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    Class 10 Chapter Manufacturing Industries Important Questions and Answers:

    Q1. Air pollution is caused by the presence of __________.


    Options
    (a) Sulphur dioxide
    (b) Carbon monoxide
    (c) Both (a) and (b)
    (d) None of the above
    Ans. (c)
    Explanation:
    Common pollutants produced by engines that burn fossil fuels are carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides,
    sulphur dioxide, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and particulates. Stoves, incinerators, and
    open burning produce carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, as well as particulates.

    Q2.Which sector among the following is considered as the backbone in the overall economic
    development of a country?
    Options
    (a) Manufacturing sector
    (b) Service sector
    (c) Agriculture sector
    (d) None of the above
    Ans. (a)
    Explanation:
    The manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of development of a country.

    Q3.How many aluminium smelting plants are there in India and where are they located?
    Explanation:
    There are 8 aluminium smelting plants in India, located in Odisha, West Bengal, Kerala, Uttar
    Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu.

    Q4."Textile industry occupies a unique position in Indian economy." Support the statement with
    appropriate arguments.
    Explanation:
    The textile industry occupies a unique position in Indian economy because :
    (i) It contributes significantly to industrial production and it also provides employment.
    (ii) Earns foreign exchange of 24.6%.
    (iii) Its contribution towards the GDP is about 4%.

    Q5. Examine any five factors affecting the location of industries in India.
    Explanation:
    Factors affecting the location of industries in India are :
    1. Raw Material : The easy availability of raw materials is an important factor that affects the bay
    (now Mumbai) had supply of cotton coming from Gujarat and Vidarbha and the jute mills of
    Hooghly region got the raw material from the delta region of the Ganga. The nature of raw material
    also has a bearing on the location.
    2. Energy : Energy is another important factor that affects the location of an industry. For example,
    the iron and steel industry has been traditionally tied with the coal resources, as it uses coal as
    cooking fuel. Similarly, the electro-metallurgical and electro-chemical industries, being power
    intensive, have been located where electricity is easily available.
    3. Transport : A cheap and effective transport system is another factor that determines the location
    of an industry. Transport is required for carrying raw materials to manufacturing units and finished
    products to the market. The earliest industries developed near the port towns of Kolkata, Mumbai
    and Chennai, as these ports were linked with rail and road to the hinterland. This infrastructure for
    transport was further developed after Independence.
    4. Labour : Easy availability of cheap labour is another factor for the determination of the location
    of an industry. Unskilled labour is easily available in urban locations due to large rural-urban
    migration. One characteristic feature of labour as a factor of production is its mobility. The
    industrial belt around Mumbai attracts labour from all over the country. Some of the small-scale
    industries traditionally associated with labour are glass work (Firozabad), brass work
    (Moradabad), utensils (Yamunanagar in Haryana), silk sarees (Varanasi), carpets (Mirzapur), etc.
    5. Market : High demand and a satisfactory purchasing power give impetus to industrial
    development. Government policies facilitate expansion of the market and, thus, of the industry.
    Markets may be local, national or international.

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