July 06, 2011

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July 06, 2011

TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-119.36, Rev. 0

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 SCOPE

2.0 PURPOSE

3.0 PARALLEL OPERATION OF TRANSFORMERS IN THREE PHASE SYSTEM

3.1 Parallel Operation Requirement

3.2 Paralleing new Power Transformer with Existing Power Transformer

3.3 Matching Three Phase Connections and Phase Relations

3.4 Difference in ratio and circulating current

4.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

TESP11936R0/KSM Date of Approval: July 06, 2011 PAGE NO. 2 OF 7


TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-119.36, Rev. 0

1.0 SCOPE

This standard covers requirement of Power Transformer Vector Group Matching in


Transmission Substations of Saudi Electricity Company (SEC), Saudi Arabia.

2.0 PURPOSE

The purpose of this standard is to define the requirements for Parallel operation of
transformers for various vector groups applicable for SEC Transmission substation which
are specified in Table 02- 6 of TES-P-119.02. Power Transformer shall meet all the
requirements specified in 53-TMSS-01 and 53-TMSS-02.

3.0 PARALLEL OPERATION OF TRANSFORMERS IN THREE PHASE SYSTEM

3.1 Parallel Operation Requirement

Parallel operation means direct terminal-to-terminal connection between


transformers in the same installations. Two-winding transformers are considered
here. The same logic shall be used for three single phase transformers.

Requirement for sucessful parallel operaions are:

3.1.1 The same phase-angle relation i.e. clock-hour number (Possibility of


paralling different vector groups are discussed separately)

3.1.2 The same voltage ratio with some tolerance and similar tapping range;

3.1.3 The same relative short-circuit impedance – with some tolerance. This also
means that the variation of relative impedance across the tapping range
should be similar for the two transformers.

3.1.4 Same phase sequence

3.1.5 The same power rating preferably. However mismatch of relative loading of
not more than 10% between transformers of non-identical design shall be
regarded as reasonable per clause 6.0 of IEC 60076-8.

3.1.6 Specified and guaranteed ratio and impedance parameters are subject to
tolerances, according to table 1 of IEC 60076-1. However in special cases
such as when the transformer is to be paralleled with existing transfomer etc.,
narrower impedance tolerance shall be specified in the Scope Of Work and
Technical Specification (SOW/TS).

3.2 Paralleling new Power Transformer with Existing Power Transformer

It is important that Scope Of Work and Technical Specification for new transformer
which is intended for parallel operation with a specific existing transformer shall
contain the existing transformer Technical Data. The following shall be considered:
TESP11936R0/KSM Date of Approval: July 06, 2011 PAGE NO. 3 OF 7
TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-119.36, Rev. 0

3.2.1 It is not advisable to combine transformers of widely different power rating


The percentage impedance for optimal designs varies with the size of the
transformer.

3.2.2 Transformers built according to different design concepts are likely to


present different impedance levels and different variation trends across the
tapping range.

3.2.3 Any mismatch data shall be checked properly such as the tapping voltage.
Also whether the staggering steps permit reasonable operation of
transformer in parallel shall also be checked.

3.3 Matching Three Phase Connections and Phase Relations

The common three-phase transformer connections are shown in figure 36-01. In each
block, one or two clock numbers are indicated by permutation. This means, for
example, that if the secondary terminals of a transformer with clock number 1 were
quite simply re-named by cyclic permutation (II becomes I, III becomes II and I
becomes III), then the phase displacement is changed by 120 electrical degrees to
clock number 5. Consequently, transformers with connection clock numbers
differing by 4 or 8 can be connected in parallel after cyclic permutation of the
connections to the line on either side of the transformer.

It is even possible to combine transformers having clock numbers 1 or 5 with


transformers having clock numbers 11 or 7 by reversing the phase sequence on both
sides of either transformer. The requirements are illustrated in Figure 36-01.

Parallel connections of Dyn and Yzn are not recommended because of different zero
sequence impedance properties.

3.4 Difference in ratio and circulating current

As already stated in clause 3.1.2 transformer to be paralled shall have the same
voltage ratio.If two transformers with slight different ratios are energized this will
result in circulating current between the transformers. The magnitude of current is
derived as follows:

The difference between the induced no-load voltage U1 and U2 expressed as fraction
of "p" of the average voltage is given by :
(U  U 2 )
p  (U 1  U 2 ) / 1
2
U U2
= 1 (Eq.36-1)
Ur
Where: P = Fraction of rated voltage
U1 = Induced no-voltage for Transformer No. 1
U2 = Induced no-voltage for Transformer No. 2
Ur = Rated Voltage

TESP11936R0/KSM Date of Approval: July 06, 2011 PAGE NO. 4 OF 7


TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-119.36, Rev. 0

The circulating current Ic and the corresponding reactive power Qc expressed as a


fraction of rated current Ir and rated power Sr of the respective transformers will be
approximately

Ic Q p
 c  (Eq. 36-2)
I r1 S r1 S
Z 1  r1 xZ 2
Sr2

Ic Q ( p)
 c  (Eq. 36-3)
I r2 Sr2 S
Z 2  r 2 xZ1
S r1
Where :
p = Fraction of average voltage
Ic = Circulating Current
Ir1 = Rated Current for Transformer No. 1
Ir2 = Rated Current for Transformer No. 2
Sr1 = Rated Power for Transformer No. 1
Sr2 = Rated Power for Transformer No. 2
Z1 = Short circuit Impedance of Transformer No.1
Z2 = Short circuit Impedance of Transformer No. 2

If both power transformers have the same rated power and the same short circuit
impedance the expression will be as follows:

Ic p
± (Eq. 36-4)
Ir 2Z

Where :
Z = Short circuit impedance of each transformer.
Ir = Rated cirrent for each Transformer

TESP11936R0/KSM Date of Approval: July 06, 2011 PAGE NO. 5 OF 7


TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-119.36, Rev. 0

Figure 36-01 : Common three-phase transformer connections, and paralleling possibilities

TESP11936R0/KSM Date of Approval: July 06, 2011 PAGE NO. 6 OF 7


TRANSMISSION ENGINEERING STANDARD TES-P-119.36, Rev. 0

4.0 BIBLIOGRAPHY

4.1 IEC 60076-8, “Power transformers –Application guide"

TESP11936R0/KSM Date of Approval: July 06, 2011 PAGE NO. 7 OF 7

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