Response to Periodic loading

(non-harmonic)

1
 Response to loading represented by Fourier Series

The response of a SDOF system to a periodic force

represented by its fourier series is found as the
superposition of the response to each component of
the series. When the transient is omitted, the
response of an undamped system to any sine term of
the series is given by using

xt  
F0 / k
sin  t , where r   n
1 r 2
 xn t  
bn / k
sin n t , where rn  n n
1  rn2

Similarly response to any cosine term is

xn t  
an / k
cos nt
1  rn2

The total response of an undamped SDOF system

may then be expressed as the superposition of the
responses of all the force terms of the series
including the response a0/k (steady state response)
to the constant force a0. Hence we have
 xt    
a0  1  an bn 
 cos nt  sin nt 
k n 11  rn2
k k 
For damped system: the steady state response for
general sine term of the series is given by

bn k sin nt    2rn n

1  r   2r 
xn (t )  where   tan1
, rn 
2 2 2 1  rn2
n
n n

Similarly for the cosine term of the series

an k cosnt   
1  r   2r 
xn (t ) 
2 2 2
n n
Total response

an k cosnt    bn k sin nt    

 
xt    
a0 
   



k n 1  1  r 2 2  2r 2  
1  rn  2rn 
2 

2 2
n n
Fourier series:

A periodic function (non-harmonic) may be

expressed as the summation of an infinite number
of sine and cosine terms. Such a sum is known as a
Fourier series.

For a periodic function, such as the one shown in

Figure, the fourier series may be written as
F(t)

T T
F t   a0  a1 cos t  a2 cos 2t  a3 cos 3t  .....  an cos nt 
.......  b1 sin t  b2 sin 2t  ..........  bn sin nt  .....

OR

F t   a0   an cos nt  bn sin nt



n 1

where ω = 2π/T is the frequency and T the

period of the function
  F t dt
1 t1 T
a0 
T t1

 F t  cos ntdt
2 t1 T
an 
T t1

 F t sin ntdt
2 t1 T
bn 
T t1
Find the fourier series representation of the
periodic force for which one period is shown in
Figure. Also derive the equation of steady state
response considering system undamped.
F(t)

F0

T/2
t

T
 F t   a0   an cos nt   bn sin nt
 

n 1 n 1

F t   F0 0  t  T/ 2
F t    F0 T/2  t  T

1 T /2 1 T
a0   F0 dt    F0 dt  0
T 0 T T /2
F0  T  F0  T
a0      T    0
T 2 T  2
 2 T /2 2 T
an   F0 cos ntdt    F0 cos ntdt  0
T 0 T T /2

2 T /2 2 T
bn   F0 sin ntdt    F0 sin ntdt
T 0 T T /2

2 F0   cos nt  2 F0   cos nt 

T /2 T

bn      
T  n  0 T  n  T / 2

 cos nπ   1n 
bn 
2 F0
n

1  (1) n 1
  
  cos nπ   1n 1 
 
 4 F0
bn  For n  1, 3, 5, 7,9,........
n
0 For n  2, 4, 6, 8,...........

F t   
4 F0
sin nt For n  1, 3, 5, 7,9,........


n 1 n

The response (steady state response)

xt   
4 F0
sin nt


  n  2

n 1   k
n 1, 3, 5

  n  
 
A single spring mass system has mass of 100kg,
damping ratio 5% and spring stiffness of 40kN/m is
loaded by a periodic load as shown in the Figure
Calculate the equation of the steady state of the
motion.
F(t)

500N

t
0 0.1 0.2 0.3
 2π 2π
   20
T 0.1

k 40,000
n    20 rad/sec
m 100
500
F (t)  t  5000t
0.1

1  0.1 
2
a0   5000tdt  5000   250
0.1

0.1 0  2 
 2 0.1
an   5000t cos 20ntdt
0.1 0

an  10 t  cos 20ntdt   t   cos 20ntdt dt 

5  0.1 0.1 d
 0.1
 
 0 0 dx 0  

 sin 20nt 0.1 sin 20nt


an  10 t
5
 1 dt 
 20n 0 20n 

 sin 20nt cos 20nt 

0.1

an  10 t 
20n   0
2 
5

 20n
  cos 20n0.1  cos 0 
an 
105 
0.1sin 20n0.1  0  
20n   20n 

 cos 2n  1

an 
105 
0.1sin 2n    0
20n   20n 

2 0.1
bn   5000t sin 20ntdt
0.1 0

  cos 20nt 0.1  cos 20nt


bn  10 t
5
 1 dt 
 20n 0 20n 
 10  sin 20nt 
0.1


5
bn   t cos 20 nt 
20n  20n  0
sin 2n  sin 0 
10 
  
5
bn   0.1 cos 2 n  0 
20n  20n 

10  0.1
5
500
bn   
20n n

F t   250  
500
sin 20nt


n 1 n
The response (steady state response)

500 n  40000

xt   sin 20nt   
250
40000 n 1 1  n 2 2 2  2  0.05  n 2



 2  0.05  n 
where   tan -1

 1 n  
2 2

0.0125 n
xt   6.25 10   sin 20nt   
1  n    0.1n 

3

n 1 2 2 2 2

 0.1n 
  tan 
-1
2 2 
1 n  
A single spring mass system has mass of 10kg and
spring stiffness of 1000N/m is loaded by a periodic
load as shown in the Figure. Derive the equation for
the displacement response of the system.

2kN

0.3 t
0 0.1 0.2 0.4

2kN
 2π 2π
   10
T 0.2

k 1,000
n    10 rad/sec
m 10

F (t)   20t  2 for 0  t  0.2

1  20t 
  20t  2dt 
1 0.2 2 0.2

a0    2t 
0.2 0 0.2  2 0
  20 0.2  
 20.2   0
1
2
a0  
0 .2  2 

  20t  2  cos10ntdt
2 0.2
an 
0.2 0

2 0.2
an    20t cos10ntdt   2 cos10ntdt  0
0.2

0.2 0 0

  20t  2 sin 10ntdt

2 0.2
bn 
0.2 0
   20t  2 sin 10ntdt
2 0 .2
bn 
0.2 0
2 0.2 
    
0.2
 20t sin 10 ntdt  2 sin 10 ntdt
0.2  0 0


  cos10nt 0.2  cos10nt  2 0.2

 200t  1 dt    2 sin 10ntdt
 10n 0 10n  0.2 0

sin 2n  sin 0  4  cos10nt 

 0.2 cos 2n  0 
200 
0 .2

     
10n  10n  0.2  10n  0
 4  cos 2n  1 4
  20  
n  10n  n

xt    sin 10nt

4  1
 n 1 n
A periodic motion observed on the oscilloscope is
illustrated in Figure. Represent this motion by
harmonic series.

F(t)

10kN

t
0 0.05 0.1 0.2 0.3
 2π 2π
   20
T 0.1
F (t)  200t for 0  t  0.05
F (t)   200t  20 for 0.05  t  0.1

a0 
1 0.05
    
0.1
 200t dt  200t 20 dt
0.1  0 0.05


1  200t  1  200t 
2 0.05 2 0.1

a0       20t 
0.1  2  0 0.1  2  0.05
 a0 
1
0.1
 2 2 2

1000.05  1000.1  200.1  1000.05  200.05

a0  5

 200t cos 20ntdt    200t  20 cos 20ntdt 

2 0.05 
an 
0.1


0.1  0 0.05 

an  I1  I 2

 
I1  20 200  t cos 20ntdt 
0.05

 0 
   sin 20nt 0.05 sin 20nt 
I1  20 200 t   1. 
  20n 0 20n 

  sin 20nt cos 20nt 

0.05

I1  20200 t  
2 
  20n 20n   0

 200cos n  1 
 2 2 cos n  1
10
I1  20  
 400 n   n
2 2

I 2  20   200t  20  cos 20ntdt   2 2 cos n  1

 0.1  10
0.05   n
 10
 n

an  I1  I 2  2 2  1  1  1   1
n n

40
an  2 2 for n  odd
 n
an  0 for n  even

 200t sin 20ntdt    200t  20 sin 20ntdt 

2 0.05 
bn 
0.1


0.1  0 0.05 
0

F t   5   2 2 cos 20nt
40
For n  1, 3, 5, 7,9,........


n 1 n 
A single spring mass system has mass of 100kg and
spring stiffness of 10kN/m is loaded by a periodic
load as shown in the Figure Calculate the equation of
the steady state of the motion.

F(t)

10kN

t
0 0.3 0.5 0.8
 2π 2π
   4
T 0.5

k 10,000
n    10 rad/sec
m 100

100
F (t)  t for 0  t  0.3
3
F (t)  0 for 0.3  t  0.5
 1 0.3 100t 
a0  dt   0dt   3
0.5

 
0.5  0 3 0.3 
2 0.3 100t 
an  cos 4ntdt   0 cos 4ntdt 
0.5

 
0.5  0 3 0.3 

10 sin 1.2n 8.33cos1.2n  1

an  
n  n
2 2

2 0.3 100t 
bn  sin 4ntdt   0 sin 4ntdt 
0.5

 
0.5  0 3 0.3 
  10 cos1.2n 8.33 sin 1.2n
bn  
n  n2 2

F t   a0   an cos nt   bn sin nt

 

n 1 n 1

10 sin 1.2n 8.33cos1.2n  1 

F t   3     cos 4nt 


n 1  n  n 

2 2

   10 cos 1.2n 8.33 sin 1.2n 

   sin 4nt
n 1  n  n2 2

 xt    
a0  1  an bn 
 cos nt  sin nt 
k n 11  rn2
k k 
n n 4
rn    0.4n
n 10

 1  10 sin 1.2n 8.33cos1.2n  1  

10000    cos n t 
n  2n2
xt  
3 1    


 
10000 n 11  0.4n 2  1  10 cos1.2n 8.33sin 1.2n  1 
    sin nt 
 10000  n  n
2 2
 