CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.0:Introduction
The internet of things, or IoT, is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital
machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers and the ability to transfer
data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction. Fuel-
management systems are designed to effectively measure and manage the use of fuel within the
transportation and construction industries. This information can be then stored in computerized systems
and reports generated with data to inform management practices. This enables consumption control,
cost analysis and tax accounting for fuel purchases. Modern vehicle tracking systems commonly use
GPS technology for locating the vehicle, but other types of automatic vehicle location technology can
also be used. As fuel cost is rising constantly, people are facing fuel theft at petrol pumps. In that,
vehicle owners do not calculate how much quantity of fuel needs in a day or in a week. Time is
important for efficient goods transportation system such as real time tracking and reducing financial
fuel loss of vehicles is rapidly increased. This can be overcame by using real time tracking vehicle
system, such as a system which monitors current amount of fuel via mobile application. The new driver
does not know where is the nearest fuel pumps from his current location. This android application helps
to find nearest fuel pumps. A driver can easily target the nearby pump fuel and reach there within a few
times. Using this approach, a vehicle owner will help the user to monitor and control all of the vehicles
from a remote location. In the present situation, this project plays a vital role in vehicle activities.
Nowadays, real time fuel-filled and fuel consumption in vehicles is not maintained. For this kind of
problem, when the driver starts filling fuel in the tank, the ultrasonic sensor gets activated and store
data on the mobile application. Some of the drivers can drive without asking his vehicle owner. At that
time, the driver used the vehicle for rental or personal use. By utilized the mobile application, the owner
can trace all the vehicles in the same period, find very nearest fuel pump from the vehicle location,
notify when fuel goes to a certain level. The proposed vehicle activities monitoring system is reliable,
easy to implement and user friendly, which keeps monitoring through the mobile application. Tracking
vehicles has always been a problem with transport vehicles or cargo vehicles for big companies dealing.
This project is useful for transportation companies. The private car owners also can be benefited from
using the project.(Priyadharshini et al., 2023)
This chapter will Discuss the following points, Background Of the Project, Problem statements,
Objectives of the project, Significance of the projects
1.1 Background of the project
In current times, petroleum is a very limited resource. As a result fuel prices climb higher every day. It
has become more than difficult for the average human being to keep up with the skyrocketing prices of
fuel every day. Adding to that are fuel thefts by fuel sellers/providers which result in more financial
loss for the common people. Tampering of fuel apparatus at gas stations is not uncommon these days,
resulting in customers paying more than the amount of fuel they actually purchase. This calls for a
system on the customer’s side to be put in place to track their fuel intake to avoid financial losses. Many
technologies provide the solution for the above mentioned problem. Especially, Internet of Things(IoT)
can help control and monitor the fuel consumption and level of fuel in the tank. Internet of Things (IoT)
is a concept that allows a variety of things to have a presence in an environment and to be interconnected
by the virtue of wired or wireless connections and unique addressing schemes. These devices (things)
are capable of interacting with each other and cooperate over this network resulting in new
applications/services and reach varied goals. This concept converges the real, the digital and the virtual
devices to create smart environments that make areas like energy, transport, cities, etc. more intelligent.
The primary goal of Internet of Things (IoT) is to enable devices to be connected anytime, anywhere
using any path/network and service. Edge analytics is a fairly new branch of data analytics that involves
analyzing the gathered data at the edge (or the site of the device, sensor, etc.) rather than transporting
all the data to the main site. This not only helps save time but also saves space occupied by unnecessary
data.(kumar P et al., 2019)
Globally: Fuel is an integral element in Saudi Arabia, supporting industries, transport and daily routine.
As fuel consumption rises so too does demand for effective solutions to manage it efficiently; one
effective strategy to do this is using an effective monitor the Fuel Tank which not only guarantees
maximum utilization but can also cut expenses and improve operations efficiency. Saudi Arabia, one
of the leading oil producing countries worldwide, boasts an expansive infrastructure for fuel storage
and distribution. To ensure smooth transportation of this vital source of energy for their nation’s
transportation of fuel supply chain. Fuel Tank Monitoring in Saudi Arabia plays an integral part by
providing precise information regarding levels, theft prevention measures and reduction in waste
generation.
Regionally: A fuel level monitoring system in South Africa is a must, as the so-called gold liquid often
becomes a subject to theft in the country. This way, the client used to lose the fuel amount equal to
$15700 every month. So they needed a fuel tank monitoring system to cope with the problem. The
company’s managing director, Siviwe Radebe, believes that the leader should be on the project site to
inspire the team and ensure the quality of work. As a result, he spends most of his time out of the office
and needed a fuel theft control system with push notifications to get the latest fleet data at any time,
even on the construction site. For better staff, cargo, and vehicle safety, the customer also required a
driver behavior monitoring solution To save the construction materials from being stolen, the client
wanted to know when a tipper truck delivers a load each time. Mahlubi Transport and Plant Hire were
also looking for ways of fine-tuning customer service. Therefore, they needed a tracking solution that
would allow sharing vehicle locations with clients.(Tracking Africa, 2022)
Locally: In Somalia, implementing an IoT-based fuel monitoring system could transform how fuel is managed,
particularly in sectors like transportation, logistics, and power generation. Such a system would involve installing
fuel sensors in tanks and vehicles to monitor fuel levels and consumption in real time. Data collected by these
sensors would be transmitted to a cloud platform, accessible via a dashboard, allowing operators to track fuel
usage, detect leaks or theft, and optimize routes based on fuel efficiency.
Given Somalia's developing infrastructure, this type of system could address common challenges such
as fuel wastage and unauthorized usage. It would improve resource management, helping businesses
cut costs and operate more sustainably, even in remote areas where fuel supply is critical. While this
technology is not yet widely adopted in Somalia, its potential to streamline fuel usage and provide
insights for better decision-making could make it a valuable investment for industries across the
country.
1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The need of a gas detection system isn't only to watch the environment continuously but also must
prevent the further leakage of gas within the environment to attenuate the probabilities of fireside.
Leakage of any sort of gas has become a drag in present times whether it's with regard to a domestic
household, factory, kitchens in restaurants, canteens, etc. A gas leakage detection system makes use of
gas sensors (depending on the need of the place). The proposed system makes use of an MQ2 sensor
for detection of LPG leakage. The first objective of this project is to supply a completely unique means
for safely detecting any malfunction of a pressurized facility so as to stop accumulation of combustible
gases in order that damage or explosion thanks to such an accumulation of gases is prevented.(IoT
BASED GAS MONITORING SYSTEM USING ARDUINO, 2020)
1.3 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
1. What are the existing methods and limitations of traditional fuel monitoring systems?
2. How can IoT technology improve the accuracy and reliability of fuel monitoring systems?
3. How can Arduino-based systems be utilized to design and implement an IoT fuel monitoring
system?
4. What are the key components and sensors required to measure fuel levels accurately in real-time?
5. How can fuel consumption data be effectively transmitted, processed, and displayed using IoT
technologies?
6. What security measures are necessary to ensure data integrity in an IoT-based fuel monitoring
system?
7. What are the cost implications and scalability of implementing this system for large-scale or
industrial applications?
8. How does an IoT-based system impact maintenance and management of fuel resources compared
to traditional systems?
1.4 PROJECT OBJECTIVES
1.4.1 General objective
To design and implement an efficient, real-time IoT-based fuel monitoring system using Arduino
technology that provides accurate fuel level tracking, enhances security against fuel theft, and improves
fuel management efficiency for vehicles and fuel-dependent industries.
Nowadays the price of fuel is become a headache for daily life thus the number of fuel thieves are also
increased day by day. Many times the case of stealing fuel illegally from the fuel tank of the bike are
caught on street CCTV cameras. Because of this the fuel track drivers also feel a lack of safety during
long way transmission and security at petrol pumps are must needed. Sometimes the vehicles are also
harmed at the time of the crime. It’s not a very easy task to stop this type of crime by applying any
rules. This can be done only if the thieves can be caught at the time of the crime.(Firdaus et al., 2020)
1.4.2 Specific objective
To Develop a Real-Time Fuel Level Monitoring System
Create a system capable of measuring and displaying real-time fuel levels to help detect unusual
changes, which may indicate fuel theft or leakage.
To Implement Theft Detection and Alert Mechanisms
Design and integrate an alert system that triggers notifications (such as SMS or app alerts) if fuel levels
decrease suddenly or unexpectedly, helping to prevent and manage theft incidents.
To Ensure Data Accuracy and Reliability Using Arduino Technology
Utilize Arduino microcontrollers and sensors to achieve precise measurements of fuel levels, ensuring
reliability and consistency in data collection.
To Transmit and Store Fuel Data Using IoT Connectivity
Enable the system to transmit fuel data wirelessly to cloud servers or mobile applications for remote
monitoring and data storage, providing users with access to historical data for analysis.
To Improve Fuel Resource Management and Efficiency
Provide users with detailed reports and analytics on fuel usage to aid in fuel resource planning,
minimize waste, and enhance operational efficiency for individuals and businesses.
To Increase the Safety and Security of Vehicles During Transit
Enhance driver and vehicle security by offering real-time tracking of fuel levels, particularly useful for
fleet management and long-distance transport.
1.5 THE SCOPE OF THE SYSTEM
The scope of the system for the IoT-based fuel monitoring system using Arduino is to monitor fuel
levels in real time, detect fuel theft, transmit data to a cloud server, provide a user-friendly interface for
data visualization, and ensure secure access to information, with scalability for both individual vehicles
and fleet management.
Contents scope
This study Conducted the language of C++ PHP and MSQL
Geographically
This study is conducted To Somfuel company in Mogadishu-somalia
Time Scope
This study is started in OCTOBER 2024 and ends to JANUARY 2025
1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE PROJECT
The Fuel Management System is a device that helps transport corporations and logistics companies
monitor fuel consumption and prevent fuel theft. It collects data and generates reports that can be
accessed through mobile or web-based applications. The benefits of having a Fuel Management System
include reduced operational costs, improved efficiency, and easy access to data. It can also be paired
with a GPS tracker to receive alerts when there is a fuel theft or to monitor driver routes. The price of
fuel has been on the rise, and fuel theft is rampant across the country. Transport companies and logistics
operators are some of the few who face this crisis. Thus increasing the need to be more vigilant and
take necessary measures to prevent fuel theft and also implement a way to systematically monitor fuel
consumption.Every business has an ultimate purpose, which is to yield an enormous profit and stand
ahead of competitors with limited expense and optimum utilization of the resources. In terms of
transport corporation and logistics firms, the fuel cost is something they keep in mind and would need
to micromanage to make the company sustainable in the long run. The Fuel Management System helps
in monitoring the fuel level and fuel usage by the use of Fuel monitoring devices. The device collects
the data and generates reports that can be obtained through the mobile or web-based application. The
fleet owners can analyze this data and figure the potholes and make necessary preventive actions
towards it The Fuel management system is easy to install and track. The device is fitted to the nozzle
of the fuel tank, which is compatible with any type of vehicle. With the usage of the fuel management
system, one can reduce the operational cost and make optimum utilization of the fuel by having a track
of it. If there has been a fuel theft and the vehicle has a fuel monitoring device and also the GPS tracker,
you’ll receive the push-alerts to your mobile or web-based application when and where the fuel theft
has taken place.
Benefits
• Reduces the operational cost acquired by fuel usage.
• Receives a warning when there is a sudden change in the fuel levels.
• Reports help in analyzing the cost and usage.
• Reduces the man-hours utilized to maintain track of fuel level and usage.
• Easy access to the reports with the mobile and web application in a snap of fingers.
• When the fuel management is coped up with the GPS tracker, it is easy to know which route the
driver uses and if it is a cost-effective one.
• When the transport is at a stop, and there is a fuel theft, you’ll receive alerts including the vehicle
location when you have the GPS tracker.
Fuel Management System will enable your company to reduce your operational costs with the data
interpretation, with which you can increase the efficiency of your operations.
1.7 PROJECT ORGANIZATION
Chapters Descriptions
Chapter One The internet of things, or IoT, is a system of
interrelated computing devices, mechanical
and digital machines, objects, animals or
people that are provided with unique
identifiers and the ability to transfer data over
a network without requiring human-to-human
or human-to-computer interaction.
1.8 CHAPTER SUMMARY
In current times, petroleum is a very limited resource. As a result fuel prices climb higher every day. It
has become more than difficult for the average human being to keep up with the skyrocketing prices of
fuel every day. Adding to that are fuel thefts by fuel sellers/providers which result in more financial
loss for the common people. Tampering of fuel apparatus at gas stations is not uncommon these days,
resulting in customers paying more than the amount of fuel they actually purchase.