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Summarize Spoken Text Answers

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Kabya Shrestha
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17 views2 pages

Summarize Spoken Text Answers

Uploaded by

Kabya Shrestha
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1. Technological nature refers to a computerized picture of a natural scene.

To find out if this has


the same beneficial effect as a real scene, put a group of people in a room with a real view and
another group in a room with a virtual view. The group in the room with the real view will
recover more quickly from stress than the other group.

2. Lawyers rely on what their witnesses can remember of an event in a criminal trial. If new
information is introduced to a witness, it may make their memory unreliable. This has been
illustrated in research. If subjects watch a video of a crime and then hear an account that
includes new information not shown on the video, their memory of the video can also include
new and unreliable information.

3. The speaker says modern economic circumstances have changed the nature of loyalty. People
no longer work for the same company for life, and companies today must adapt to a large
employee turnover as workers take up new opportunities elsewhere. People will be loyal while
they are in a given job, but may move on. However, companies do function better socially and
economically when they have a core group of long-term employees.

4. The speaker explains why Latin writing was so outstanding, especially as compared to the other
arts. The main reason was the nature of the language itself, which is capable of great
compression. Another factor was the Roman educational system, which concentrated on
language and literature. One drawback was that, as education was only available to the rich, the
subject matter of Latin literature is fairly limited.

5. The two main types of aid for developing countries are mentioned. One is long-term aid for
countries with problems that money alone cannot fix (drought, poor agriculture), and the other
is emergency aid, which includes the basic things needed immediately following a natural
disaster. For long-term problems, it is more important to teach the skills needed to develop the
economy, and to organize and run social services than to give cash aid.

6. It is not language change that the speaker is complaining about because this is in the nature of
language and there is nothing to stop it. What matters to him is that, generally, standards of
both spoken and written English have dropped among his students and, more seriously perhaps,
among professional writers such as journalists.

7. Something comparable to today's newspapers began during the time of Julius Caesar, who set
up the posting of news-sheets in the busiest meeting places in Rome. These contained the latest
news concerning wars, sports, gossip, and so on. Scribes, who were often slaves, would act as
news gatherers for those not in Rome, and could even make enough money out of it to buy their
freedom.
8. Drawing a comparison with changes in fashion, the speaker examines the ups and more
frequent downs in the reputation of the poet, Alexander Pope. Hugely popular in his own day,
succeeding generations - the Romantics followed by the Victorians - found him not to their
taste, and heavily criticized him and his poetry. It was not until the early 20'h century that his
work became appreciated and popular again.

9. In the interview, a professor talks about psycho-geography, saying it is not an academic


discipline. It is basically the study of the psychological effects of the environment on us,
especially the urban environment, and its aim is to get us to be more attentive to and critical of
our surroundings and the atmosphere and emotions they evoke.

10. The speaker tells us how difficult it is to talk of the history of the novel if we don't have a
definition of what the novel is and does. This is complicated by the various types of novels and
their subject matter. He does say, though, that the English novel, as we understand novels
today, began in the late 17th century.

11. This is about the problem of consciousness and the possibility - or impossibility - of knowing for
certain how another person thinks or feels. We may, through our own experience and observing
others, make rational and sometimes accurate guesses, but we can never really know for sure.

12. In the interview, a professor of English is asked whether English is an easy subject at university,
because all you have to do is read books. The professor argues that this is not true, saying that
not only do students have to read a lot of books in a short time, but they also develop critical
abilities and gain an understanding of the cultural context surrounding the books they read.

13. The speaker draws on personal experience to describe the behavior of crowds. He tells us of
how he got caught up in a demonstration that turned violent and how he felt about this and
how his feelings changed during the demonstration. He concludes that in crowds the individual
is lost in the group mind and follows where the crowd goes, which gives one a sense of freedom
from responsibility.

14. This is about John Milton the poet, but the speaker believes you can get a better idea of what
Milton believed socially and politically by reading his prose writings. He wrote about many
subjects, including divorce, but the most relevant to us today is his pamphlet or essay on
freedom of expression and publication, and which is against all forms of censorship.

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