Teachers' Service Commission

Lower Secondary Level Curriculum of Subjective Examination- 2076

Subject: Science Full Marks: 100 Time: 3 Hrs

Section A
Unit One: Teaching Mechanics and Heat
1.1 System of Measurement: Measurement, SI unit, relation between FPS, CGS and MKS system of
measurement, scalar and vector quantities, fundamental and derived units, local and standard
measurement, measurement of solid and liquid
1.2 Force, Rest and Motion: Force and motion, uniform and non- uniform motion, distance and
displacement, speed, velocity, acceleration and retardation, equations, inertia, Newton’s laws of
motion, Newton's laws of gravitation, force and momentum and circular motion
1.3 Heat: Introduction, temperature and pressure, thermometer and units, specific heat capacity,
transmission and absorption, relation between Celsius and Fahrenheit
1.4 Pressure: Pressure and its measurement, atmospheric pressure and pressure in a fluid, density of a
body and relative density, solution of numerical problem and application of pressure in daily life
1.5 Energy, Power and Work: Kinetic and potential energy, power and work, transformation of
energy, alternative energy sources, energy conservation, numerical problem, simple machine,
mechanical advantage, efficiency and velocity ratio of simple machines
Unit Two: Teaching Wave, Electricity and Magnetism
2.1 Wave: Simple harmonic motion of simple pendulum, oscillation and waves characteristics of wave
motion, light and sound as a wave.
2.2 Light: Nature, properties and propagation of light, luminous and non luminous body, laws of
reflection, law of refraction, critical angle and total internal reflection, concave and convex lens,
real and virtual image, magnification, defects of vision and correction
2.3 Sound: Nature, source, properties and medium propagation, amplitude, frequency, wavelength,
velocity, relation V=fλ, reflection of sound with some practical applications, ultra sound, musical
sound and noise
2.4: Current Electricity and Magnetism: Electric circuit, static electricity and current electricity, dry
cell, series and parallel combination of cells, e. m. f., potential difference, heating effect of current,
Faradays laws of electromagnetic induction, dynamo, generator and transformer, magnetic effect
of current
2.5 Magnetism: Properties, magnetic material, natural and artificial magnet, methods of preparation of

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 magnets, magnetic induction, molecular theory of magnetism, electromagnet, magnetic field and
magnetic lines of forces, dip and dip circle
Unit Three: Teaching Earth and Space
3.1 Earth : External and internal structure, time scale and evolution of life, earth quake
3.2 Universe: Origin of Solar system, constellation, eclipse, phases of moon, satellites, meteors,
meteorites, comets, galaxies, astronomical instruments, big bang theory, tidal hypothesis, Nebular
hypothesis
3.3 Soil, Rocks and Mountain: Soil profile, soil formation, soil erosion, rocks, formation of mountain
3.4 Weather and Climate: Factors affecting weather, water cycle, weather forecast, climate, factors
affecting climate, climatic condition of Nepal and monsoon
Unit Four: Teaching Classification of Living Beings
4.1 Classification of Plants and Animals: Differences between plant and animal, monocotyledon and
dicotyledonous plants, gymnosperm and angiosperm, characteristics of cryptogams and
phanerogams, algae (spirogyra), fungi (mucor), bryophyta (marchantia), pteridophyta (pteridium),
characteristics of protozoa, porifera, coelenterata, platyhelminthes, aschelminthes, annelida,
arthropoda, mollusca, echinodermata, chordata
4.2 Microscopic Organisms:Bacteria and virus, common diseases caused by them with preventive
measures.
4.3 Modification and Adaptation: Modification of different parts of plant, plant adaptation (aquatic,
grassland, tropical rain forest and desert)
4.4 Cell Biology: Structure of plant and animal cells, cell types, cell organelles, plant tissue
(meristematic) and animal tissue (epithelial), and cell division
4.5 Life Process: Respiration in plants and animals, reproduction (asexual and sexual), pollination and
fertilization in plants. introduction to human systems (digestion, respiration, circulation, excretion,
reproduction and nervous) structure of flower and life cycle (mustard plant, mosquito and silk
worm)
Unit Five: Overview of Lower Secondary Level Science Curriculum
5.1. Curriculum and Textbook: Comparative study of science curriculum, textbooks and teachers
guide of grade 6 -8 .
5.2. Teaching Materials: Development and use of teaching and supplementary materials in science
teaching

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 5.3. Evaluation and Testing: Testing and evaluation in science teaching and specification grid.
5.4. Assessment: Continuous assessment system, grading system in student assessment
5.5. Teaching Learning Science: Science process skills, scientific method, approaches of teaching
science, science laboratory and safety measures

Section B
Unit Six: Teaching Basics of Physical Chemistry
6.1 Matter and Mixture: State, properties and classification of matter and mixture, process of
separation of mixture, solution, concentration of solution in terms of normality and molarities
6.2 Physical, Chemical Process and Bonding: Physical and chemical change, process involved in
chemical change, hardness of water, methods of removing hardness of water, properties of gas,
Boyle’s law, Charles's law, kinetic molecular theory of gas, Dalton’s law of partial pressure.
properties of solids, bond (ionic,
covalent, co-ordinate covalent, metallic, hydrogen), Vander Wall’s force, ionic and covalent
compounds.
6.3 Acids, Bases and Salts: Properties of acid, base and salt, mineral acids (HCl, HNO3 and H2SO4)
acid base indicators, pH scale, pH and pOH of solution, selection of acid base indicators using
titration curve
6.4 Atomic Structure: Discovery and properties of fundamental particles of atom Bohr’s model of
atom, electronic theory of valence, octet rule, Aufbau principle, periodic table, electronic
configuration of atom and ions, periodic law, classification of elements on the basis of electronic
configuration,
6.5 Energetic and Electrochemistry: First and second law of thermodynamics, entropy and enthalpy,
internal energy, electrolysis and electroplating, electrolytes
Unit Seven: Thermodynamics
7.1 Heat and Temperature: Molecular concept of thermal energy, heat, temperature and thermal
equilibrium
7.2 Thermal expansion: Linear, superficial, cubical expansion and define their corresponding
coefficients with physical meaning,
7.3 Quantity of Heat: Heat capacity, specific heat capacity, Newton' law of cooling and latent heat
7.4 First law of thermodynamics: State and explain first law with limitation, thermodynamic

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 process, reversible and irreversible process
7.5 Second Law of Thermodynamics: State and explain second second law of thermodynamics ,
compare second and first law and heat engine
Unit Eight: Basics of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry
8.1 Metallurgy: Metal, non metal, metalloid, alloys, mineral and ores, extraction, properties and uses
of Fe, Cu and Zn.
8.2 Some Inorganic Compounds: Laboratory preparation, properties and uses of gases ( oxygen,
hydrogen, nitrogen), allotropes of carbon, sulphur and phosphorus, chemistry of some important
compounds (green vitriol, blue vitriol and white vitriol, horn silver, sodium carbonate, iodine)
8.3 Basics of Organic Chemistry: Hybridization (involving s and p orbitals), tetra covalency and
catenation property of carbon, Preparation and properties of aliphatic hydrocarbons
8.4. Fundamental Principles: IUPAC name of the organic compounds, isomerism (concept and type)
8.5 Important Industrial Materials: Soaps and detergents (manufacture, cleansing action and effect),
chemical fertilizers (simple and mixed), pesticides, polymerization, preparation and uses of
polythene, PVC and Bakelite
Unit Nine: Microbiology and Genetics:
9.1 Bacteria (structure, mode of nutrition and growth), coronavirus (COVID-19)
9.2 Structure of DNA and RNA
9.3 DNA replication and genetic codes
9.4 Linkage: Concept, type and sex-linked inheritance
9.5 Mutation: Concept, type and importance
Unit Ten: Environmental Science
10.1 Ecology and Ecosystem: Introduction to ecology and ecosystem, components and types, food
chain, food web, ecological pyramid
10.2 Natural Resources and Environmental Balance: Natural resources, common medicinal plants
of Nepal and their uses, environmental degradation, role of human in environmental balance.
10.3 Biogeochemical Cycle: Biogeochemical cycles (carbon, water, nitrogen)
10.4 Pollution and Environment: Causes, effects and control of water, air and soil pollution, solid
waste and its management, green house effect, acid rain and ozone layer depletion
10.5 Biodiversity and Sustainable Development: Biodiversity of Nepal, factors responsible for
biodiversity degradation, sustainable development ( goals, policy and programmes in Nepal)

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 Specification Grid
Subject: Science Level: Lower Secondary
Units Content area Question Mark
Section :A
1 Teaching Mechanics and Heat 1 10

2 Teaching Wave, Electricity and Magnetism 1 10

3 Teaching Earth and Space 1 10

4 Classification of Living Beings 1 10
5 Overview of Lower Secondary Level Science Curriculum 1 10
Section:B
6 Basics of Physical Chemistry 10
7 Thermodynamics 10

8 Basics of Inorganic and Organic Chemistry 10

9 Microbiology and Genetics 10
10 Environmental Science 10
Total 10 100
Notes:
1. This curriculum is divided into sections A & Section B.
2. Generally from section A, questions will be asked related to pedagogy.
3. From section B questions will be asked covering cognitive level.
4. Separate answer sheets will be used for each section.
5. The medium of the language in written test will be either Nepali or English or both.
6. This curriculum will be effective from 207/03/ 03.