PaOM Contol

Pulse cojth Mocultion Date

of highes fonequencys
Techmjque. Proge
aenes tec ancd it )scom peiod uith
nefenence sign al t0 genona te gating
7pulse' coidth modulation commonly knoon as signaL
pOM is q method of mocu latio that
Tie múmbn of mpulses' ocluced
changes the coidths of pulses to oequlate
the ave iage pocoen supplied to aload, depends pon the casoieu forequency
Tt is effe cively used to comtoo) the The output fNequency depencls yporn tho
Speecl Moto hefeence signalL

Seven types of puoMae Sinusoicdal pwm'

Single Pulse coidth modulation.
Multiple pulse oidth moculation. 3In his method the oneference sigal
Sinusoi dal Pulse coidth mmoculation is sine - uoave insteaqd of Squcoie
Sele cted tamonic Eliming+ion. ave,cohile' he 'casoie s Ere sigoal
Space vectoi Modulation. is of foianqulan foeim
Single Pulse cojdth modsla ioo ’The pulse
amp ntude
coioth vanies as peun he
of sine cave.
Tn this method theeis one pulse fo. 5Palses pen Haif cycle depends oO he
each half cycle and the' change in the caleiefreqc ncy
output voltcige of fnveten is mccle the ne Fesience signa cletonmines the
by changing the pulseojdt. out put and amplituce of
nequungdetemínes
efeence signal RLOdS pothe
Tn ths method the aefe 1ence mocluletom Inclex (M)
signol
of Amnplits cde E and cásohieni sjgnàl
oF Amnplitude Ec is cpripamed to
poduce the gaing signa
Fre quency f output votage ceends upon
the foequency OF efence coa ve. The Rutho
eP s knoon s the modul ction Tndlex
M= ER
 ’Tn
’
elimËnorted.
Canage
(ompnent. be pne
A. Fon Anequency
Contodle intact eliminctes
unaoanted Ph.
HanmonnCs
op undesi
the +0The andThesefequency
siqnal
ahe Selecive.
Haronimc
contolfundemental
-determined this
QvalUes Odd This
HanmoniCS,The
Retieve
motches SelecveHamoniclosses
bn Hanmonics
qucate
hamonics vCt) methoc. cohich
tesle d. methocl the
=(anCosmwt Harmonics the
IL. 2f1 1 to inele com
vesnitelt t
eliminate ang ang the (oenonde output ae
Sinnot
VC) dt cti ponents
c0ave (e le, se\ectively can foe
mo hotches SHE the
Countes Oouon con Tt cal queny.
di,2,3
of of cause
Keeps,
and eiminaion ec
omincton.
methoc
sy Hnmonc thsee can inventeand system integeo in
be Hanmnonics
mmnetny tbn be ne distotËon, the Pod
po1esent specitc a0c eliminaty
Sinnat). seenHeate speciAcalty
com undame ne s
multipu
output
y 34°, a
only po canhat 9eduCA
Han the methgo Hea
ents on
mooi be

Modulation.
*Space
’he Vecto
notch
So he
tundamenta)
tseqency
Vo Is aIheCantent
phase
in cloi cll
coth intensíve
phases elimnatcd thot
i
Vi to sinqe othes
ve. SVM angle
genAated sVM
V2 The hig
3 The is
V4
uniqUe unit oF methoc) me hecan
V method an
3 sVM thoc mobe
Vey nequíied
by optimizeandl advance)
Aathen solatecd
consiclens and ofine
stutes.that
Vo
fo
coiving consics hannonic cd
is
than Computtion
aicble best
output meutycl
hcmnonic
the Poye tate

this intenacton s
(o10 c
ioV, 3 In amang qn
septeentes
inientcoavek system. faeqCYy. be
100
 *
Tt ’
agnitucle
Ove can onsice
moto 1
Ve
panthy fon ltaqe eThevemocul
Vo
bounclay
emeans
Gelectec
hexaaon \6 ltage ltege imoclula be
thts
seen
VmSinwt-21
Vy= Ve 3
SincotVm
inoa cohen aoill cohen Vm Vo Vo
\ossa exceedy citHon -
tfevo
te jectoy at ion tht
Vm lteiqes
cincle be ottesina
too It the Sin
eCeecLsalss the Q Regi spaCe (ot given
andmoclifiecl
et
points
mon-lineasniegion
V*1êfeence on:
+ to
that
hexcqon vec
panty of Paqe Date
the
oefeênce Tothefund to ) induction
conpensrte hexq
S1emains
clited on boundaay.
ameta)
eteOne gon oth

D(ompined
oF
inveten A
Thoee-
+posti,
negatie 3 output
of gncdinverte
mecium three-
diffensnt
3 le
\evel
leve
vel-
(Neuta| the coith cohich
pocoCa
inVents fo l- Inve
Seveerl output
confiqulafon 3-\evelconue
locoen Inveotes
is ote
Point bt output used
tion
vo|taye hamonic
C 0r0 in fo is
lampea moSt vten and
too a Puue bete

the
muti.
pcFevzcd lel hCLS high
distotian
eve
rerter
in
ohich
applicoto
pocS
ve)
le
 )oking
’In 3levelof
Tal hcmo
nics
and Output
ondvolta
Vcle - e
Thefleve feint ntenme he
lcse Conventiona)
systtm.
singte cf Hcenmonic clicte
his to
ohjch
phc inuscidal voltae The
ceUEs Tnlttes.
Dis 3SO1t too
fe totien 1evello)level
causes
hesleve)
SvM'con
cLttun exam ccañe
possibu
site
hirg inveatth
(THO) tom hanmonics be in
ple toeeotvdc VEt
cohich
Vor intue
S0dueing
the
cotsist edee in

DAdvantages nagnitu Geed |evel

in
Corn
Aeplicatior por
Vc,o
Aedu nt c
Put
ced inof
and
Cutpat vcltege
vo ’ inojvldura -lc,
ltage Medium
Inqnoved
quality
anc The
oavefom
Vo teved
cAKert PurA ttag
fousnirnsy
Harrcric Mote orei.
lçeia
Doi. hamrinie.
 "tequies
"foced
dynarnie
ug3ish SowZevoltage. cOnstant
Anvotage
cOwce
Such Vo|tcge
Dmachin "Volkage
output concj+jon. Cantse used as
mhenge
relbleanomeehancal
edlRd by
inhnt
hay
cununt A
\oop
Suoitching
device
capac
cus VoltageFed
ito1 fecl
yoltage feccommutaHon
openated be isy Capacitco
spd
fed con
loac at
no MosFeT s Conveytes
kent
can
fo
cone
inhenten ugtc
(Qugchaninhent is in
so openCanno int as the ls
be te nconstcnt
gulat Can Ta9T inpuy
fel
by
Smachinc
seduce
dy0amicby cloesngtIt VFC " Natall " eGuch
CGAn 0s o
H-macn, TncuctÅonHeating Mequiseg
minmum
output
4e loast
(went se
s. It
nstnt CuLnt
is fed
due hequiUs inclc Cuwsent
fe,
less Conyee
s
be cent induC
tM by
an s capgbil to cunt
Vs3 speed ecient tec)
oRerated in
commuteltion cwentISoMca
ls to5
fed Date

\osscs
nare inventer Thyisto
m used conrentes
ih
cn t SoG
tei In yppts
thn s as
t jnolue
be

AThe method
’This
themoto Tn d)Etence ant Hhetioandd moto
emains
Const
the
and SynchhonoUs
he moto,
IG on)y open
moto,the his Open
vetednto magne
slies.
ohich seed
yente
Valable the fNequency Synchonous
Moto
supply sae lOof method |00p
he tic 0tafg
chaáttehete by
V|E of
is He
speed vaenyng V|E
quncy fo to
similcy is
ecHied
qiven d
9otets
ynchionous s 1S
unlíke inaluction such Usedcontool
vaËable aS voltfaige
to ds of that
oltput Stto to
dioceIncluction of
by Synchninos PuoM,
Invete canto)
Bunckio
HpeH Synchion
yaltge
30 is
motoS.
H Pue Tbate

ectifies
pOM filteored
mota Dynamic Tnclu(t L Motoo
ancl Rectifie çs
 yA
3his ’Be\oD
flux
oRerates at baking
aHuAkove Field n (onstant
Reqion.
Toque Dyncmic
cohene Spcethisc coill the Due oeachinq
Satunats
andhe
flux poiopeztton
type to Sctec)
be
con caLSO po
thocctrte
nehsoll
s no ohich ncated Bodue
the contO)
of Ceahenìng
Recion. coe
feecbaçkele,ment vlf
me Constnt.toMque
toconstanelo9
foneqlencios
the
.
is
thocl
s cloesmot facquency
ccitio
esults the
Voltlqe Shcon
constunt pesthbelie
e feque
is into
es cleceyes
appsçq qike is hat
inpt.tocee sRced valLe he
<oacd hgt mcax the y
also
in
accztH this moton absobe
6le nczeey thevofeg GudUa
moto
ntas

Thisclicnc
CUCNet Dynamic
mocdel
-9,
Ac into
oIeperesentation clectic The
mathmatical
machineis
machine
C) fayCoupling.
oefncNce
notuting
cae
t1Cnsfemation
quantities
effect. ct
tOO dynamic
ney Ves

axes (stato ls
Vbs Onthoqorl Th1ee
Vcle (d) d-
rcme
into
VSAs and
ancmoto that
phase mode
ABC Vqs converB
quadtue D toans lof
axos
to like
Cbyequivelunt Voltage
ton
s-s qucmttie foims Pooe Daie
pheteteoequcantite, time
fts hich
vaying axas
qn ts and the
(9)
in
 comhcneSpld
Tore,

(open-
oop
Moto
Speed
2vsSinOpB
ve: vs

Vb-FkSinGInert

Vc

DB Dtootr

’The
SAPPLy
Supey.
cotolsACST
ofampltude
vaniable
and and moto
by
hanous
USed ThËs
Moto toinhnetey
and conrt CSI
synch0ous
contenollingCoestot
load constant moto fed chappe .die
Moto
eueny
vasA\able as
fous bythe fe
commutated supplying
synchonaus
d
quadrant
capable
de speed
ve
Synchonos
toque.
motoi
addiOnal lops
Cusent
Inverte
SOUNCe
vangiable and
oercton
ìve
oegennation
poes
Constant
ce
of staton
IheGEfoo1ecusoentto1que moto Thyentear?e Pur:e Dyta

an
stask can hae. fonequeng dive
cl0cet flux ot SM
Hence
be ci 0 Sm
fwx
Cui
 ’ecw
metho s ’Classiflcati
ctowContool Ve Contonel
Scalan List
Feedback
Basedlineaoni
Passivity zction
G
Feld diffeoentContoo l
Contnol
Strto L
fux(fo)
Roton anienteo on
of
Technique
Contoo)
PMS
vtge
Cônt¡l Conoot M
Technique Foge Dctc

Vect
coith GoTC pNSM,
agonafeg with 01C
fo

-’(ST
JntegignSM
PM
(SPM) Diffrent
Motos
Moin PM
eM) Radiel
ielel. G moto7S
Toapezoidl
Sinusoidalxcitetoo. Excitetion
G G Cage fjelo
Axial G G G ly
Sunfa less
Sutace Aoto Gelau
Pole pMS pMDe thene
ce Sfa ce M
FngetpmSM pM CPeGmonent (Penannt ane
nnatopmoto)
SynchaoiQs Cuent
Synchoano Rots teo
Gois
Roto
.nagnet age
tupes
megnt
Machine of
biect
PM
Dìncct Toque Contool DThe DTC hence 1equioS loUo Computor
Dctc
powe cohen implmet Dure
Parr
of Sync honoug Moto digitay:
-quantiz Ih system shoUS quitt go0c
dynamic pesfoance but chowos
poo Gtead ate since vo ltage
Gteac state
oc4ioo citeig gi lse to
HYslensis
Lookup vo ltd g
Sace hlgh oipple level in sicrto
Tuble
Moto Ciant.
G Cu91e nt Tansfoom
abc Gpux stimator
Secto CalulatonToauc .Calcy loto
Fuxand
C LocK- uP tuble
estimto

The po110 CTPle of DTC is to dieHy selec

’ CuUe nt Toransfom The cwnent labe is
voltuge neferlnce
vectoS ccOcling to diffeor
betueenacfual value of toque and
tnonsfomec in to diHe ct cnc quacdlat
COm porent usinq park anstosnation.
Huz lËn Kage ,
into aiaect and quaclute cxis
(ompaed in Hystsis com pCuado MpaS qd 9efernce dohich does
)Defpending on eoNôn a vo Hage angulas infomaton
vecto
ages of0TC iis locw complexts D Fus Esimatos 3- Now thet iqo) is knocon,
and t anly Sequies ane.ofthe the cigncl cuninus into flux esinatiar
motog panamet, Statoh siicta
No pulse colcth nodulaHon s Deton calculatien.The onlool action takn
All calcula on ag don in stetongs
appyinq avectoo in fux di ction and
positi on is euss Aoaosnrsec by app ylng vecton
tloeo posîttooften must be krnown t, inotcti al diectio
’Toque and Fux
(ompcuto.
&stimatecl toqe and fu C FOC
ojth th conmand Uelues The d1tron mon- inea that DFoC uscs inear con tolla
betoeen estimated and Command ou.Gcc4ly gencat voltag and pulse coicl th mocdulatio
CompaO o t hysters| CoMpacct Ve cto in qbSence o 4o corntiol funca ncntal
moul ato corn ponent of load yoH 2c

Adlvantages DTt shous sloco

OTC is sobuSt as it uses only one
Paocme of moto o i.e strtoo 9ies istra cdynamic c sponse dynamic olsponse
JA does not sequise positon decoo
o complexity
goocl dyamiC response.
Con fo10|le o, Contsolle fan statoo
CUents
Disacvantage
3Tt is \ess complex 3t ts comelex to
High Torque oipplo thanFoc. impleneot
Dstto es istan ce value y chan o HËg h Ripple l01ue pLoÓe e ipple and
to temeeaue cohtçhnay coLLse eSUOU and distonton.
in clisto ntio o
estima tisn leacing to instabilty
poo steacy stcte o espinse. STH is sensitie of ) Senitie tooto
Gtato essta nCe costeAnt

SToque ond tlux Indiectly contollk

cllaectuy (Torsue ane?uir.

Tc ha, hasmonicg Foc ha lorwc hananic

less fAcieney thn cohich means betteL
ofrenuy ther Tc
STt does not sequiTt Uequl s
 3tuses
Paramteoe d4
dnce
DFeecl
back andl
Gseqency contols
Hhat
the
laionghip
&voltey
ueny Lincan
beteusen
applicctoo
peed
eqse
ecise moto magnHucle
ofchoseo
quantity
v)E t
TH fan \G
than Is
i and
\essConyco
pume, Usec q
wec cohich to ciOsec
sinples
Comt16] Scal a
to e Con4 o! adjust as
icie \o0p Open
coto lo
V ethod
mot
tagqy. v4. loop

oLless cotol
vecto Dex-
iane, enfoim
cljnamicanchigh
ance CAwert to and contunols
quanHHee ho a
nesponge. Oine vecto complex Vecto
oior
pesib eHienayi iust
a Contotot ecto
eleuto ield ct Fage bete

app loQu, contol

leo(ta anc me
jen tho
tost phex
to ge dea
conthal
and
moto ans oa

7
used (lake
Jmplementaing
fogme
ABc Csie teoo.
domain
The qonal into The Clanke Clar
signal
into Dc he qn
outhogor Pak clante in
çompaution Cormponensn taoo
andl
t Stationay and.
componen}s
tcnsfomms tnansfonms EOC
and components
Penk Patk
OfOf
uoltge this
by dynannic 3-
3-Toansto
teo fotme onsfom
conyerinq qB of3- p
caVe thing teiconens in the Ac
Page Dorz
tamo
fonotying o1tho
(aß).
foem machine. om
sinp system ime
fc a
to
lie
 (
aB abc Block Is
System Systemn in in
ae abc se Lo eaual
impleent
foqcme
he the
In,Stahio
ekznce
gey efeence to
component
components
stonay
etonceame
z010
Clanke
frarne
of 4ns
f: l'ge Dute

teoo 34
SyStem. form
Componnt
Anls

inlstattoranyname (,B,o)9The ’
S0i ) componcnts
fhamo in
Copmponert
asse
Pask
Syste
phce m
anc
clan Angle
Pank
components
ton Táns
k
he dsignb-cos0
B to
as
zeho ae balanced
-the Pas fos
CoseSino Tins
components
anthe k. equal
20910to
component stationy In
Componcnts of
clank
conase1m fo
3 to
1 |30
system, ,
(dy
Ot
tonsfoo
4,o)
efeone t zOn0
f
the
 by ) ’Tnc ’hs FPosiHo
’(losed
Th cuhi C1conDhe
qennqtotO
Conto
09ic
Onco
CUSUens ch
cUvnt tonque Daive
do. detne hollespeed encodes Gunerat fall Rise p1(onbnoll
loop
tho command
Commgndi to
aUe thoohich conGo Speed
cto
injecte..
clee yie 8ensct signaCon70)Stoiteh
phcye ld
lopcUNt
dercle is
snocessed
tooque5
osition. p
and Jivn
Moto SRM Constert
Cofolled
qienrtoCwtunt ConetA|D
.coinding
s Poye Cote
main.sots icY to
conmand Imin
ohich hyStsis thogha Conee Logic
andcommang sN
is imtn.
gin e

c t , ootstuto
to
calculated ne

l&

fom. and
magnituce
indutene
ancdmx fell
angle

Poae Datz
* DSP Dt

Avantages Paye

)The Simplificcation b, Konplex conto and estim aton is

makeS the Solution less
of 0sP
ohich s a n acded odvonteg costly ngt possiblo colthout pse.
lhe SPconiolleopnoielsfactlM
The Hexible alqosithm can be deeoe Such cly Monito Data Acqulstior
that is casy to compute. cwill be Dato stoge and: aaning ,diagno sthie
possible coith the help af Diate
Siqnal Rono cessng ’ Once he olaoithm s teate d
’!he sP Contoole effez 4O millloo and ploacloc Dse.
instucHon pc second pesfohMon Ce.
This high speed poacessing qives > Hardware Simphticafo
tal tine confool ocomputcation ’Flexible Algosithm
ath than ’No Noise, No EMI
No Osift o Panamet
table Vaiation.
lhé DS P a10duces no moise apo
mo ele comgntic
’Montoning, Data- Accuuis
otefesce ’Estimation and Con too
makina it ieliablo systtm. ossibi tity of Unieuel
Handw
he psp contnoles eliminatey the ’Compattble coith-pC
signal clft and pagmetts vaniatia
The bse peeiphcnals poowicle
aaalo to ataital conversion and

he 0SPËs l00
of Slanal ave accasale,uith
avehto an unle
cono
’Shott- Note on Dotc
Foue
’The LF2404 peoiphia's jnc Lucls
Dar2

event Manages Page.

TMSLF2404 y Gheneal Pupose time
pulse coldth Mo dulatio0 Gcnadtto
The 1exas Jnstoum e0 T6MS LE 2t Analug to pigital Conkezulah
0sP mico1oContolleo
dËgital contnolle ceoith c2xx as GpIO
the come pu 0CES a , h e 3 coatch clog timer
Contoains the coo1e p10 cess Q and PLL
peinipinals cmbe dcled on an sing
chip aoith on memouy chip0hich
hclps us e design compact onol
simple Salution fon diqitl conto)
SyStem
ins tuetHon
The LF2407 offrs H0mjllian peu
ceeonck pentamon ce cohich is
Vey Gultuble fo oLeal time
Coeputation Sithon than look-Up
appoKí mati on, This fLst putoman
iG Coell suited to 4he applica%
cf sensoleSS moto Con)s,o) and
notch ildrs.

TheLF240t ofess othonugefu

peiphn als fos the apeiicatioo
GAequinlng
eonvnkus
Anaag to- digitel
and also pulse cuidth
mo dulctor
gencs otion Tt also
hcus commnicatOn
easpheas
communicate culhèxtenal P
ana DSs
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instuction
imeCycle
 ’Explajn
PThe ud
to The
Megicte offCompad
High the The on
CHhen knaon
pelo s aoith
continuosly
counting
gencgtePaony va
eiom pen pulse PaOM
compane aohat
tine metch
tÒ o fixed PoM
acttTxpoM
HT
gh Times
Lo assmmetlc ano coidth cuave
of coHh the
cio The om
matek plse occUns pattein
counten
thn foequeny
foim
Mocule
Tie
vaue pulse dThe
vco p to
countinq slq
AetivD is
LocD 100: is in
Actiu is o
o asHme5 oal coidth
coith
doehooE a
constanfty
to bein s
Symmotalc
coDHquod imeocoMleO but
seIes
tlah,heOutput
ctty counte.
fodlgivern Page Date Se
elac) ismoddulat
cevanying
of
pulse
clependont aoillpeiod et of
toggs pulsa
ohen fo, bae Tht
on be
anc

Block
RectiHieo
oive
BLOC
diagam

Cusent
Sens
Genrato
Cuvent
conto)
PI
PuoM etcuit Invejes
SCe
VOTfuge

of
Conto1\e Dsp
VIs DSP
Lconto)
Spee based
Page
Dete
MotoBLDC
Mato BLD
SensoU. Hall
Tntncs