Page 2 of 64

ptirmgatièn

at-5
pttmtten OPhm2atia) oblarn eqiru us to
a tunche)
deesmie marimur) ard YUnimum alue
Ophimatktey
Te To
CCngtsonad Optimgatey
Q)UoCantsoinad ria
CD JaConstoaha.d OPtimotia)
Robeng
Tuang ano
Ta ana C) nasmiztn
Cost mndniatin
O
rackhea Coerputatiena tagk 3 odi im
a moy slablas
Cetsad

te desvatie aonette oth sexpecto

StepC nd
ond tn Put it. egual to eso
cohich fs
to d te valsua x and &n
Ca0led a gtattonan t

df
By selu O&0 e houe n ()
stationeng. Prtt
 Page 3 of 64
Stcp-2 tep s rd Seeand OPrdas
Second
functte) taolth eapeck to x ord
desivae
destate a

and z,en Solue t ewatt Ac-8

wsto Cput
Ac-e Ac-e o, thon îs a wstto 6Pf

C exksen ds
C Ac-e=o
(exkeerne prnk
C &) Ac-B'2 O No exttna
)Ac-B= o X Prntt
B

Masma ar) mama , aCasdy

Step
P we Co rd
to,th vate AA
Co)
skep5 Laat step fs to od ta arinuo)

Mahimun Vaue t* ths

extoeno Value
 Page 4 of 64
obler)

Extse2 Vabe
nd tie
and aetesman

hethe tey a aXinum r) ninurm

ien o) -+ -6
3 O-6 0

= 3x"-6t =o

-
3 -61o
3 ) =o

Saln

O
2

( - 2X 0

-8 -o
A
 Page 5 of 64

4 8 = 0

3-8) o

-8 so

3e=

&hen Eo

cwhan

(o,o) (12)
in ang.

SCondOnda nditi
6
3-6 5

A
6

C
 Page 6 of 64

A= 61 B 6, e 6
a)

A = 6to) = o A=o
=E:-6
C=Go) =
0 Ce o
Ac- B
o)Co) -C-6) =- (36) = -36

No Extserna t

A 6) = l2 A 2
B 6
C 6C2) =l2 C 2
Ac- e
Ca) t) -(-6) 144-36 lo>
fs an Extoema t
A 12 0, ate untrna

Extoeene Value a
) 13+ 6 O
a323- 6())
88- 6 C4) = 1634 * =8
So,-8 fs huuwm Value at BH=S
So,fundt fs
 Page 7 of 64

onsfraned Oimitekèo

genna Cavdfronud Obimatian talk is to

Magimge (or) Minine a funcken )

en Centon Congtmnt On

xernpla
MGohmum
ind
he
Comme) to endsukeg hug
Ne
foskcat Vehiclo t a
tor exemga

Constron
eten
Cawested
Cmateand Con be
Canatron

Mnimie ta a,a =|
S ect fo +2t3
neap Censtan&

M
Sbjec- to X1++3 I 2
 Page 8 of 64

Co e stte a
A optimpatn barn
to Centtront ak
xes
Miniizefa) Sbje
sbjec
eaa Rn

S- ,a )= o Ord

Conttsony mtpa
epaly hennty Censta
mwtipla

ton en ()
Con be csten
ua Constoo-nt

ea Cnatsa.n
o
+%-l
heaH CmtsoendG9 e osttt a
h(4) = +72+X3- 4
s a Combthahn ea
Set
Sreaa tsn
S
 Page 9 of 64
fundin
henunadze

Cnstemna.d inatiy
nckt ho enu
mnimiz
disGaenad bolangs
toa
feasiba Set
teehnhpel at achee tte
an
Seana
TT ,a PAat tokm
but

nn pPsDoch
fg to eAa a
AYe- gn
functt-o Ca0l4 aled

L ( =Ca)+ 1

tuoo veCtok

Lagorg Cratgro
fureh
muntur)
Cnatsend

a)=m
A

ond deto che

u ail t koof
(e Corna to oeekj
 Page 10 of 64

inca egRia

Dependant Vosioblo s Contthiou in Dctua

Sope.

unaa) daka
PohB

Ct Mx
iebe
&isLhdapecdot Vameba Lndepedet
Vornobo
dapedat
Yis -etenH
Anean ockun

casttte a
Ts Can be Co

- is
C+mx
ndapedant Voriaba
m
is aSope:
Cis tecapt
7is deperdar Nothabe
moltip nea) gteia)
C

oi Co

i Lrdaperdurt Vastabe
doperdan Vasabo!
3snove)
X3 is moR
 Page 11 of 64

nive X 2, 3, 4
b+a
3 341S*

Y
3
A
3

54 30
lo 19

|a () (e*)- (41) E«)

(e (e
Cio) C(s4)
a (1)(3)- asb o

a 3)- Ctoo) aknwn

59o 540
20
20 0o

a 5 a=5
b 3
b nCeH)- (e)Es)
nE)-(e1)
b)s)- (1) (11). al6-2o- I1
[oo
C3)- loo
 Page 12 of 64

Line Keus Anay8is

Ts se io Uodegtondn
heation betueo -tuo more
the
Vorbla C Multifa ghenn)
to Cas ndenstendag to byiabo
ohen
rdaperdant Varnabt2

t Oti Votabe is cepadart. ala

Redieted roobla)
botb?
bo +bi
e
aals X
RBB
ind a Stsogd he hueh dpedd+

ms e bsesuatiad
bo y-ta
bi Sope

Ts Ca is Cats a hea
inca
fs Obtahad by
ts and
Sauao metued
Lest
han Slope fs
slope e (= betb)
bo-bjx)
hen s Sope fs-ve (=
 Page 13 of 64

rob{arn

2 4 4

| 2
- O O
0%O:3

O 36

s
= 3

bot bt
S bot0*63

E-T)-) 1 (4)
b (-7) 3

2
 Page 14 of 64

2 (-) (y-y)
b

mn Coosdehoe
s Claulaed Isi
C34)

bo t b
= bo t (o 6) 3
bo A-Co 6)3

bo= *3

+0.6

-4 O-B9
(-) S-2
=
n-
Let
Caltae te
actua + sttrted.
 Page 15 of 64

Kegers)
A senptind

o muolth Coltnenty

Heterostocl.azyc+
eron3
A) No Auto COUrelah

Nosm dtstoibsten
ndependes fo cacl oty
A ta ewetiang
 Page 16 of 64

ioea

egnac ate
A Sinplo eernpta
og
Glcoge le»el ie

Sobject Agel loo

A-3
3 &5
42
57
5
55
fs Ldaperdant toa 6 data Poeds
s deperdand

FRndien rorid o
Ta Sinra

X;4 O
be+b crveduen i

Estimate4 Ehmate of tte ra Sope

Cor Redeed) Pguse etapt

Y is dependust
ESe obSeptedi) s Irdaperdat
 Page 17 of 64

Stnple eempto aegre

epatio to edrt tael
uen

C)C)
-(e)4)
Do

Ce)-()

by
C))
Ce)- (e)

AE(x) C)
Subjec
84 98p
99 A257
43
65 13 6S 441 4225
2

3 a5 625624|
3150 5625
42
S 57 A951 3249
59 81 348 6s6
2
34 L486 20485 401 40022
 Page 18 of 64

b(4) () ér)
(2)- |

)
(4
(47) (aoqas)
bo(4-86) (140)-
6 C1401) - (247))Y
.V

bo 66 1
H4-4S

bo65-14

bb )-(<)Ca)
n() -(4
(486)
62048s)- (47)
6CI1401)-(247)

b a868
O.885335
444-5

bo +b
 Page 19 of 64

=bo b

9 = 65-14+0 a852r
Val 5
T Vale Val

=65-14- + (o 3es22r) (35

86. 32A

tenco qgwcse ho

de 5S is 86 32

Hetegoscedastiaty
whad is tta roblarn
+Hetesoscedastict, ekss to
So T blar 1exidualg a
a Studio
do n hae Uatom Vacsnco

Arise han Voraltta S Ooee acsossS

Obsetiad
Teds to e tnetttiend 9eged seu
hcaea 3tendanadego

Heososeedatiry
 Page 20 of 64
LAL

s Choptes we sho Cancex)

Optimpadien
OU Scluel ott t Clawica thea
Tuls theon desl wit te
Use
u's
the
dIfnhia Caluus to deksaa in
Miniroafo both nCstrainad
atmna
Cantiau uneton
and antsolnad

ts Chopte topi&incde
h Csdfine
Suffctendt sdiog
aqd
SulfCent
dleselepraet
ecoda Ao oGngronad
-fos oCatinp ettne Pa

toettment Ta Snsolnad
Tla
ad ta
roblan U oi med
denrpenat khoickao Cmdta
tneunlity ottak.
 Page 21 of 64

robCacns&

we sha
sessg
ttn
Celesr t extsee Pont (tta
laira nma JoCanstrohad

Continioug unctang

lathernatcolly
f-)hos aimun) at-a
A fonett

C)

a unetin ) o a tndmurm at

Potn

+Go+)- ) >o
 Page 22 of 64
1)
Point of 1fleckn

Cornda aCantniaus
as

fianctte£G) detna
inkea(ab)

Cnot s) eeru
al Masla Mnna
(Called te Stodiorony )
T ocAudas
X, 'o Maxim
4 Prvns MGala

lobaakedte asryum
F)ma PC), fC1a), -f(v6)
Sn
ACa) fes
Cae a globa o) abedde xim

Loca(cdote) maxina
P) ang a00a
n Ot hand. fCK) ,

oCa o) relatie maxina

PC is a oca ah
MAnmunh,
Munmsm

Shoud be noted ttat tta Paint A Corasprda

is Caldad ftectn
 Page 23 of 64

Crnd tns Optina

Necetlon SfAcerd

Necegony Condtia)

A eceion Cdttte for a orttndau

O.
Certtndn4 Porst ad SeCond

denuatie hoe estoee Pbtot, at X

Each s desiveee )
eualunte at Yo, Vonish

Caeo
s
Araddent veckos

SRAdedt Csodte)

Suffaed Csrdtè Psra Stotionup

be an fgthat
to exkuerePt
Hession mats evoluated atx s
is
C1 Negade dAnte eahagYo aa Maxionun
t
whan faa
ca) ate deadle iimwent
 Page 24 of 64

roof for sditios

os eceiany Cndti
) raof
heer,foc o <e<||
B oylos
+ hHh I4o4eh

(ha
OD
h Chh-. hj- ha) f.A

h s Smalenough Jal2**9
Smodl tha eondu
heron +ailtend to Zo as hjo
Oncdan h
F(zoth) -f) = v£C)h + O()

Vfh hft) ) +hp

= h th
FRoe hak xo fs on eteme Paî, nsu Ce shal
shl
theos b Csntadt)

Posgia, let us pme that Ona 0f Ponti

dessties Soy pth, does Vonsh
act Vonish

beCsme2 o+h) -f*)*

3)
hp
e
 Page 25 of 64

Sinee )
ethe

No Suppose fC) hen oth) -#(xo)

hoe the Sorne s as he

hp

PCoth) txa)o ushen hp>o

Coth)- fC*o) hen hp
This Cetsadec
estoecnee Pniot
csonen x)
ment amNay to tte

ien abau

Ths Ce Csnclda tht uohan On

desvodies na et detta00 eaua to Zen
a Xo e exoene
Ths, t follas thot or o to be n eKtena
anod s necoi3one tha

thaoem
Cmptase -t
 Page 26 of 64

a) roof Suftint Sdti

oyon thesem +
Bt
ue houe

Co+h) f()=V #)h t h

Yoth

Sinca x sa 9toticneny P. then b akley

theotm (ccouo
Theotn ndHiNheotfn) e haue

Thue Foth)P) =H th XotOh

le o be a latioun rohan bydefottn

a
Xo beto be a Manum
tho
Co)
2
yo+eh

Wth yeeh
padvore -foo th in ezprdadfore)
e houe
hhi
 Page 27 of 64

eves Slaca the xd dervato

Crodindnl
o a eghknuahod

isil hoe Sarre Sign a

s80 ohe)
ndeenty h+h mos Yield tho See
0
euatsted at koth Xo Xo+h
Thus ue hoe

hh

detres a wadrete

epna and herea h

acde- defhte a Xo
eHenien onotss t.
makimettn
Cmgtutt
This fa
mahtmizoctièn Cae
A siila)oof Canbe estokisd for
Hemn mato
shaoa. Couspnd
s stve defne ot
 Page 28 of 64

(1 ntke Maicur amur)

fnctic
+ + X3"- 4 -8X2- 12Xs +5%
.fC)=
eca
APt th C6ndltie

Co)

) = (o, o, o)
73
thi's e
ax- 4- O

12 8 2o

Tha SolAts thex Smotorem egyata Ae by 1

tta Ont faindho

tho oisfe
3disfes
C2, 4 6) hch fs
ecakaid andttn

Nos Crecey tte

Checey suttan ardta, ve ust
Cleeemiaa ashothes o is a Maxum annuy
 Page 29 of 64

Hession moto ewalued at (2,46)

Uen by

T nss eksminand

hose tha Valey 4 8

mnes delegmnat+ s
Trus eeh

)
A
 Page 30 of 64
achihe Kcane.
tiongatienVie
Mach
do ue need OPimiotn
ht
keannin

opie, ae tN a
Ca
Oevigotio fs an
on Aderad
O ete
etc
but ld mony modelk ezpesireat

eushat do yu leaan in optimzztè?

function
Calds
how
Udestmday
t nd MaRia
, Mama tcttng

mandena C)= o
2 2ao

funchin Coud Moe Campicated

usith loss fonctians ML Models

Cloed fs soluttand

Opticnighte) on e Cmeup csth alosttmg

oximamnima 9 thau fonctnY
n elftcent and electe
 Page 31 of 64

onetien&
C) Joderstrdu
moet ML daiven
athne
ose Oectve farcttn lssuoctia
Pind he best Ponoretess -tnot ndnione
Coes

Line

StoothtHCo

Laatte

a ( (t-) a (1-
Jodesstardap ah Soweg 9e
Do os uont to e
RMSRoP Ns ADAM .Vs ocmertm 9
to
Badch Grvadientt Descar Vs Stochatte radied
Cescant
Oescortt s uni odch vadient
 Page 32 of 64

oclion&

Ya hoe a nauw oblenm that doe ndt in

the Setne
deep Leonn
Fasic in the Cndext
loee Poncti
Coston oefoncta) leae ha
ou Con osit a
Soluip to ude plattorm

uiteos fucton
tuckeng&
Optindin leann to
Optimti aves -te
O
Undesstrden ho e
Con ursile Coss tuncten
Fobser
4) wst yetes Soluesos Oie2att
pdate for d8fenart
ndested srth tha
nds Save
Gradent Deicant
nea Loss (u)

Sunmam
phihoo For ach
OPasp*
Joderstdee
Solues
Plck te ighd

4)Snplarerh
Loas
Solueg
furcten&

fos Costom usS

.
ncten
 Page 33 of 64

Non-nesin Dornrmn_

Cn Constsaned
C Divect
--
Optingcdtn

metod
echnpa

Sanch
Descant etuads Co) Gradient metad.

teapext decant (ahy) mekaod

Neatsng mettad
ciiy Fletche eves mettuod

ayaict metg

C Steepeg descant (Cacht meuod

OCadne
C)3tont uwith the a>bitiany init PointX
ser te itesato urnbe) 1=|

Seaneh ditey

S V£ -V-£(*i)
)ind te Opra skep length ia tha diectay
S
Set
it + S =
->vf
OPtinaH
sOptimuarn stopOt
Step-5
T
) et the nes itestie) nunbe)
step-
 Page 34 of 64

Tas metod Coo to bea Ve efecte

UnCansteohed Optt
atienechnipo
O degcant dieehin is
But Soco Steepext
Veny eftctae
not Ven efecti
is
Coca e mtd
opehd, te
oar
ob&mn

CO MGrimze
and
Stocap onte Poto
O8tnp Ceant metd
teatin-:.
DRA

wto X

Substttte

, uened ACta OPtinaStp legt

S0 e mrm

sttsn
 Page 35 of 64

Sinco ues

)+/
oation-2

S-v= (\)
(+S) = (+,1+)

ta. )():)
-02

is not Optin
K3
Sa
 Page 36 of 64
+(3+s Sa) - f-0.2 o2. a, l240Aa)
0.04s-0.08 a-12

o
4

0-2
-0-

4ts nef O
aaten-
0-
Sq Vf4 =

14+oa)
+C4+ a S4) = -+o-ah,
So 09
and
ue odiniue e Undto

x* =/-lo
5
is und4
 Page 37 of 64

Noth

wnea
Cs-()1 iste east motox

(mototy S2Cd da dodt) 24

euunted at

Gnuwm )
R)=
eUaluate tte
te ciesve
Ze

C) J=2,3 - 9

te abaue eusatug (3)

Con be Osed t impsmu afPsoras

it -[J] v
 Page 38 of 64
oble

by
F( ) = Xi-X2t2x"+21 X2
te Us Neutang
stod
ettod
So
42
J:
-2

2+31JCo o)
by en (4) (*1= vi -Cs,J vf)
- vf.

V - 3J
t+41+ |

V
 Page 39 of 64

-Oobtoined )nzatèn
Tha genna Condtroined Oinzotin tolk
MGaimize a tnctien p)
-foncic) P(x) by
moxien2
asicnize
Vo en
en Certam Cotoottt 0n X

oe fonple.
f,2,13) = fa +
tind minimu

toenGaute
CommaOto ths fo engoeersinQ

Fostest Rhtle corh

eronpa, den the
Coistornt fuel etPclen
All Canstooind Con be anested to a
Canta
Ctsots
Crnshroink
Fualt
Cangtson
a) Ia
Cotsotd

E Micnize+(Ma,X3)
8ojet to X+X,+3 l AtZa+Xa-o

dnieaalt antainB
hme +C,¥3)
 Page 40 of 64

A optinato.n oblaras
Con be tten aag

the
ís Peasba. ait
nenerale groge tunckn
egpda s to
T Conatooad Optimtn bao
, ha ennde, that
th functin a)
Stde
to tua -featita Stote
Pnt dscoved bedons
ths
achlewe ths
Thena a Semena technleSthat
bot ts
tt+ togennal, a dPRaut obar
defina aa
dene
A Ve'Cmmer) oRsach to
Caltacd tha reaged agogto
n furctn
h
LG f+gt)+a

C ) aggo
f) = toncttn
han
hantha Cntoo.nad

mio foa) mas

ES o>o
 Page 41 of 64
Oecekon ord Soficent
kk Dnditton&
-Pos OPtina
tho Konsh
Kanush
Madternadicad Optit
(kkT) Coditiondal nan as to
Kuhn-TUik
ano rst devatlee
Kuhn-Tuikeg Cordttn,
necaany Cendtins
rdkns)
Sone-ttnas Ca0ad As ndes
Selutèn in on-Gneas rnmipoetohe2
fora a Candiend
Condicn
OpRma, ided tht Some egdant
9atised
Cordtind Solve
Tla NecesBon and oHtert
Non Linea ormu

Sneality Constooit

we Foao that ohon - Lneo onm b

with ety atsont
t) Sxhtholt
Magtnugg Minne
We Con Sole t obon 'shLogazko
stipey metod
*
tha Noo- hay
Mouo Cedo
eg Constsain

MhnRe ) soohthat :)<bi

3C) b
 Page 42 of 64
e Con Solue tha
Sotue koblor) rh kKT Mttnd.

aplenhatinobac) e,fi

maxim f) Soch that

Coaidos
Cana.dleg ta NLPP

i() b
Canttoank toto
veiot ech th inegalty
eayatdn adday e Ratie Slack Varakay

ra

Slaak bsioble

)3=b
Cndlo hi) )4 blo
Tus e NLPP

r3dos Suh thas hiCa)o

CrnateontE So eCon e
1

medod

osmiote Loghongo un a

L%,S, fo)- h t)
Pc)- NCa0+S-s)
C: ton
 Page 43 of 64

Cood tien fo 3totionont

necenu
an

L -=0 C) +S"-bi =o

s bi-:)
=
-2 2 Sio
Solue cb(A) ue e! Statinana
Fs
utip eqpaten S

aCbj (bi-a:)) = t
, b-i6)o
Stra Mmeouny he Moke arsnc
oto

POen Go
dio (4) e hae eth io|

o )boh Vonish a
 Page 44 of 64

Si
meon Ctooit
Satisfed a Stsidt

neayanlt
OCSio) Csteont (make b angea)
4 e 9elaxed
te Statènany Priot l not be affected

Thas inptae Si 0
Constoont Stsf aseqjalt

Bha Objche
Tus impte thod alb sinces ed,
functtn decseoe &ehcnd
ttoee9 a bi nCstaie moe Spaa
feasibla and the pkina o 9 a Obyecte
d
funct f), Ceay Conno deceo
Henca oo Optitra &olutur)

mnumttg a3
1nceoe

1
Conne tacwcon uuch mptie th
 Page 45 of 64

.
mank
Constsoin and eqwatèn
tho
bi
A:)=
Uoveatsicted in
thon beCam

Heafor Non- Linean goonon Cor)

Mnimi
Such thet 3och th ai)£bi
The Mecossen Cardttery T necorkou Candttn
J
(
(zc-) - b:) =o i Caics) -bi) = o

C)b
 Page 46 of 64

NLPP
the
Maximie Z36-
Maten 0:4X+ I:6 a-O2x
Such that
XI X2 20
Cardtin be Oecouoe
T the KKT
and SuSfcenat
to a maxiusm
Shou be (ancaa
and ) 20 is Convex
02x, to be Cacae
612-
Fa)= 3.6 O.4+
Costott e

-0
O -o-4

TL p mnoos Di 0:8 o
Da -o8 e O-82
-04
Thus D20D
ere# cae
0 herca ís CnCal
feOProee
OPpo¥e Bizn wh
Als the CanstsointF
Zincay t
Convex
and e ken en nea functin is
Cnditian9
Haco te kKT dttnd and SAcient
maxtmum
 Page 47 of 64
DeAna the lograpo unctin a2

L=
+-lo)

,
(367-o-4 I67-O-)-A(1x
Ta necano Crdtin ano
, KZ°
0

o &6-O-241-2A=0- O
0
6-04-7-=
= (+- )-o

lo,
+Z

Tollo- Ca
e ae tha

vohar Ao
se houe2

hich de nt Satisty en )
discondad
henca thrs Cax s
 Page 48 of 64

C
Ue

6-2a 6-
6-
3.6-2 1:6- | lo
4

Ao4
tt = 3-5, X3 C* x Sub Volu
in Sts
NLPP
ole t
Minir
8 z=-Ia-*
Such het

fo e
t t» te
tha KKT Cordtnd to be
mnmnm
-fa) Shnul be Ce g) Z s Cnex.
Pca) to be Convey, e Constouct heai
matsix a
H=
H
 Page 49 of 64

Mnos OnR
D

Als tha Cantoort 2 is nea)hctig

and heco it fs Coriea alto

Tus KKt Crdtttn (aoll e mhmu)

Detea ogpongi fuct a

-l) > (ts-)

Tko necoi Crditiend ang
o, X20
.
Lo)

A(X1+3a)
(G)
rt (6
e have te olawt Cos
Ca
 Page 50 of 64

n O ) ve houe

ord herco this

this o
Co s
whch Violatc en
egn
desCanded

o2
so n
(5) 1+= 2

ye

Hece
-=
uadtu e houe
which as e necaiAo Cdtiny
Henco tra Stotinp

Ca ) = C-)
is tte Optina solotu and blsae

4,9
 Page 51 of 64
NLPP
ole 1,
Mapeie Z= 81+loX2X
Sch that 31t 2
s

Condtd to ke NCse
te KKT
Zto be axtur)

f) Shald be orane
Cone
.
a()o fs
e Consts a
toe ConCaua

aman Mata
H
,

mho
Da--o O 2
4

whch s Cpoie Storste Csot

Ts s ConCoe
Atso te Csnatsont B Zs s a
Lnea hegndy Funct
hanco Coaextnctty
 Page 52 of 64

Ths te KKT ondttdcn il be ecao

SPAeendtor aa

e aghargio tunatin o

L + lory-x/- (3t a-6)

Cdtins ang
neceo
X20
dsi,
Cndttengon
The neceulo

-2=o (
fo-

T follaun Cay aive

wAo 41 X 5
egn ) d
ushch violak
Coe s Ciscada
g32

en8 e
3r 2X2= 6
 Page 53 of 64

) ea
= 8-32 = 5-

Thus
B-3)+{=
3

ece X
Codtins
ushch >atsfy a
Satisf theneCaRes
eco tue Stattno

( ( )

Z
ptina

13
Solutu

(
Vake

- K

(4) e NLPP
X

mayP) = 4 +6-7/-x,

)
 Page 54 of 64
KKT Condfienl to be necedo
Sol
Soffcrnt for to to be maxionm
ard
Cootaue ond 2 a s Convex
-f) Shood be

ofc) to be Condae
ue Carstout a temn motsx a

o
H

maso an

D3- o o

oo-
uohich s OPfoaie &gn Sidnp uts
Thus fs Csove
-tu
312
nea
newity- tunctno
and e one
 Page 55 of 64
Thus -ta KET Corditt
aimun

Defne tte dogargforctè a

L (41-+61-x, ) - (+"
-(ax, t3-1
OcCak9u Cedttds

4- 2)-A-22 AL0
)
3 d2 co
6-2-2-3

t -)=o
ax 3
(T)
shn
Ts dos ot Satt3 &?)
d nce dincandac
 Page 56 of 64

4 a)
27 =
-22+6 =2
fron(A) uee +X3

+6-A3 6-2
ea
suth alo

Stotino

T Optima&oluto nd Vale s

Z +4)-(9- A-9
 Page 57 of 64
esano Matin 4}

&itio
)f) is ConvC
mnirmu Anot
Semi-defhie (Coen-
ard
attaat
DI>o, D z° Ds
Dio
mnsos

a)t) ts Stsdy oney

Psto-e eAe C
O>0, D >0,, Ds

antae. -fa) is Canueg.

Conve axium Prt
D, D co, .D,>° DaCo
altenotle 8go, but Aethep
Shauld ke -ve
 Page 58 of 64
GRADIEN METHop

teepat scent metd

onckien

FCa ) 41+6,-2 272-2x2

Qbedute Opttomm OcC a
C ) (Ys,4/s) -333 -33
So le the tnit nt be
e b

VC)='C+- 4122 , 6-24-4-7a) )

Co dtonantidan

isevati X
C
in
v#() (-a)

Cn)+ T0)
C)+-as, )

h C C)-2(C1-25)4
4Ct-2+6
 Page 59 of 64

h()4 er+ 4
Sskstitfe in ean (3)

-16+ 4=0 (1-2, )

-16=-4 (1-(4).)
SeGand
tecete)
esn )

#C)= (o

(Y1)+r (o,)
(Va1)+ (0, tt
X"( I+T)
h() (x")
m)
()+6(t+v)--(-
--(i+
6+6--f- T-2T-4
6+ 2-t"--F
 Page 60 of 64

-2+ 1
2

hl) -2t

-4 0
-|
, 1+
4-
(a, 5/)
Thid kesetien
= (V, 5/4) ean
Sub

VCr")+ (-o)

(Y, 5/4) tr(-)

( ( 4)+ (-Y
(-v,54
 Page 61 of 64

h()- +Cx")
=
(-4)+4(h)--)-
E-^(
- --
(
--
-

-
at- (t

h'l) hls)o en

( )
 Page 62 of 64

(, 5/+

Sob 3e 54) in egn)

Ya)
vf) flo,

(e 1)+ (o

h() 4")
4(he)+E+)-+{)-(%))
6Y

+- +
501&
6
 Page 63 of 64

- 4 +6Y -208
32
6

h() 32

Let h()=o

(sle 5/4 )
-

ahio).

"vf (*")

(le )+ (-e®) h t
(
+ (3)+(TE)- -() H)
 Page 64 of 64

ht
Y
597
3
S egn
4
64 ( )
/s-
(
)
Sigh atia)..
x'- ( )
vfC) = (o
BeCaup2
VfC) o, thao Cen e
teminde atthte Patot

.The aoorek makiuum

. 34-395, 131

(
T ac Opticws
0:3333, 3333
X