C = (2y
+ 15)º and D = (4x – 7)º.
D-23. A man sold a chair and a table together for Rs.1520 thereby making a profit of 25% on the chair and
10% on table. By selling them together for Rs.1535 he would have made a profit of 10% on the chair
and 25% on the table. Find the cost price of each.
D-24. 8 men and 12 boys can finish a piece of work in 10 days while 6 men and 8 boys can finish it in 14
days. Find the time taken by one man alone and that by one boy alone to finish that work.

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Section (A) : Pair of Linear equation in two variables and method of solving
A-1. If x = y, 3x – y = 4 and x + y + z = 6 then the value of z is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) 3 (D) 4

1 1 1
A-2. If – = , then z will be
x y z
y−x xy
(A) y – x (B) x – y (C) (D)
xy y−x

2
A-3. The graphs of 2x + 3y – 6 = 0, 4x – 3y – 6 = 0, x = 2 and y = intersects in
3
(A) Four points (B) one point (C) two point (D) infinite no. of points

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 106
A-4. If x = a, y = b is the solutions x – y = 2 and x + y = 4, then the values of a and b are, respectively
(A) 3 and 5 (B) 5 and 3 (C) 3 and 1 (D) –1 and –3

A-5. The pair of equations x = a and y = b graphically represents lines which are
(A) parallel (B) intersecting at (b, a) (C) coincident (D) intersecting at (a, b)

Section (B) : Equation of the form

25 3 40 2
B-1. On solving – = 1, – = 5 we get :
x+y x−y x+y x−y
(A) x = 8, y = 6 (B) x = 4, y = 6 (C) x = 6, y = 4 (D) None of these

m n n m
B-2. The solution of the equations + = a, + = b is given by :
x y x y
n 2 + m2 m2 − n 2 m2 − n 2 n 2 − m2
(A) x = ,y= (B) x = ,y=
am − bn bm − an am − bn bm − an
m2 − n 2 m2 − n 2 n 2 − m2 n 2 − m2
(C) x = ,y= (D) x = ,y=
am − bn bm − an am − bn bm − an

B-3. A boat travels with a speed of 15 km/hr in still water. If a river flowing at 5 km/hr, the boat travels
some distance downstream and then returns. The ratio of average speed to the speed in still water is
(A) 8 : 3 (B) 3 : 8 (C) 8 : 9 (D) 9 : 8

B-4. 2 men and 3 boys together can do a piece of work in 8 days. The same work is done in 6 days by 3 men
and 2 boys together. How long would 1 boy alone and 1 man alone take to complete the work
independently?
(A) 40 days, 120 days (B) 120 days, 40 days (C) 20 days, 120 days (D) 120 days, 20 days

B-5. A sailor goes 12 km downstream in 2 hours and returns to the starting point in 3 hours. Find the speed
of the sailor in still water and the speed of the current.
(A) 5 km/hr, 1 km/hr (B) 1 km/hr, 5 km/hr (C) 4 km/hr, 1 km/hr (D) 3 km/hr, 1 km/hr

B-6. If 173x + 197y = 149 and 197x + 173y = 221, then find (x, y).
(A) (3, – 2) (B) (2, 1) (C) (1, – 2) (D) (2, –1)

Section (C) : Algebraic Condition for solvability

C-1. The system of linear equation ax + by = 6, cx + dy = 8 has no solution if
(A) ad – bc > 0 (B) ad – bc < 0 (C) ad + bc = 0 (D) ad – bc = 0

C-2. If the system 2x + 3y – 5 = 0, 4x + ky – 10 = 0 has an infinite number of solutions then

3 3
(A) k = (B) k  (C) k  6 (D) k = 6
2 2

C-3. The value of k for which the pair of linear equations 4x + 6y – 1 = 0 and 2x + ky – 7 = 0 represents
parallel lines is
(A) k = 3 (B) k = 2 (C) k = 4 (D) k = – 2

C-4. The pair of linear equations 3x + 4y + 5 = 0 and 12x + 16y + 15 = 0 have

(A) unique solution (B) many solutions (C) no solution (D) exactly two solutions

C-5. One equation of a pair of dependent linear equations is –5x + 7y = 2, the second equation will be
(A) 10x + 14y + 4 = 0 (B) –10x – 14y + 4 = 0 (C) –10x + 14y + 4 = 0 (D) 10x – 14y = – 4

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 107
C-6. Match the column
(i) 2x + 5y = 10 (A) Unique solution
3x + 4y = 7
(ii) 2x + 5y = 10 (B) Infinitely many solution
6x + 15y = 20
(iii) 5x + 2y = 10 (C) No solution
10x + 4y = 20
(A) (i) – A, (ii) – B, (iii) – C (B) (i) – B, (ii) – C, (iii) – A
(C) (i) – A, (ii) – C, (iii) – B (D) (i) – C, (ii) – A, (iii) – B

Section (D) : Word problems

D-1. The sum of two numbers is 20, their product is 40. The sum of their reciprocal is
1 1
(A) (B) 2 (C) 4 (D)
2 10

D-2. If Rs. 50 is distributed among 150 children giving 50 p to each boy and 25 p to each girl. Then the
number of boys is
(A) 25 (B) 40 (C) 36 (D) 50

D-3. If in a fraction 1 less from two times of numerator (x) & 1 add in denominator (y) then new fraction
will be
 x −1 2(x + 1) x 2 x−1
(A) 2   (B) (C) 2   (D)
 y + 1  y +1  
y y +1

D-4. The father’s age is six times his son’s age. Four years hence, the age of the father will be four times his
son’s age. The present ages, in years, of the son and the father are, respectively
(A) 4 and 24 (B) 5 and 30 (C) 6 and 36 (D) 3 and 24

D-5. The difference between a two digit number and the number obtained by the interchanging the digits is
27. What is the difference between the two digits of the number ?
(A) 9 (B) 6 (C) 12 (D) 3

EXERCISE – 02

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
1. Two non negative real numbers ‘x’ and ‘y’ are such that 2x + y = 5. The sum of the maximum and
minimum values of (x + y) is :
(A) 2 (B) 5 (C) 8 (D) 7.5
2. If the system of equations px + qy = 8, 3x – qy= 38 has the solution (x, y) = (2, – 4), then p is equal to :
(A) 20 (B) 8 (C) 40 (D) 21.5
3. Real numbers a and b satisfy the equations 3a = 81b + 2 and 125b = 5a – 3. The value of ab, is :
(A) 17 (B) 9 (C) 12 (D) 60
4. If 29x + 37y = 103, 37x + 29y = 95, then :
(A) x = 1, y = 2 (B) x = 2, y = 1 (C) x = 2, y = 3 (D) x = 3, y = 2

2x y x y
5. + = 2, – =4:
a b a b
2 2 2 2
(A) , (B) 2a, –2b (C) –2a, 2b (D) ,−
a b a b

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 108
6. If x = 2 and x = 3 are roots of the equation 3x2 – 2kx + 2m = 0 then (k, m) = :
 15   15  9 
(A)  ,9  (B)  9,  (C)  ,15  (D) (15, 8)
 2   2   2 
3x − y + 1 2x + y + 2 3x + 2y + 1
7. The solution of the equations = = given by :
3 5 6
(A) x = 2, y = 1 (B) x = 1, y = 1 (C) x = –1, y = –1 (D) x = 1, y = 2

8. In the graph, co-ordinates of the point P are :

(A) (4, 4) (B) (5, 3) (C) (3, 2) (D) (2, 3)

9. Given 3x – 4y = 7 and x + cy = 13, for what value of “c” will the two equation not have a solution ?
3 4 −4
(A) (B) (C) – 4 (D)
4 3 3
10. For what value of k, the system of equations kx + 2y = 2 and 3x + y = 1 will be coincident ?
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 6

11. The equations 2x – 3y + 5 = 0 and 6y – 4x = 10, when solved simultaneously, have :

(A) only one solution (B) no solution
(C) only two solutions (D) infinite number of solutions

12. If 2a = b, the pair of equations ax + by = 2a2 – 3b2, x + 2y = 2a – 6b possess :

(A) no solution (B) only one solution
(C) only two solutions (D) an infinite number of solutions

13. If the system of equations 3x + 4y = 12 and (a + b) x + 2 (a – b) y = 5a – 1 has infinitely many solutions

then a & b satisfy the equation
(A) a – 5b = 0 (B) 5a – b = 0 (C) a + 5b = 0 (D) 5a + b = 0

p
14. Let be a fraction expressed in the lowest form. If the numerator is increased by 2 and the
q
1
denominator is increased by 1, the resulting fraction equals . If, however, the numerator is increased
2
3
by 1 and the denominator is decreased by 2, the resulting fraction equals . The value of (p + q) equals
5
(p, q are natural number)
(A) 7 (B) 9 (C) 12 (D) 13

15. The digit in the ten’s place of a two-digit number is three times that in the one’s place. If the digits are
reversed the new number will be 36 less than the original number. Find the number.
(A) 64 (B) 52 (C) 62 (D) 42

16. The sum of the present ages of father and his son is 60 years. 6 years ago, father’s age was five times
the age of the son–after six years son’s age will be :
(A) 20 years (B) 14 years (C) 12 years (D) 18 years

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 109
17. After covering a distance of 30 km with a uniform speed there is some defect in a train engine and therefore,
its speed is reduced to 4/5 of its original speed. Consequently, the train reaches its destination late by 45
minutes. Had it happened after covering 18 kilometers more, the train would have reached 9 minutes earlier.
Find the speed of the train and the distance of journey.
(A) Speed = 40 km/hr, Distance = 160 km (B) Speed = 20 km/hr, Distance = 100 km
(C) Speed = 30 km/hr, Distance = 120 km (D) Speed = 35 km/hr, Distance = 140 km

18. A wizard having powers of mystic in conditions and magical medicines seeing a cock, fight going on,
spoke privately to both the owners of cocks. To one he said; if your bird wins, than you give me your
stake-money, but if you do not win, I shall give you two third of that. Going to the other, he promised
in the same way to give three fourths. From both of them his gain would be only 12 gold coins. Find the
stake of money each of the cock-owners have.
(A) 27 gold coins & 30 gold coins respectively. (B) 12 gold coins & 20 gold coins respectively.
(C) 33 gold coins & 30 gold coins respectively. (D) 42 gold coins & 40 gold coins respectively.

19. Two candles of equal length start burning at the same instant. One of the candles burns in 5 hrs–and the
other in 4 hrs. By the time one candle is 2 times the length of the other. The candles have already burnt for :
1 1 1 1
(A) 2 hrs. (B) 3 hrs. (C) 3 hrs. (D) 3 hrs.
2 2 9 3

20. The sum of digits of a two-digit number is 7 and the ten’s place digit is 25% less than the unit’s place
digit. What is the number ?
(A) 25 (B) 43 (C) 16 (D) 34

21. At a certain fast food restaurant, Amit can buy 3 burgers, 7 shakes and one order of fries for Rs.120–at
the same place, it would cost Rs.164.50 for 4 burgers, 10 shakes and one order of fries. How much
would it cost for an ordinary meal of one burger, one shake and one order of fries ?
(A) Rs. 31 (B) Rs. 41 (C) Rs. 21 (D) Cannot be determined

22. Five years ago, A was three times as old as B and ten years later, A shall be twice as old as B. What are
the present ages of A and B (in years) ?
(A) 45, 15 (B) 30, 40 (C) 50, 30 (D) 50, 20

23. Shyam visited Ram during his brief vacation. In the mornings they both would go for yoga. In the
evenings they would play tennis. To have more fun, they indulge only on one activity per day, i.e. either
they went for yoga or played tennis each day. There were days when they were lazy and stayed home all
day long. There were 24 mornings when they did nothing, 14 evenings when they stayed at home and a
total of 22 days when they did yoga or played tennis. For how many days Shyam stayed with Ram ?
(A) 20 (B) 25 (C) 30 (D) 40

24. The sum of two numbers is 8. If their sum is four times their difference, find the numbers.
(A) 6, 2 (B) 7, 1 (C) 5, 3 (D) 6, 3

25. If three times the larger of two number is divided by the smaller, the quotient and the remainder, each is
equal to 6. If five times the smaller is divided by the larger, the quotient is 2 and the remainder is 3. The
smaller number is :
(A) 6 (B) 7 (C) 8 (D) 9

26. The ratio of the number of boys and girls in a school is 3 : 2. If 20% of the boys and 30% of the girls
are scholarship holders, the percentage of the students who are not scholarship holders is :
(A) 50 (B) 72 (C) 75 (D) 76

27. The area of a rectangle gets reduced by 9 m2 if its length is reduced by 5 m and breadth increased by 3
m. If we increase the length by 3 m and breadth by 2 m, the area is increased by 67 m 2. The length of
the rectangle is :
(A) 9 m (B) 15.6 m (C) 17 m (D) 18.5 m

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 110
28. Four years ago, father's age was 6 times that of his son. Twelve years from now, father's age will be
twice that of the son. What is the ratio of father and son's present ages ?
(A) 6 : 1 (B) 7 : 1 (C) 8 : 2 (D) 7 : 2

29. Shubham travels 760 km to his home partly by train and partly by car. He takes 8 hours if he travels
160 km by train and the rest by car. He takes 12 minutes more if he travels 240 km by train and the rest
by car. Find the speed of the train and the car respectively (in km/hr.).
(A) 40, 80 (B) 60, 120 (C) 80, 100 (D) 100, 120

30. The sum and product of two numbers is 20 and 40 respectively. The sum of the reciprocal of the
numbers will be
1 1
(A) (B) (C) 4 (D) 2
2 10
31. A change making machine contains 1 rupee, 2 rupee and 5 rupee coins. The total number of coins is
300. The amount is Rs. 960. If the number of 1 rupee coins and the number of 2 rupee coins are
interchanged, the value comes down by Rs. 40. The total number of 5 rupee coins is
(A) 100 (B) 140 (C) 60 (D) 150
32. 2x + 3y = 10. How many integral values of x and y ( 0) are possible ?
(A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 4 (D) 2

33. The course of an enemy submarine as plotted on a set of rectangular axes gives the equation 2x + 3y = 5. On
the same axes, the course of destroyer is indicated by x – y = 10. The point (x, y) at which the submarine can
be destroyed is :
(A) (–3, 7) (B) (7, –3) (C) (–7, 3) (D) (3, –7)
34. The pair of equations x = 0 and y = – 7 has
(A) One solution (B) Two solutions
(C) Infinitely many solutions (D) No solution

35. The pair of equations x = a and y = b graphically represents lines which are
(A) Parallel (B) Intersecting at (b, a) (C) Coincident (D) Intersecting at (a, b)

36. If a pair of linear equations is consistent, then the lines will be

(A) Parallel (B) Always coincident
(C) Intersecting or coincident (D) Always intersecting

37. One equation of a pair of dependent linear equations is – 5x + 7y = 2. The second equation can be
(A) 10x + 14y + 4 = 0 (B) – 10x – 14y + 4 = 0
(C) – 10x + 14y + 4 = 0 (D) 10x – 14y = – 4

2
38. The pair of linear equations 2x + ky – 3 = 0, 6x + y + 7 = 0 has a unique solution if
3
2 2 2 2
(A) k = (B) k  (C) k = (D) k 
3 3 9 9

39. The pair of linear equations 3x + 5y = 3, 6x + ky = 8 do not have any solution if

(A) k = 5 (B) k = 10 (C) k  l0 (D) k  5

k
40. The pair of linear equations 7x – 3y = 4, 3x + y = 4 is consistent only when
7
(A) k = 9 (B) k = – 9 (C) k  9 (D) k  7

41. The pair of linear equations 2x + ky = k, 4x + 2y = k + 1 has infinitely many solutions if

(A) k = 1 (B) k  1 (C) k = 2 (D) k = 4

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 111
42. The pair of linear equations x + y = 3, 2x + 5y = 12 has a unique solution x = x1, y = y1 then value of x1 is
(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) –1 (D) – 2
43. The pair of linear equations x + 2y = 5, 3x + 12y = 10 has
(A) Unique solution (B) No solution
(C) More than two solutions (D) Infinitely many solutions
44. For what value of k, do the equations 3x – y + 8 = 0 and 6x – ky = – 16 represent coincident lines?
(A) 1/2 (B) – 1/2 (C) 2 (D) – 2

45. The graphical representation of the pair of equations 2x + 4y – 15 = 0 and x + 2y – 4 = 0 gives a pair of
(A) Parallel lines (B) Intersecting lines (C) Coincident lines (D) None of these

46. If 2x – 3y = 7 and (a + b) x – (a + b – 3) y = 4a + b have infinite solutions (a, b) =

(A) (–5, –1) (B) (–5, 1) (C) (5, 1) (D) (5, – 1)

47. If (6, k) is a solution of the equation 3x + y – 22 = 0, then the value of k is

(A) – 4 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) – 3

48. If A: Homogeneous system of linear equations is always consistent.

R: x = 0, y = 0 is always a solution of the homogeneous system of equations with unknowns x and y,
then which of the following statement is true?
(A) A is true and R is the correct explanation of A
(B) A is false and R is not a correct explanation of A
(C) A is true and R is false
(D) A is false and R is true

49. Three chairs and two tables cost 1850. Five chairs and three tables cost 2850. Then the total cost of
one chair and one table is
(A) 800 (B) 850 (C) 900 (D) 950

50. A man, when asked how many hens and buffaloes he has, told that his animals have 120 eyes and 180
legs. How many hens and buffaloes has he?
(A) 30, 30 (B) 40, 20 (C) 50, 10 (D) 35, 15

4
51. A fraction becomes when 1 is added to each of the numerator and denominator. However, if we
5
1
subtract 5 from each then it becomes . The fraction is
2
5 5 7 13
(A) (B) (C) (D)
8 6 9 16

52. If the sum of the ages of a father and his son in years is 65 and twice the difference of their ages in
years is 50, then the age of the father is
(A) 45 years (B) 40 years (C) 50 years (D) 55 years

53. The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9. If 27 is added to it, the digits of the number get
reversed. The number is
(A) 25 (B) 72 (C) 63 (D) 36
54. The larger of two supplementary angles exceeds the smaller by 24 degrees. Then the angles are
(A) 112º, 88º (B) 102º, 78º (C) 92º, 68º (D) 122º, 98º
55. A half-ticket issued by railway costs half the full fare but the reservation charge is the same on half
ticket as on full-ticket. One full reserved first-class ticket for a journey between two stations costs 362
and one full and one half reserved first class ticket costs 554. The reservation charge is
(A) 18 (B) 22 (C) 38 (D) None

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 112
56. A test has 50 questions. A student scores 1 mark for a correct answer, – 1/3 for a wrong answer and – 1/6
for not attempting a question. If the net score of a student is 32, the number of questions answered
wrongly by that student cannot be less than
(A) 6 (B) 12 (C) 3 (D) 9

57. A three-digit number abc is 459 more than the sum of its digits. What is the sum of the 2-digit number
ab and the 1-digit number a?
(A) 71 (B) 61 (C) 51 (D) Cannot be determine

58. If 2x + 3y = 7 and (p + q) x + 2 (p – q) y = 21, then the values of p and q are (given that the system has
infinite solutions)
21 3
(A) p = 10, q = 3 (B) p = 5, q = 2 (C) p = ,q= (D) p = 10, q = 2
4 4

59. If (3k + 1)x + 3y – 2 = 0 and (k2 + 1) x + (k – 2)y – 5 = 0 then the value of 'k' for which the given
equations have no solution is
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) – 2 (D) – 1

4
60. The length of the sides of a triangle are 3x + 2y, 4x + y and 3(x + 1) + 2(y- 1). If the triangle is
3
equilateral, then length of its side is
(A) 8 units (B) 10 units (C) 12 units (D) 16 units

x y z
61. The solution of the equations = = ; 7x + 8y + 5z = 62 is
4 3 2
(A) {4, 3, 2} (B) {2, 3, 4} (C) {3, 4, 2} (D) {4, 2, 3}

62. If (p, p) is the solution of system of equations ax + by + (t – s) = 0 and bx + ay + (s – r) = 0, (a  b),

then which of the following must be true?
(A) 2r = s + t (B) 2t = r + s (C) 2s = r + t (D) r + s + t = 0

63. A mother said to her son, “The sum of our present ages is twice my age 12 years ago and nine years hence,
the sum of our ages will be thrice my age 14 years ago”. What is her son's present age (in years)?
(A) 8 (B) 12 (C) 15 (D) 10

64. Swati starts her job with certain monthly salary and earns a fixed increment every year. If her salary
was 22500 per month after 6 years of service and 30000 per month after 11 years of service, then
find her monthly salary (in ) after 8 years of service.
(A) 24000 (B) 25500 (C) 26000 (D) 24500

65. The demand for fertilizer product is given by p + 5q = 21 and the supply is determined by p – 2q = 7,
where p and q denote the price of the commodity and q is the number of units of fertilizer product
supplied. If a man wants to buy q units of fertilizer product, then the amount paid by him is
(A) 22 (B) 30 (C) 32 (D) 24

66. The quantity of fat in a kilogram of food A plus the quantity of protein in a kilogram of food A is 100 g.
The quantity of protein in a kilogram of food A minus twice the quantity of fat in a kilogram of food A
is 10 g. How many grams of protein are there in a kilogram of food A?
(A) 30 (B) 45 (C) 0 (D) 70

67. Ram and Mohan are friends. Each has some money. If Ram gives 30 to Mohan, then Mohan will have
twice the money left with Ram. But, if Mohan gives 10 to Ram, then Ram will have thrice as much as
left with Mohan. How much money does each have?
(A) 62, 34 (B) 6, 2 (C) 170, 124 (D) 43, 26

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 113
68. Find A of a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD in which A = (4x + 20)º, B = (3x – 5)º, C = (4y)º and
D = (7y + 5)º.
(A) 70° (B) 120° (C) 60° (D) 110°

69. Shyam had 85 currency notes in all, some of which were of 100 denomination and the remaining of
50 denomination. The total amount of all these currency notes was 5000. How much amount in rupees
did he have in the denomination of 50?
(A) 3500 (B) 70 (C) 15 (D) 1500

70. A student was asked to divide a number by 17/8. Instead, he actually multiplied it by 17/8 and hence
got 225 more than the expected answer. What was the expected answer?
(A) 126 (B) 136 (C) 64 (D) None of these

71. To a proper fraction , when six is added to the numerator and the denominator is increased by its 50%,
1
the ratio becomes and when the numerator is multiplied by 4 and denominator is reduced by 8, then
2
the fraction becomes 3. The fraction (simplified) can be
1 15 33
(A) (B) (C) (D) None of these
3 28 51

72. At the first stop on his route, a driver unloaded 2/5 of the packages in his van. After be unloaded
another three packages at his next stop, 1/2 of the original number of packages remained. How many
packages were in the van before the first delivery?
(A) 25 (B) 10 (C) 30 (D) 36

73. The pair of equations 3x + y = 81; 81x – y = 3 has

1 7
(A) no solution (B) the solution x = 2 , y = 1
2 8
1 7
(C) the solution x = 2, y = 2 (D) the solution x = 2 , y = 1
8 8

74. A lending library has a fixed charge for the first three days and an additional charge for each day
thereafter. Sanchit paid 45 for a book kept for 7 days, while Karan paid 25 for the book he kept for
5 days. The fixed charge and the charge for each extra day is
(A) 5 and 10 (B) 10 and 5 (C) 15 and 5 (D) 5 and 15

75. How can the relationship between x and y be best defined, if values of x and yare as follows?
x 2 3 4 5 6
y 0 2 6 12 20
(A) y = 2x – 4 (B) y = x2 – 3x + 2 (C) y = x2 – 4x (D) y = x2 – 4

76. There were 35 students in a hostel. If the number of students increases by 7, the expenses of the mess
increase by 42 per day while the average expenditure per head diminished by 1. Find the original
expenditure of the mess.
(A) 480 (B) 520 (C) 420 (D) 460

77. In a ABC, A = xº, B = yº and C = (y + 20)º. If 4x – y = 10, then the triangle is

(A) right angled (B) obtuse angled (C) equilateral (D) None of these

78. There are two examination rooms A and B. If 10 candidates are sent from room A to room B, the
number of candidates in each room is the same, while if 20 are sent from room B to room A, the
number of candidates in room A becomes double the number of candidates in room B. The number of
candidates in each room are respectively
(A) 80 and 100 (B) 100 and 80 (C) 80 and 120 (D) 100 and 60

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 114
79. In an examination there are 30 questions. 1 mark is given for each correct answer and 0.25 is deducted
for every incorrect answer. Ankur attempted all the questions and scored 13. 75. How many incorrect
answers did he have?
(A) 10 (B) 11 (C) 12 (D) 13

80. The monthly incomes of A and Bare in the ratio 8: 7 and their expenditures are in the ratio 19 : 16. If
each saves 5000 per month, find the monthly income of each.
(A) A = 24000, B = 21000 (B) A = 3000, B = 21000
(C) A= 21000, B = 24000 (D) None of these

EXERCISE – 03

NTSE PROBLEMS (PREVIOUS YEARS)

15 2
1. If + = 17 and x = 3, then value of y is : [Raj. NTSE Stage-1 2006]
x y
1 1 1 1
(A) (B) (C) – (D) –
6 5 6 5

2. For which values of 'a' and 'b' does the following pair of linear equations have an infinite number of
solutions 2x + 3y = 7, (a – b) x + (a + b) y = 3a + b – 2. [Raj. NTSE Stage-1 2013]
(A) a = 5, b = 1 (B) a = 4, b = 2 (C) a = 1, b = 5 (D) a = 2, b = 4

3. If 5x – 2y = k one of answer is (2, –2), then k = ................ [Gujarat NTSE Stage-1 2013]
(A) –40 (B) 6 (C) 14 (D) 10

4. Age of Ramesh is x. Ramesh is 5 years older than Mahesh, but 3 years younger than suresh, then
suresh's age is ............years. [Gujarat NTSE Stage-1 2013]
(A) x + 3 (B) x + 5 (C) x + 5 (D) x – 8

2x x
5. Solve equation : + 1 = + 3, then x = ............... [Gujarat NTSE Stage-1 2013]
5 3
(A) 10 (B) 40 (C) 30 (D) 15

7 5
6. If x + y = 5 ; 4x + 2y = 7, then what is the value of x – y ? [Maharashtra NTSE Stage-1 2013]
2 2
(A) 1 (B) 4 (C) 2 (D) –2
7. A farmer divides his herd of x cows among his 4 son's such that first son gets one-half of the herd, the
second son gets one fourth, the third son gets one-fifth and the fourth son gets 7 cows, then the value of
x is : [MP_NTSE Stage-1_2013]
(A) 100 (B) 140 (C) 160 (D) 180
8. If the system of equations kx + 3y – (k – 3) = 0, 12 x + ky – k = 0 has infinitely many solutions, then k =
[Raj. NTSE Stage-1 2014]
(A) 6 (B) – 6 (C) 0 (D) None of these.
9. In three given numbers. the second number is twice than the first number and thrice than the third
number. If the average of the three numbers. is 44, what is the largest number ?
[Gujarat NTSE Stage-1 2014]
(A) 24 (B) 72 (C) 36 (D) 8

10. The difference between a two digit given number and the number obtained by interchanging the digits
is 27. The sum of the two digits is ...... [Jharkhand NTSE Stage-1 2014]
(A) 3 (B) 5 (C) 7 (D) cannot be found

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 115
11. In a given fraction if the numerator is multiplied by 3 and denominator is subtracted by 3, the fraction
18 2
becomes and if the numerator is increased by 8 and the denominator doubled the fraction becomes .
11 5
The sum of the numerator and the denominator of the given fraction is: [Jharkhand NTSE Stage-1 2014]
(A) 27 (B) 33 (C) 37 (D) 42

12. If after 5 years ‘A’ will be twice as old as ‘B’. At present ‘B’ is 5 times older than ‘C’ whose age before
3 years was 3 year. The present age of ‘A’ is [MP_NTSE Stage-1_2014]
(A) 50 (B) 60 (C) 55 (D) 65

13. What type of graphs of the equation x + y = 5 and x – y = 1 will be ?

[Maharashtra NTSE Stage-1 2014]
(A) Parallel lines (B) Intersecting lines (C) Lines coincide (D) Concurrent lines

14. A boatman can row downstream 30 km in 2 hours and upstream 6 km. in 2 hours. The speed of
boatman’s rowing and speed of water current are respectively. [MP_NTSE Stage-1_2014]
(A) 9, 6 (B) 6, 4 (C) 12, 9 (D) None of these

x x
15. If + 7 = 15 – then find the solution ? [Gujarat NTSE Stage-1 2015]
3 5
(A) x = 20 (B) x = 15 (C) x = 21 (D) x = 18

16. 32 x – y = 3x + y = 27 then what will be the value of 3x – y ? [Delhi NTSE Stage-1 2015]
1 1
(A) (B) 3 (C) (D) 3
27 3

17. 4 boys and 3 girls spent Rs.120 on the average, of which boys spend Rs.150 on the average, then the
average amount spent by girls is [Delhi NTSE Stage-1 2015]
(A) Rs.80 (B) Rs.60 (C) Rs.90 (D) Rs.100

18. When my father was 31, I was 8. Now he is twice as old as I am. How old am I?
[Delhi NTSE Stage-1 2015]
(A) 23 years (B) 46 years (C) 22 years (D) 24 years

19. Which of the following is the solution set for the simultaneous equation ?
[Maharashtra NTSE Stage-1 2015]
(A) x = 2; y = –1 (B) x = 3; y = –1 (C) x = –1; y = 2 (D) x = 4; y = 1

20. A boat. whose speed is 15 km/hr in still water. takes 4 hours 30 minutes to go 30 km in downstream'
and to return upstream to the same spot. Find the speed of the stream per hour.
[Orissa NTSE Stage - 1_2015]
(A) 3 km/hr (B) 5km/hr (C) 7 km/hr (D) 2 km/hr

21. The sum of two numbers is 100 and one number is two less than twice the other number. Then the
numbers are............ [MP_NTSE Stage-1_2015]
(A) 34, 66 (B) 24,76 (C) 44, 56 (D) 46,54

22. Ganesh has to pay Rs. 482 for 19 apples and 11 guavas. If he would have exchanged the number of
apples and guavas purchased, then he would have paid Rs. 64 less. Find how much more amount he has
to pay to purchase apple than 1 guava ? [Maharashtra NTSE Stage-1 2016]
(A) Rs. 19 (B) Rs. 8 (C) Rs. 11 (D) Rs. 7

23. The present age difference between father and son is 14 years. The ratio of their age will be 4 : 3 after
11 years. How old is son now ? [Bihar NTSE Stage-1 2016]
(A) 25 years (B) 31 years (C) 30 years (D) 28 years

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 116
24. For which value of p, the following pair of linear equations 3x + py = 7, px + 3y = 15 will have no
solutions? [Raj. NTSE Stage-1 2016]
(A)  9 (B)  5 (C)  3 (D)  4

25. Line x + y = 2 passes through the ____ quadrants. [Gujarat NTSE Stage-1 2016]
(A) 1st and 3rd both (B) 2nd and 3rd both (C) 3rd and 4th both (D) 1st, 2nd, 4th all

26. 3 year ago the sum of ages of father and his son was 40 years–after 2 years, the sum of ages of the
father and his son will be: [Gujarat NTSE Stage-1 2016]
(A) 40 (B) 46 (C) 50 (D) 60

27. In a two digit number, the number of ten's place is double of the number of unit's place. If we exchange
the numbers mutually then the number decreases by 18, then the number is: [MP_NTSE Stage-1_2016]
(A) 24 (B) 36 (C) 39 (D) 42

28. The system of equations x + 2y = 6, 3x + 6y = 18 [MP_NTSE Stage-1_2016]

(A) is inconsistent (B) has a unique solution
(C) Has an infinite number of solutions (D) None of these

29. A father is 7 times as old as his son. Two years ago, the father was 13 times as old as his son. Father’s
present age is [UP_NTSE Stage-1_2017]
(A) 24 years (B) 28 years (C) 30 years (D) 32 years

30. In the equations 3x + 2y = 13xy and 4x – 5y = 2xy, the values of x and y that satisfy the equations are
[Raj. NTSE Stage-1 2017]
1 1 1 1
(A) (2,3) (B) (3,2) (C)  ,  (D)  , 
 2 3 3 2
31. A boat takes 7 hours to travel 30 km upstream and 28 km downstream. It takes 5 hours to travel 21 km
upstream and to return back. Find the speed of the boat in still water.
[Maharashtra NTSE Stage-1 2017]
(A) 10 km/hr (B) 20 km/hr (C) 14 km/hr (D) 6 km/hr

32. The cost of 20 guavas and 5 apples is same as that of 12 guavas and 7 apples, then how many times the
cost of an apple is to that of a guava? [Maharashtra NTSE Stage-1 2017]
(A) two times (B) half times (C) four times (D) five times

33. The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 14. If 18 is subtracted from the number, digits are
reversed. Find the number. [Rajasthan NTSE Stage-I/18]
(A) 86 (B) 77 (C) 68 (D) 76

34. For which value of k, a pair of equations x + y – 4 = 0, 2x + ky – 3 = 0 has no solution?

[Rajasthan NTSE Stage-I/18]
(A) 0 (B) 2 (C) 6 (D) 8

35. If there is no solution of linear equation system kx – 5y = 2 and 6x + 2y = 7, then the value of k will be
[Chhattisgarh NTSE Stage-I/18]
(A) –10 (B) –5 (C) –6 (D) –15

36. Gradient (slope) of straight line 7x – 2y = 5 is.... [Chhattisgarh NTSE Stage-I/18]

−7 7 2 −2
(A) (B) (C) (D) 81
2 2 7 7

2 3
37. Equation x + y = 5 can be expressed in the standard form as ______ . [Gujarat NTSE Stage-I/18]
3 2
(A) 2x + 3y – 5 = 0 (B) 4x + 9y – 5 = 0 (C) 4x + 9y + 30 = 0 (D) 4x + 9y – 30 = 0

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 117
38. A man had 170 currency notes in all, some of which were of Rs. 100 denominations and some of are
Rs. 50 denomination. The total amount of all these currency notes was Rs. 10000. How much amount
did he have in the denominations of Rs. 50 [Jharkhand NTSE Stage–I/18]
(A) Rs. 4000 (B) Rs. 9000 (C) Rs. 7000 (D) Rs. 6000

39. The difference between the ages of Sonu and Sneha is 12 years. If the ratio of their ages is 3 : 5 then the
age of Sneha is : [Jharkhand NTSE Stage–I/18]
(A) 32 yrs. (B) 24 yrs. (C) 28 yrs. (D) 30 yrs.

40. The mean age of a combined group of men and women is 25 years. If mean age of men is 26 and that of
women is 21, then the percentage of men and women in the group is [Jharkhand NTSE Stage–I/18]
(A) 60, 40 (B) 80, 20 (C) 20, 80 (D) 30, 70

1 1
41. A rational number becomes on subtracting 1 from its numerator and it becomes when 8 is added
3 4
to its denominator, the rational number is [Madhya Pradesh NTSE Stage-I/18]
5 1 7 3
(A) (B) (C) (D)
12 12 12 17

42. If one's digit and ten's digit of a number are a and b respectively, then the number will be
[Rajasthan NTSE Stage-I/18]
(A) 10 b + a (B) 10 a + b (C) a + b (D) ab

VALUE BASED / PRACTICAL BASED QUESTIONS

1. Mohit and Sahil are driving on two roads represented by the equation 2x + 3y = 7 and 4x + 6y = 12.
They drive within the speed limit. (a) Will they meet at some point? Justify your answer. (b) What
value is depicted by Mohit and Sahil?

2. A rectangular sign board used to display the logo “WATER IS PRECIOUS. SAVE WATER”. The area
of a rectangular sign board remains the same if the length is increased by 7m and the breadth is
decreased by 3m. The area remains unaffected if the length is decreased by 7m and the breadth is
increased by 5m. Find the dimensions of the rectangular sign board. Which value depicted from this?

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 118
Answer Key

BOARD LEVEL EXERCISE

TYPE (I) : VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS :
1. (i) Yes (ii) No (iii) No
2. (i) No (ii) Yes (iii) No
3. (i) No (ii) yes (iii) yes (iv) No
4. False

TYPE (II) : SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS :

15
5. 2 6. 7. no value 8. –6
4
−5
9. 31 and 10. x = 1, y = 4
7

TYPE (III) : LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS:

11. 100 12. a = 5, b = 2 13. x = 1, y = 4 and ratio = 4 : 1
14. 10 kmph, 4 kmph 15. 83 16. Rs. 2500, Rs. 30

TYPE (IV): VERY LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

17. 8 sq. units 18. Rs. 600, Rs. 400
19. Investment in Scheme A = Rs. 12000, Investment in Scheme A = Rs. 10000
20. 500

PREVIOUS YEAR PROBLEMS

1. x = 1, y = 2 OR x = 3, y = 2 2. a = 27, B = 28 OR x = 14/5, y = 5/7
3. No. of Boys = 3, No. of Girls = 7 4. (B) 5. (A)
6. (C) 7. Cost of a Table = Rs. 1,000, and Cost of a Chair = Rs. 500
8. x = 1, y = –4 OR 3/5 9. (2, 4), (5, 0), (–1, 0) 10. (B) 11. k = 6
12. x = – 92/351, y = – 38/351 OR Speed of train = 80 km/hr, Speed of car = 100 km/hr.
13. (A) 14. (B) 15. x = 3, y = 3 16. 70 & 50
17. 41 18. No. of Pen = 13, No. of Pencil = 27
19. Speed of Car A = 60 km/hr, Speed of Car B = 40 km/hr OR x = 7/24, y = 13/24

EXERCISE – 01

SUBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Section (A) : Pair of Linear equation in two variables and method of solving
−8
A-1. A-2. (i) x = 27 and y = – 14 (ii) x = a and y = b
3
A-3. (i) x = 0.1 and y = 0.3 (ii) x = 9 and y = 6.
A-4. (i) x = – 21 and y = 17. (ii) x = m + n and y = m – n
A-5. (i) x = –2 and y = –3 (ii) x = –1 and y = – 2.
2ab
(iii) x = a + b and y = − (iv) x = ab and y = ab
a+b
A-6. Solution is x = 4 and y = 3 and lines meets y-axis at (0, 11) and (0, – 1).
A-7. (– 4, 2), (1, 3) and (2, 5) A-8. 7.5 sq. unit

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 119
Section (B) : Equation of the form
B-1. x = 6, y = –4 B-2. x = 3, y = 2 B-3. x = 80, y = 100

Section (C) : Algebraic Condition for solvability

C-1. Infinitely many solutions. C-2. k = any real number C-3. k = 6
C-4. k = – 4 C-5. m = 5.

Section (D) : Word problems

5
D-1. A =70°, B = 53°, C = 110°, D = 127° D-2. D-3. 75.
9
D-4. Man - 20 days, Boy = 120 days
D-5. Cost price of chair = Rs. 600 and cost price of table = Rs. 700.
D-6. Speed of train = 100 km/hr, Speed of taxi = 80 km/hr.

Based on articles and their costs

D-7. 750 D-8. A: 34 mangoes, B: 62 mangoes D-9. 25 coins of each kind.

Based on numbers
D-10. 78 D-11. 64

Based on fractions
5 4
D-12. D-13.
9 7

Based on ages
D-14. Father's age = 40 years, Son's age = 10 years. D-15. Father's age = 45 years

Based on time, distance and speed

D-16. 35 km/ h & 25 km/hr
D-17. Speed of train = 60 km/h & Speed of car = 80 km/ hr
D-18. Speed of boat = 8 km/h & Speed of stream = 3 km/ hr
D-19. Distance = 36 km, Original speed = 4 km/hr
D-20. 720 km

Based on geometrical applications

D-21. A = 20°, B = 40°, C = 120° D-22. A = 65°, B = 55°, C = 115°, D = 125°
D-23. C.P. of chair = 600, C.P. of Table = 700 D-24. Man : 140 days. Boy: 280 days

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Section (A) : Pair of Linear equation in two variables and method of solving
A-1. (B) A-2. (D) A-3. (B) A-4. (C) A-5. (D)

Section (B) : Equation of the form

B-1. (C) B-2. (C) B-3. (C) B-4. (D) B-5. (A)
B-6. (D)

Section (C) : Algebraic Condition for solvability

C-1. (D) C-2. (D) C-3. (A) C-4. (C) C-5. (D)
C-6. (C)

Section (D) : Word problems

D-1. (A) D-2. (D) D-3. (D) D-4. (C) D-5. (D)

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 120
 EXERCISE – 02

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Ques. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. D A D A B A B C D D D D A B C A C D D D
Ques. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Ans. A D C C B D C D C A B D B A D C D D B C
Ques. 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60
Ans. A A A C A A B A B A C A D B B C C C D C
Ques. 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80
Ans. A C B B A D A B A C B C D A B C A B D A

EXERCISE – 03

Ques. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20
Ans. A A C A C B B A B D C D B A B D A A A B
Ques. 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40
Ans. A B B C D C D C B C A C A B D B D C D B
Ques. 41 42
Ans. A A

VALUE BASED / PRACTICAL BASED QUESTIONS

1. (a) No, No solution possible for the equations

(b) Importance of traffic rules
2. L = 28 m, B = 15 m, Value of water

H1 – 226 R, Indraprastha Industrial Area (IPIA), Road No. 5, Kota (Raj.) 121