Delhi private school, SHARJAH

mathematics

AW
TERM
1

ACADEMIC WINDOW term 1

Grade xForeword
(2024-25)

2020-21

1
Frustration, anxiety, anguish, .............. Words rarely used by competent adults in ordinary life, stream forth
when people are asked to describe feelings evoked by Mathematics. It is strange that Mathematics, which is
thought to be a rational subject, should elicit such emotion-laden language.

This book has been compiled keeping in mind the student’s need to understand the concept and to reinforce it in
a gradual manner. Most of us do realize that practice makes a man perfect and to avoid the above said anxiety
and anguish it befits us to put in enough hours of work as drill and practice to achieve excellence.

The very idea of reinforcement of concepts and practice of questions from previous examinations has been kept
foremost before making the assignments. A synopsis at the beginning of each chapter helps you recall the
chapter at a glance.

A successful completion of the assignments will be very beneficial as it will help you to tackle any question with
confidence and clarity. Students should keep the following points in mind:

 Practice:-The more you practice answering maths problems, the better.

 Review:-If you have made any mistakes, you should review them and understand where your problem-
solving skills let you down
 Understand your doubts:- Don’t skip the questions that you didn’t understand, clear the doubts that will
help you to progress to the rest of the questions
 Apply maths to real ‘world – problems’. As much as possible, try to apply real world problems when
approaching maths

On behalf of the Mathematics Department I wish the students success in all their endeavours.

Ms. ASHA REGHUNANDAN

H.O.D. - Department of Mathematics

2
 CONTENTS
SL.NO CHAPTER NAME PAGE NO

1 POLYNOMIALS 4

2 REAL NUMBERS 11

3 PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATIONS 16

4 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS 26

5 INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY 33

6 SOME APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY 38

7 COORDINATE GEOMETRY 45

8 CIRCLES 52

9 PROBABILITY 61

10 ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION 71

11 TRIANGLES 79

POLYNOMIAL
3
 S SYNOPSIS

Polynomials of degree 1, 2 , 3 are called as linear , quadratic and cubic

polynomials respectively.
A linear polynomial in x is of the form ax + b where a,b are real
numbers and a≠0 A quadratic polynomial in x is of the form ax2 + bx +
c, where a,b,c are real numbers and a ≠ 0
A cubic polynomial in x is of the form ax3 + bx2 + cx + d, where a,b,c
are real numbers and a ≠ 0 (Just for information)
A linear polynomial can have at most 1 zero.
A quadratic polynomial can have at most 2
zeroes. A cubic polynomial can have at
most 3 zeroes.

 If α and β are zeroes of the quadratic polynomial ax2 + bx + c, a ≠ 0 then

α+β = 𝒄
-𝒃 𝒂
, αβ =
𝒂

 If α , β and γ are zeroes of the cubic polynomial ax3 + bx2 + cx + d , a ≠ 0

then
α+β+γ = 𝒅
-𝒃 𝒂
, αβ + βγ + γα , αβγ = -
𝒄
𝒂 𝒂
=

(Just for information)

 The general form of a quadratic polynomial with roots α and β

= k (x2 −¿(α+β)x +αβ)

 The graph of the quadratic polynomial ax2 + bx + c, a ≠ 0 is always a parabola.

 A quadratic polynomial will have at most two zeroes or roots (2

zeroes, 1 zero, no real zeroes)

 If the graph of f(x) = ax 2 + bx + c will intersect the X-axis at

two distinct points, x co-ordinates of points of intersection
with X-axis are known as ‘zeroes’ of f(x).

4
 If the graph of f(x) = ax2 + bx + c will touch the x-axis at one
point only then f(x) will have only one ‘zero’ and we can say that
roots/zeroes of the given polynomial are real and equal.

 If the graph of f(x) = ax2 + bx + c does not touch the X-axis then
f(x) will not have any real roots.

5
 OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS:-
1. C
A quadratic polynomial whose roots are -3 and 4 is
(a) x2- x + 12 (b) x2 + x + 12 (c) x2/2 – x/2 – 6 (d) 2x2 + 2x – 24

1
+ 1 equal to
𝛼 𝛽
2. If α and β are zeroes of p(x) = x2 + x – 1, then U

(a) -1 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) 0

1 1
𝛼 𝛽
3. If α and β are the zeroes of the polynomial f(x) = x2 – 3x + 2, then + equal C
to
3 −3
2 2
(a) 3 (b) -1 (c) (d)

4. If one zero of the polynomial f(x) = (k2 + 4 ) x2 + 13x + 4k is reciprocal of the HOTS
other, then k =
(a) -3 (b) 2 (c) -2 (d) 3

5. If α and β are the zeroes of the polynomial f(x) = x2 – p (x + 1) - c ,then HOTS

(α + 1) (β + 1) =
(a) c-1 (b) 1-c (c) c (d) 1+c

6. Zeroes of p(x) = x2 + 2x + 1 are C

(a) -1 , 1 (b) 1 , 1 (c) -1 , -1 (d) 1 , 2

7. The quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are 5 and -5 can be U

(a) x2- 25 (b) x2 - 25x + 1 (c) x2 + 25 (d) x2 + 25x + 1

8. (x + 2)3 = x ( x2 – 1 ) is a C
(a) bi quadratic equation (b) cubic equation
(c) quadratic equation (d) linear equation

9 The zeroes of quadratic polynomial 𝑥2 + 99x + 127 are C

(a) Both positive
(b) Both negative
(c) One positive one negative
(d) Both equal

10. If the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial 𝑥2+bx+c, c ≠ 0 are equal, then U
(a) c and a both have opposite signs

6
 (b) c and b both have opposite sign
(c) c and a have the same sign
(d) c and b have the same sign
FILL IN THE BLANKS
11. If the degree of a polynomial p(x) is n, then the maximum number of zeroes is U

12. If the graph of the polynomial p(x) neither touches nor intersects the x-axis, C
then the number of zeroes of p(x) is
13. If one zero of the quadratic polynomial x2 + 3x + k is 2 ,then k = C

14. The remainder of the polynomial x4 + x3 – 2x2 + x + 1 divided by (x-1) is U

(using remainder theorem)
15. is a quadratic polynomial with given numbers -3 and -2 as the sum C
and product respectively.

16. If -3 is a zero of the quadratic polynomial (k – 1)x2 + kx−¿3, then the value of U
k is
17 The graph of y = p(x), where p(x) is a polynomial in variable x, is as follows HOTS

The number of zeroes of p(x) is

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (SA)- TYPE 1 ( 2 marks )

18. C
Form a quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are ( 7 + 2√2 ) and ( 7 - 2√2 )

19. If α and β are zeroes of the quadratic polynomial 2x2 + 3x - 6 then find the HOTS
value of α2 / β + β2 / α
20. If the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial 𝑥2 + (a+1)x + b are 2 and -3, C
then find the value of ‘a’ and ‘b’.

21. If one root of 5𝑥2 + 13𝑥 + 𝑘 = 0 is reciprocal of the other root, then find U
the value of k.

7
 Find the quadratic polynomial whose sum and product of the zeroes are 21 and
8
22. C
5
16
respectively.

If α and β are the zeroes of the polynomial f(x) = 𝑥2 – 6x + k, find the value
of k such that α2 + β 2 = 40
23. U

24. If one of the zeroes of the quadratic polynomial f(x) = 14𝑥2 – 42𝑘2x – 9 U
is negative of the other, find the value of k.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS - TYPE 2 ( 3 Marks )

25. Find the zeroes of the polynomial p (x) = x2 – 5 and verify the relationship C
between the zeroes and their coefficients.
26
11 2
Find the zeroes of the polynomial 7y2 - y - and verify the relation between zeros
3 3
and coefficients
27. Quadratic polynomial 2𝑥2 – 3x + 1 has zeroes as α and β. Form a U
quadratic polynomial whose zeroes are 3α and 3β

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (LA) ( 4 Marks)

28. If α and β are the zeroes of the polynomial p(x) = 2𝑥2 + 5x + k satisfying the HOTS
relation α2 + β 2
+ αβ = 21 , then find the value of k
4

29. If α and β are the zeroes of polynomial p(x) = 3𝑥2 + 2x + 1, find the HOTS
polynomial whose zeroes are 1− α
and 1− β
1+ α 1+ β

ASSERTION AND REASONING QUESTIONS

DIRECTION: In question number 19 and 20, a statement of assertion (A) isfollowed by a statement
of Reason (R).

Assertion: If the diagonals of a parallelogram ABCD are equal, then ∠ABC = 900.
Choose the correct option

Reason: If the diagonals of a parallelogram are equal, it becomes a rectangle.

(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation
of assertion (A)
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.

8
30. Assertion (A): Degree of a zero polynomial is not defined HOTS
Reason (R): Degree of a non-zero constant polynomial is 0.

31. Assertion: x2+7x+12 has no real zeroes. U

Reason: A quadratic polynomial can have at the most two zeroes.
32. Assertion: The graph of a polynomial intersect x-axis at 3 points and y-axis at HOTS
1 points, the polynomial has 3 zeroes.
Reason: The number of zeroes that a polynomial p(x) can have is the number
of times polynomial intersect x and y axis.

ANSWERS
OBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS (1MARK)
1. c
2. b
3. c
4. b
5. b
6. c
7. a
8. c
9. b
10. b
FILL IN THE BLANKS (1MARK)
11. n
12. 0
13. -10
14. 2
15. x2 +5x+6
16. 2
17. 5
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS ( 2 marks )
18. k (x2 - 14x + 41) where k is any non zero real number
19. 45/8
20. a = 0 and b = -6
21. k=5
1
(16𝑥2 – 42x + 5)
16
22.

23. k = -2
24. k=0
25. Zeroes:- √5 , - √5

9
26. Zeroes are 2/3 and -1/7

(2𝑥2- 9x + 9)
27. 1
Required polynomial is
2

𝑥2- 2x + 3
28. k=2
29.
30. (b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the
correct explanation of assertion (A)

31. (d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true

32. (c) Assertion is correct but reason is wrong

10
 REAL NUMBERS
Chapter-1
SYNOPSIS

FUNDAMENTAL THEOREM OF ARITHMETIC

Every Composite number can be expressed as a product of primes,

and this factorisation is unique, apart from the order in which the
prime factors appear

11
A. MCQ ( 1 Mark ) Level

1 HCF of two numbers is 113,their LCM is 56952 .If one number is 904,the C
other number is
a)7719 b)7119 c)7791 d)7911
2 LCM X HCF of two numbers = U
a) First no. X Second no. b) First no/second no
c) first no+ second No. d) none of these
3 5x7x11x13+13 is a : U
a)Composite number b)whole number c)Prime number d)zero

4 For what least value of n, (24)n is divisible by 8? U

a)0 b)-1 c)1 d)2
5 Sum of two rational is always HOT
a)Irrational b)rational c)fraction d)whole number

6 5√7 is C
a) Irrational b) rational c) fraction d) all of the above

7. If the HCF of two numbers is 1, the two numbers are called U

a)composite b)co-prime c)perfect d) irrational

8 The number (√3+√5)2 is

a) Composite number b)Rational c)Irrational d) Prime

9 Assertion Reasoning
Directions:
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are correct and Reason is the correct
explanation of Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is not the correct
explanation of Assertion.
(c) If Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.
(d) If Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.
Assertion ;The H.C.F of two numbers is 16 and their product is 3072.Then
their then LCM=162

12
 Reason; If a and b are two positive integers, then HCF X LCM= a x b

10 Assertion : For any two positive integers p and q, HCF(p,q)x

LCM(p,q)=pxq

Reason; If the HCF of two numbers is 5 and the product is 150. Then the
LCM is 40

A. Very Short Answer Questions (VSA) ( 1 Mark ) Level

1 If the HCF (72,120) = 24. Find the LCM (72,120) C

2 If 2 positive integers a and b are written as a = x 3y2and b= xy3then find the U

HCF (a, b).

3 If 2 positive integers p and q can be written as p = ab 2and q = a3b, then find U

the LCM (p, q)
4 Write the general form of an odd positive integer U

5 Give an example of two irrational numbers whose sum is rational. C

6 If LCM(12,28) = 84 ,find their HCF. U

7 State Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic. C

8 Write the HCF of the smallest composite number and the smallest prime U
number.

9 Find the HCF of 960 and 432. C

10 Why 9n can’t end with the digit 0. U

B. Short Answer Questions (SA) ( 2 marks )

1. State Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic. Check whether 15 n can end C

with the digit 0 for any natural number ‘n’.

2. Find the least number that is divisible by all the numbers between 1 and 10 U

13
 (both inclusive)

3. On a morning walk, 3 persons step off together and their steps measure 40 U
cm, 42cm and 45cm respectively. What is the minimum distance each
should walk, so that each can cover the same distance in complete steps

4. Find HCF and LCM of 404 and96 and verify that HCF x LCM=Product of U
the two given numbers

C. Long Answer Questions (LA) ( 3 Marks )

9 C
Prove that 11 is irrational.

10 Prove that 6+2√3 is irrational C

11. Prove that 7-√ 3 is irrational

D. V Long Answer Questions (VLA) ( 4 Marks)

13 Find the greatest number that will divide 445,572,699 leaving the U
reminders 4,5 and 6 respectively

14 Find the smallest number which leaves remainders 8 and 12 when divided U
by 28 and 32 respectively.

REAL NUMBERS
Answers
14
Answers (MCQ)
1)B 2). A 3). A 4).C 5.) B 6). A
7)B 8).C 9) D 10) C

SECTION A

1. 360
2. xy2
3. a3b2

4. .2q+1
5. 5+√3 and 5-√3
6. HCF = 4
7. It states that every composite number can be expressed as a product of primes and this factorization is unique,
apart from the order in which the prime factors occur
8. 2
9. 48
10. 5 is not a factor of 9

SECTION B

1)--- 2) 2520 3) 2520 4)HCF=4 LCM=9696

SECTION C

11) 0.0514

SECTION D

13) 63 14) 204

*************************

15
 A PAIR OF LINEAR EQUATION IN TWO VARIABLES
CHAPTER-3
SYNOPSIS

 A linear equation is an algebraic equation that contains terms which can either be
constants or variables.
 The variables can only be of the first power.
 A linear equation in two variables is of the form ax + by + c = 0, where x and y are
variables and a, b and c are real numbers. Additionally a and b are non-zero.
 The graph of a linear equation in two variables plotted on a Cartesian plane is a straight
line.
16
  If the two lines intersect, the pair of equations is said to be consistent. Solving the two
equations simultaneously yields a unique value for each of the two variables. These
values represent the co-ordinates of the point of intersection.
 If the two lines are parallel, the equations are inconsistent and there is no solution.
 If the two lines are coincident, then there are infinite solutions since every point on these
lines is a point of intersection and as we know the line extends infinitely.

A. MCQ(1 mark) Type

1 For what value of k does the pair of equation given below has infinite U
solution 3x-y-5=0, 6x-2y+k=0

a) -10 b) 10 c)2 d) -2

2 The system of equations 2x+3y-7=0, 6x+5y-11=0 is: C

a) Consistent b) inconsistent c) consistent & dependent

3 If the lines given by 3x+2ky = 2 and 2x + 5y + 1 = 0 are parallel ,then U

find the value of k.

a) 15/2 b) 15/4 c)5/4 d) 5/2

4 Find the value of a so that the point (3,a) lies on the line represented MD
by 2x- 3y =12

a) 3 b) -3 c) 2 d)-2

5 The pair of equations y = 0 and y = -7 will have which type of HOT

solution?

a) infinitely many b) No Solution c) Only one Solution

6 Name the pair of linear equations in two variable which has a common C
point i.e. which has only one solution

a) Consistent b) Inconsistent c) Parallel

17
7 In the equation Ax + By + C = 0 and ax + by + c = 0 , the condition U
so that the equations will represent intersecting lines is:
a) A/a = B/b , b) A/a ≠ B/b c) A/a = B/b = C/c

8 If a pair of linear equation Ax+ By + C = 0 and ax + by + c = 0 C

represents parallel lines then what type of solution will they have?
a) A/a = B/b , b) A/a ≠ B/b c) A/a = B/b ≠ C/c

9 How many solutions does the pair of linear equations U

8x-5y =7 and 5x- 8y = -7 will have?

a) One b) two c) zero d) Infinite

10 The pair of linear equations 3x + 2y = 5, 6x+4y =10 will have how U

many solutions?

a) One b) two c) zero d) Infinite

11 If a pair of linear equations is consistent & dependent, then which U

type of lines will be?
a) Parallel b) coincident c) intersecting

12 Mention number of solutions of the pair of linear equations U

x + 2y -8 = 0 and 2x + 4y = 16

a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) Infinite

13 If the system of equations 2x + 3y = 7, 2ax + (a + b ) y = 28 has MD

infinitely many solution then find the relation between a and b.

a) b = a b) b=2a c) b = 3a d) 2b = a

14 Find the value of k for which the system of equation U

x + 2y – 5 = 0 and 3x + ky + 15= 0 has no solution

a) 6 b) 5 c) -6 d)4

18
15 The sum of the digits of a two digit number is 9. If 27 is added to it, A
the digits of the number gets reversed. Find the number
a) 25 b)72 c) 63 d) 36

16. The pair of equations x = 0 and x = 5 has U

________________Solutions.
a) infinitely many b) No Solution c) Only one Solution

17. The pair of equations x=a and y=b graphically represents lines which U
are

a) Parallel b) Intersecting at (b,a) c) coincident

d) Intersecting at (a,b)
18. If x=a and y=b are the solutions of the equations x-y = 2 and x+y=4 A
then the values of a and b are, respectively,

a) 3 and 5 b) 5 and 3 c) 3 and 1 d) -1 and -3

19. The pair of equations 4x + 3y =5 and 12x + 9y =15 represent C

a) Parallel lines b) coincident lines c) intersecting lines

20. Aruna has only Re1 and Rs.2 coins with her. If the total number of A
coins that she has is 50 and the amount of money with her is Rs. 75,
Then the toal number of Re1 and Rs.2 coins are, respectively are:
a) 25 & 25 b) 15 & 35 c) 35 & 20

B. Short Answer Questions SA (2 Marks) Type

21. Find the values of p for which the pair of equations U

4x + py + 8 = 0 & 2x + 2y + 2 = 0 have unique solution.

22. Find the value(s) of k for which the pair of equations 3x – y – 5 = 0 MD

and 6x – 2y – k = 0 represent parallel lines.

19
23. Solve the equations 3x + 4y = 10 & 2x -2y = 2 by substitution method. MD

24. Solve x & y HOT

ax + by = a – b & bx – ay = a + b by elimination method.

25. Find the value of p and q for which the system of equations represent HOT
coincident lines

2x +3y = 7,

(p+q+1)x +(p+2q+2)y = 4(p + q)+1

26. Six years hence a man’s age will be three times his son’s age and three A
years ago, he was nine times as old as his son. Find their present ages.

C. Long Answer Questions LA (3 Marks) Type

27. Find c if the system of equations cx + 3y + (3-c) = 0 & C

12x + cy -c = 0 has infinitely many solutions.

28. Solve 148x + 231y = 527, 231x + 148y = 610 U

29. If x = a, y = b is the solutions of the pair of equations x – y = 2 & U

x + y = 4, find a & b.

20
30. When the son will be as old as the father today their ages will add up A
to 126 years. When the father was old as the son is today, their ages
add up to 38 years. Find their present ages.

31. At a certain time in a zoo , the number of heads and legs of A

tigers and peacocks were counted. It was found that there were
47 heads and 152 legs. Find the number of tigers and peacocks
in the zoo.

32. The age of a father is equal to sum of the ages of his 6 children. After HOT
15years, twice the age of the father will be the sum of ages of his
children. Find the age of the father.

33. Draw the graph of x –y + 1 = 0 and 2x + y -10 = 0 .Calculate the area HOT
bounded by these lines and x axis.

34. Father’s age is three times the sum of ages of his two children. After 5 A
years his age will be twice the sum of age of two children. Find age of
father.

35. 2 tables and 3 chairs together cost Rs.2000 whereas 3 tables and 2 U
chairs together cost Rs. 2500.Find the total cost of 1 table and 5
chairs.

D. V Long Answer Questions VLA (4 Marks) Type

36. Given a linear equation 3x – 5y = 7. U

Form another linear equations in these variables such that the

geometrical representation of the pair so formed is:

21
 a) Intersecting lines b) coincident lines c) parallel lines.

37. Find the value of m & n so that the following pair of equations has HOT
infinite number of solutions.

(2m – 1) x + 3y = 5 & 3x + (n – 1) y = 2

38. Solve graphically the pair of linear equations; 3x + y – 3 = 0, MD

2x – y + 8 = 0. Write the coordinates of the vertices of the triangle

formed by two lines with x-axis.

39. A two digit number is 7 times the sum of its digits. The number MD
obtained by reversing its digits is less than the original number by 18.
Find the original number.

40. Places A and B are 80km apart on a highway. A car starts from A and MD
another from B at the same time. If they move in same direction, they
meet in 8hrs. and if they move in opposite directions, they meet in 1hr
20min. Find the speeds of the cars.

41. There are some students in the two examination halls A and B. To A
make the number of students equal in each hall, 10 students are sent
from A to But if 20 students are sent from B to A ,the number of
students in A becomes double the number of students in B. Find the
number of students in the two halls.

42. Solve x & y HOT

99x + 101y = 499

22
 101x + 99y = 501

43. Find the value of p and q for which the following system of linear MD
equations has infinite Number of solutions?
2x-y=5,
(p + q) x + (2p-q) y =15

44. Students of a class are made to stand in rows . If one student is extra A
in a row, there would be 2 rows less. If one student is less in a row
there would be 3 rows more. Find the number of students in the class.

45. 5 years hence the age of a father shall be three times the age of his son MD
while 5 years earlier the age of the father was 7 times the age of his
son. Find their present age.

46. The monthly income of A and B are in the ratio of 9:7. And their A
monthly expenditure is in the ratio 4:3. If each saves Rs 1600 per
month, find the monthly income of each.

47. ASSERTION REASON QUESTIONS:

DIRECTIONS:

a. Both Assertion and Reason are correct and

Reason is the correct explanation for Assertion.

b. Both Assertion and Reason are correct but

Reason is not the correct explanation for Assertion.

c. Assertion is correct but Reason is incorrect.

d. Assertion is incorrect but Reason is correct.

23
 1) Assertion: A linear equation 2x +3y = 5 has a unique
solution.
Reason: A linear equation in two variables has infinitely
many solutions.

ii) Assertion: The graph of every linear equation in two

variables need not be a line.
Reason: Graph of a linear equation in two variables is
always a line.

iii) Assertion:
The linear equations x−2y−3=0 and 3x+4y−20=0 have exactly one solution
Reason:
The linear equations 2x+3y−9=0 and 4x+6y−18=0 have a unique solution.

ANSWERS

1. a) K=-10
2. a) Constant
3.b) 15/4
4. d) -2
5. b) No solution
6. a) Consistent
7. b) A/a ≠ B/b
8. c) A/a = B/b ≠ C/c
9. a) One
10. d) Infinitely many
11. b) coincident
12. d) Infinitely many
13. b) b = 2a
14. a) k = 6
15. d) 36
16. b) No Solution
17. d) Intersecting at (a,b)
18. c) 3 and 1
19. b) coincident lines
20. a) 25 and 25
21. p ≠ 4
22. k ≠ 10

24
23. X = 2, y = 1
24. x =1 , y = -1
25. P = 3, q = 2
26. 30Yrs, 6yrs
27. c = 6
28. x = 2, y = 1
29. a = 3, b = 1
30. 52yrs, 30yrs
31. tigers is 29 and peacocks is 18.
32. 45 years
33. 12 sq. unit
34. 65yrs
35. Rs. 1700
36. (infinite number of equations are possible)
37. m = 17/4 ,n = 11/5
38. From the graph.
39. number is 42
40. 35km/hr, 25km/hr
41. 100, 80
42. x = 3, y = 2
43. P = 1, q = 5
44. 60 students
45. 40yrs, 10yrs
46. Rs. 14400, Rs.11200
47. i) d
ii) d
iii) c

25
 CHAPTER 4
QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
SYNOPSIS

1. Definitions:
If a 0 , then ax2 + bx + c is called quadratic polynomial.
If a 0 , then the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is called quadratic equation.
2. Solution of a Quadratic Equation:
Roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, a 0 are
 b  b 2  4ac  b  b 2  4ac
2a , 2a
3. Relation between the Roots and Coefficients:
 b  coefficien t of x
sum of roots  
i. a coefficien t of x 2
c constant t erm
Product of roots  
ii. a coefficien t of x 2
iii. If  and  are the roots of the equation
ax 2  bx  c 0 , then
ax 2  bx  c ax   x   
4. Formation of a Quadratic Equation:
The quadratic equation whose roots are  and  is x2 - (    ) x +  = 0
i.e., x2 - (Sum of the roots) x + Product of the roots = 0 or x2 - Sx + P = 0.
5. Nature of Roots:
26
 Let ax2 + bx + c = 0, a 0 (a, b, c are reals) and, let D = (b2 - 4ac)
Then:
i. If D > 0, there are two real and distinct roots, given by
 b  b 2  4ac  b  D
 
2a 2a
 b b 2  4ac  b  D
 
2a 2a
  b
 
ii. If D = 0, the roots are real and equal, each being equal to  2a 
iii. If D < 0, there are no real roots.

Roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, are real iff b2 - 4ac 0 (or) D 0

Roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, are non-real iff b2 - 4ac < 0 (or) D < 0
Roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, are equal iff b2 - 4ac = 0 (or) D = 0.

A. Very Short Answer Questions (VSA) 1 Mark Level

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Find the value of p for which the quadratic equation x2 + 4x + p = U
0 has real and distinct roots
a) p = 4 b) p > 4 c) p < 4 d) p = 0
2. The discriminant of (x – 1)(x + 2) = 0 is C
a) 9 b) 0 c) 8 d) -9

3. 2 U
If one root of the equation 3x2 + px + 4 = 0 is 3 , find the value of p.
3 2
a) 8 b) 2 c) 3
d) -8
2
Comment on the nature if the roots of 2(x – x) = 3. HOT
4. a) Real b) Imaginary c)Real & equal d)Real & distinct

5. If ax2 + bx + c = 0 has equal roots, then c is equal to C

2 2
b b b b
a) 2a b) 4a c) 2a d) 4a
6. Find the value of k so that the equation x2 - 4x + k = 0 has real U
and distinct roots
a) k > 4 b) k = 4 c) k < 4 d) k 4
27
7. If the quadratic equation 9x2 + 6kx + 4 = 0 has equal roots, then k C
is
a) 0 b) -2 c) 2 d) 2
8. 1 C
Which of the following is a root of the equation x2 - 16 = 0
1 1 1
a) 4 b) 3 c) 2 d) 4
9. For what value of k , x = 2 is a solution of kx2 + 2x – 3 = 0 U
1 1 1 1
a) 2 b) 2 c) 4 d) 4
10. If the equation 9x2 + 6kx + 4 = 0 has equal roots, then the roots U
are
2 3
 
a) 3 b) 2 c) 3 d) 0
FILL IN THE BLANKS
11. A quadratic equation has at the most _______ roots. U

12. 2
If x = 2 is a solution of kx  2 x  3 0 , then the value of k is C
______
13. x 2  8 x  16 0 has _____ roots. C

14. b 2  4ac is known as _________ C

15. 1 U
3x 2  2 x  0
The discriminant of 3 is __________

16. 2
The sum of the roots of  2 x  5 x  4 0 is _________ C

17 2
Nature of the roots 3x  5 x  2 0 is ____________ C
.

18. 2
If x = -a is a root of x  3ax  k 0 , then the value of k is ______ U

28
19. ________ should be added and subtracted to solve HOT
2
4x  3 x  5 0 by the method of completing the square method

20. The product of two consecutive odd positive integers is 483. U

Then the integers are ___________

Short Answer Questions I (SA) 2 Marks level

21. Find the roots of : p2x2 + (p2 – q2)x – q2 = 0 U

22. Find the roots of the equation 3x2 -2√6x + 2 = 0 C

23. Find the value(s) of k for which the equation kx2 +4x + 1 U
= 0 has real roots.
24. Find a natural number whose square diminished by 84 is HOT
equal to thrice of 8 more than the given number
25. Find the nature of the roots of the equation x2 + 2x +1/3 C
=0
C Short Answer Questions II (SA) 3 Marks Level

26. Solve x: a2b2x2 – (4b4 – 3a4)x – 12a2b2 = 0

27. Solve 2x2 + 14x + 9 = 0 by using Quadratic formula. U

28. 5 x2 + 9x + 4 5 = 0 MD
Solve:

29. 1 2 6 HOT

Solve for x: x  2 + x  1 x , x ≠ 1,2

30. A peacock is sitting on the top of a pillar, which is 9 m high. MD

From a point 27 m away from the bottom of the pillar, a snake
is coming to its hole at the base of the pillar. Seeing the snake, the
peacock pounces on it. If their speeds are equal, at what distance
29
 from the hole is the snake caught?
D Long Answer Questions (LA) 5 Marks Level

30
 31. Some students planned a picnic. The budget for food was Rs 500. U
But, 5 of them failed to go and thus the cost of food for each
member increased by Rs 5. How many students attended the
picnic?

32. A two-digit number is such that the product of its digits is 18. HOT

When 63 is subtracted from the number, the digits interchange

their places. Find the number.

33. If the roots of the equation (a-b) x2 + (b-c) x + (c-a) = 0 U

are equal, prove that 2a = b+ c.

34. 1 1 1 1 HOT
Solve x: = + +
a+b+ x a b x

35. In a flight of 2800km an aircraft was slowed down due to bad MD

weather. Its average speed was reduced by 100km/hr, and the
time of flight increased by 30 minutes Find the original speed
and original duration of the flight.

ASSERTION AND REASONING QUESTIONS

DIRECTION: In questions from number 36 - 40, a statement of assertion (A) is
followed by a statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct option:
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true, and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true, and reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false, but reason (R) is true.

36 Assertion: 4x2 – 12x + 9 =0 has repeated roots. U

Reason: The quadratic equation ax2 + bx+ c =0 have repeated
roots if discriminant D > 0
37 Assertion: The equation x2 + 3x + 1 = (x-2)2 is a quadratic U
equation.
Reason: Any equation of the form ax2 + bx+ c =0 where a ≠ 0, is
called a quadratic equation.
31
 38 a HOTS
Assertion: The values of x are - 2 , a for a quadratic equation
2x2 + ax – a2 = 0
Reason: For quadratic equation ax2 + bx+ c =0, the value of x is
given by:
1 c −b ± √ b 2−4 ac
2 a
x=
2a
3 39 d Assertion: If one root of the quadratic equation 6x2 – x – k = 0 is HOTS
4 d 2/3, then the value of k is 2.
5 b
Reason: The quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0, a ≠ 0 has almost
6 c
7 d two roots.
8 a
9 40 c Assertion: The roots of the quadratic equation x2 + 2x + 2 = 0 are U
10 a imaginary.
11 2 Reason: If discriminant D = b2 – 4ac < 0 then the roots of
12 -1/4 2
quadratic equation ax + bx + c = 0 are imaginary.
13 Equal roots
14 Discriminant
15 0
16 5/2
17 Real & distinct
18 2a2 Answers
19 3/64 QUADRATIC EQUATIONS
20 21, 23
21 x = -1 , q2 /p2

22 x = √2/3 , √2/3

23 k<4
24 12
25 Real & distinct
26 4b2/a2 , -3a2/b2

27 (-7 ± √31)/2
28 -√5 , -4/√5
29 3 , 4/3
30 12 m
31 20
32 92
34 –a , -b
35 3hrs 30 min.

36 c

37 d

38 d
32
39 b

40 a
 INTRODUCTION TO TRIGONOMETRY
CHAPTER-8
SYNOPSIS

Expression Ratio

cosec𝜃 H/O

sec𝜃 H/A

cot 𝜃 A/O

Expression Ratio

sin𝜃 O/H

cos𝜃 A/H

tan𝜃 O/A

TRIGNOMETRIC RATIOS OF SOME SPECIFIC ANGLES

T-ratio 00 300 450 600 900

sin𝜃 0 ½ 1/ξ2 ξ3/2 1

cos𝜃 1 ξ3/2 1/ξ2 ½ 0

tan𝜃 0 1/ξ3 1 ξ3 Not Defined

cosec𝜃 Not Defined 2 ξ2 2/ξ3 1

sec𝜃 1 2/ξ3 ξ2 2 Not Defined

cot𝜃 Not Defined ξ3 1 1/ξ3 0

33
 TRIGNOMETRIC IDENTITIES:

1. sin2 θ+cos 2 θ =1

2. sec 2 θ - tan 2 θ =1

3. cosec 2 θ -cot 2 θ =1

. MCQ level

1 Evaluate sin30ᵒ cos60ᵒ + cos30ᵒ sin60ᵒ U

a) 0 b) 1 c) 2 d) 3

2 If cos θ = 3/5, find the value of cot θ + cosec θ U

a) 1 b) 2 c) 3 d) 0

3 If cot θ =1/√3, evaluate 1-cos2 θ HOT

2- sin2θ

a) 2/5 b) 3/5 c) 2/√3 d) 1/√3

a) 1 b) 1/2 c) -1 d) 3/5

5 If tan θ = 4/3, find the value of 3sin θ+2cos θ C

3sin θ-2cos θ

a) 2 b)3 c) 4 d) 1

6 tan45ᵒ U U
Sin30ᵒ +cos30ᵒ

2/(√3 +1) b) 2/(√3 – 1) c) √3 d) 1- √3

7 cos60ᵒ cos30ᵒ + sin 60ᵒ sin30ᵒ HOT

a) √3/2 b) 0 c) 1
d) 1/2

SEC-B SHORT ANSWER TYPE MD

34
 1) If tanA = ¾ ,find the value of cosA.

2) If cosecA=√2 find the value of tan2A-1.

3) If sinA = ½ , find sin(2A).

4) Find the value of (1- sin230).

5) Find the value of sin2A x cosec2A.

6) Find the value of cotA x sinA x secA.

A. SEC-A Very Short Answer Questions (VSA) ( 1 Mark ) level

1 C
Find the value of x if tan 3x = sin 45ᵒcos 45ᵒ + sin 30

2 Evaluate 4 cot2 45ᵒ – sec2 60ᵒ + sin2 60ᵒ + cos2 90ᵒ C

3 1 U
The maximum value of cos ec

4 Prove 1- tan2 A = tan2 A where A ≠ 45ᵒ U

cot2A -1

5 In triangle ABC right angled at B, tan A = 1 HOT

Find the value of 2 sin A cos A

B. SEC-B Short Answer Questions (SA) ( 2 marks ) level

6 5 C
Tan A= 12 ,find the value of ( Sin A + Cos A ) Sec A

35
7 2 2
5 sin 30 cos 45 4 tan 30
2
U U
+ −
2 sin 30 cos 30 tan 45

8 If sin x+ cosec x = 2, find the value of sin2x + cosec2 x U

9 1 HOT
3 tan  3 sin  then prove that Sin2  - cos2  = 3

10 Prove that (tan A- tan B)2 + ( 1 + tan A tan B )2 = sec2 A sec2 B HOT

11 If cos 9  sin  , find the value of tan5  MD

C. SEC-C Long Answer Questions (LA) ( 3 Marks )

12 If cosA + cos2A = 1, then sin2A + sin4A= 1. C

13 cos  cos  HOT

m n
If cos  and sin  show that ( m2+ n2) cos2  = n2

14 If sin(A + B) = √3/2, cos(2A -B) = 1/√2 find A and B. U

D. SEC-D Very Long Answer Questions (VLA) ( 4 Marks)

15 Prove that cos A + sin2 A = sin A + cos A U

(1- tan A) ( sin A- cos A)

16 Prove that cosec A + cosec A = 2 sec2 A U

(cosecA-1) (cosecA+1)

36
17 Prove that 1 + cosθ + sin θ = 1 + sin θ U
1 + cosθ - sin θ cos θ

18 1 U
2 2
Prove that (1 + tan2 A ) (1 + 1/ tan2 A) = Sin ACos A

19 2 2
HOT
If cot  + tan   x and sec  - cos   y, prove that x y   xy  1
2 3 2 3

20 Prove that (tan A- tan B)2 + ( 1 + tan A tan B )2 = sec2 A sec2 B HOT

21 If sec A = x + 1/4x , prove that sec A + tan A = 2x or 1/2x HOT

22 1 MD
Prove geometrically Sin 30ᵒ = 2

E SEC-E

ASSERTION & REASONING

The following questions consists of two statements-Assertion(A)
and Reason(R),Answer these questions selecting the appropriate
options given below.
(a)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation for A
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation for
A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d)A is false but R is true

23 Assertion: The value of sin60 cos30 + sin30 0 0 0

cos60 0
is 1
Reason: sin90 =1 and cos90 =0
0 0

37
24 Assertion: The value of 2tan 45 +cos 30 -sin 60
2 0 2 0 2 0

is 2.
Reason: value of tan45 =1, cos30 =√3/2 and
0 0

sin60 =√3/2.
0

25 Assertion: If x=2 sin θ and y=2cos θ+1 then

2 2

the value of x+y=3.

Reason: For any value of θ, sin θ+cos θ=1
2 2

26 Assertion: In a right ΔABC, right angled at B, if

tanA=12/5, then secA=13/5.
Reason: cotA is the product of cot and A.
27 Assertion: If cosA+cos A=1 then 2

sin A+sin A=1.

2 4

Reason: sin A+cos A=1, for any value of A.

2 2

38
 CHAPTER 9
SOME APPLICATIONS OF TRIGONOMETRY

Synopsis

39
If the angle formed by the line of sight with the horizontal when it is above the
horizontal level is called the ANGLE OF ELEVATION
If the angle formed by the line of sight with the horizontal when it is below the
horizontal level is called the ANGLE OF DEPRESSION.

SECTION-A
Multiple choice questions (1mark)
1. WhenThe angle of elevation of the top of a building from the foot of the tower is 30°, and the
angle of elevation of the top of the tower from the foot of the building is 60°. If the tower is
60 m high, find the height of the building.
a) 30 m
b) 40 m
c) 20 m
d) 10 m

2. When we raise our head to look at the object, the angle formed by the line of sight
with the horizontal is known as
a) obtuse angle
b) angle of elevation
c) angle of depression
d) acute angle

3. When we lower our heads to look a the object, the angle formed by the line of sight
40
 with horizontal is known as
a) Obtuse angle
b) Angle of elevation
c) Angle of depression
d) Acute angle

4. When the length of shadow of a vertical pole is equal to √3 times of its height, the
angle of elevation of the Sun’s altitude is
a) 30°
b) 45°
c) 60°
d) 90°
5. A pole of 10 m high casts a shadow 10 m long on the ground, then the sun’s elevation is
a) 30°
b) 45°
c) 60°
d) 90°

6. The angle of depression from the top of a tower 12 m high , at a point on the ground
is 30°. The distance of the point from the top of the tower is
a) 12 m
b) 4 m
c) 3m
d) 24 m
7. A ladder is 10 m long. It touches a wall at a height of 5 m. The angle made by the
ladder with the horizontal is
a) 90°
b) 60°
c) 45°
d) 30°

8. If the angle of depression of an object from a 75 m high tower is 45°, then the
distance of the object from the base of tower is
a) 45 m
b) 50 m
c) 75 m
d) 150 m
9. If the height of the building and the distance of a point from the foot of the building
Is increased by 20% , then the angle of elevation on the top of the building
a) Increases
b) Decreases
c) Remains same
d) Can’t say
10 The tops of two poles of height 16 m and 10 m are connected by a wire . If the wire makes an
. angle of 30° with the horizontal, then find the length of the wire.
a) 10 m
b) 16 m
c) 12 m
d) 18 m

41
 Assertion – Reasoning Questions
DIRECTION: In question number 11 and 12, a statement of assertion (A) is
followed by a statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct option

a. Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct
explanation of assertion (A)
b. Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is not the correct
explanation of assertion (A)
c. Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
d. Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.

11 Assertion (A) : If the length of shadow of a vertical pole is equal to its height ,then the
angle of elevation of the top of the tower is 45°
Reason (R) : Angle of elevation from point A to point B is equal to the angle of
depression from point B to point A

12 Assertion (A) : When we move towards the object , angle of elevation decreases.
Reason( R ) : As we move towards the object, it subtends large angle at our eye than
before

A. Very Short Answer Questions (VSA) ( 1 Mark )

1 Persons are 1 meters apart and the height of 1 is double that of the other. If from C
the middle point from the line joining their feet ,and observer finds angular
elevation of the tops to be complementary ,Find the height of the short person?

2 A straight highway leads to the foot of a tower. A man standing at the top of the U
tower, observes a car at an angle of depression of 300,which is approaching the
foot of the tower at a uniform speed.6 min later ,the angle of depression of the car
is fund to be 600,Find the time taken by the car to reach the foot of the tower from
this point?

3 As observed from the top of a 75 m height light house from the sea level, the angle C
of depression of two ships are 300 and 450.One ship is exactly behind the other on
the same side of the light house, Find the distance between the two ships?

4 A player sitting on the top of a tower of height 20m observes the angle of U
depression of a ball lying on the ground is 60o. Find the distance between the foot
of the tower and the ball.

5 A plane is observed to be approaching the airport. It is at a distance of 12km from U

the point of observation and makes an angle of elevation of 30o .Find its height
above the ground.

42
B. Short Answer Questions (SA) ( 2 marks ) level
1 A vertically straight tree, 15m high, is broken by the wind in such a way that its HOT
top just touches the ground and makes an angle of 60o with the ground. At what
height from the ground did the tree break?

2 The angle of elevation of the top of a tower from a point on the ground is 300. If C
on walking 30 meter towards the tower, the angle of elevation becomes 600. Find
the height of the tower?

3 Find the angle of elevation of the sun when the shadow of a pole h meters high is HOT
√3h meters long.

4 The angle of elevation of the top a hill at the foot of the tower is 60o and the angle C
of elevation of the top of the tower from the foot of the hill is 30o. if the tower is
50 m high, Prove that the height of the hill is 150m.

5 The angle of elevation of the top of the tower from two points P and Q at distance U
of ‘a’ and ‘b’ respectively, from the base and in the straight line with its are

complementary. Prove that the height of the tower is ab .

C. Long Answer Questions (LA) ( 3 Marks )

1 From the top of a cliff 50m high the angle of depression of the top and bottom of U
the tower are observed to be 30o and 45o respectively. Find the height of the
tower?

2 Two men are on the opposite sides of a tower .They measure the angle of C
elevation of the top of the tower as 30o and 60o respectively. If the height of the
tower is 80m, find the distance between them.

3 At a point on a level ground, the angle of elevation of the vertical tower is found HOT
to be such that its tangent is 5/12. On walking 192 m towards the tower, the
tangent of the angle is found to be ¾.Find the height of the tower.

D. V Long Answer Questions (VLA) ( 4 Marks)

43
1 The height of a tower is half the height of the flag staff at its top .The angle of HOT
elevation of the top of the tower as seen from a distance of 10m from its foot is
30o.Find the angle of elevation of the flag staff from the same point.

2 The angle of elevation and depression of the top and bottom of a light house from U
a top of a building 60m high, are 30o and 60o respectively. Find the (a) difference
between the height of the light house and the building. (b) The distance between
the light house and the building.

3 Two ships are sailing in the sea on either side of a light house. Angle of C
depression of the two ships are observed as 60o and 45o respectively. If the
 
200 3  1
distance between the two ships is 3 m. find the height of the light house.

4 A person standing on the bank of a river observes that the angle of elevation of the MD
top a tree standing on the opposite bank is 60 When he moves 30 m away from the
bank he finds the angle of elevation to be 30 find the height of the tree and width
of the river.

5 An aero plane flying horizontally at a height of 1.5km above the ground is HOT
observed at a certain point on earth to subtend and angle of 60o. After 15sec, its
angle of elevation at the same point is observed to be 30. Calculate the speed of
the plane in km/hr.

44
 ANSWERS
SEC-A 1. ( c )
2. ( b )
MCQ 3. ( c )
4. ( b )
5. ( b )
6. ( d)
7. (d)
8. (c)
9. (a)
10. ( c )
11. ( b)
12. (d)
SEC- A a

VSA 1) 2 2 2)3min 3) 75(√3-1)m 4) 11.54m 5)6km

SEC-B 1)6.96m 2)15√3 m 3) 30°

SA
SEC-C 
50 3  3 
LA 1) 3 m 2)184.74m 3)180m

SEC-D 1)60o 2)20m,34.64m 3)200m 4)25.98m,15m 5)415.69 km/hr

VLA

45
 CHAPTER 7
COORDINATE GEOMETRY
 The Cartesian Co-ordinates System
Two perpendicular lines X'OX and Y'OY in a plane constitute the cartesian co-ordinate system.
X'OX is called the axis of X (or X-axis) Y'OY is called the axis of Y (or Y-axis)
The intersection point O is called the origin.
Y

axis
Y-
X' X
O X-axis

Y'
 Co-ordinates of a Point
Let P be any point in the plane of the rectangular axis. From P draw PM  X'OX.
Then
OM is called .x-co-ordinate (or abscissa) of P.
MP is called y-co-ordinate (or ordinate) of P.
 Cartesian co-ordinates of P are (x, y).
Y
P(x,
y)
y
(
)
X' x M X
O
(
)

Y'
REMARKS
The co-ordinates of origin O are (0, 0).
The co-ordinates of any point on X-axis is (x, 0),
The coordinates of any point on Y-axis is (0, y).

 Signs of the Co-ordinates

 If the point P is on the right of the origin, then x-co-ordinate of P is positive.

 If the point P is on the left of the origin, then its x-co-ordinate is negative.
 If the point P is above X-axis, then its y-co-ordinate is positive.
 If the point P is below X-axis, then its y-co-ordinate is negative.

46
 Y

P (-, +) P (+, +)
II I

X' X
O

III IV

P (-, -) P (+, -)

Y'

 Quadrants:
 In fig. XOY is called first quadrant.
 YOX' is called second quadrant.
 X'OY' is called third quadrant.
 Y'OX is called fourth quadrant.

 Distance formula:
If A x1 , y1 and B x 2 , y 2  be two points, then

AB  x2  x1   y 2  y1 
2 2

i. e., The distance between two points

 difference of abscissae 2  difference of ordinates 2
Y

A (x1,
y1)

B (x2, y2)
X' X
O

Y'

REMARKS
To prove that a quadrilateral is a
i. parallelogram, show that both the pairs of opposite sides are equal (or) diagonals bisect each other.
ii. rhombus, show that all sides are equal.
iii. rectangle, show that both the pairs of opposite sides are equal and diagonals are also equal.
iv. square, show that all sides are equal and diagonals are also equal.

 Section formula:
The point which divides the join of two distinct points A(x1, y1) and B(x2, y2) in the ratio m1: m2 has the co-
ordinates.
 m1 x 2  m2 x1 m1 y 2  m2 y1 
 , 
 m1  m2 m1  m2 
m1 0, m2 0, m1  m2 0
In particular, the mid-point of the segment joining A(x1, y1) and B (x2, y2) has the co-ordinates
47
  x1  x 2 y1  y 2 
 , 
 2 2 
 Centroid of a Triangle :
If A (x1, y1), B(x2. y2) and C(x3, y3) be the vertices of a triangle then its centroid is given by:
 x1  x 2  x3 y1  y 2  y 3 
 , 
 3 3 
 The area of the triangle formed by the points (x1, y1), (x2. y2) and (x3, y3) is the numerical value of
1
x1 , y 2  x2 , y1   x2 , y3  x3 , y 2  x3 , y1  x1 , y3 
2

48
A. MCQ ( 1 Mark ) Level

1 Three points A, B and C are said to be collinear if C

a) They lie on the same straight line

b) They don’t lie on the same straight line
A. c) They
Very Short lie onQuestions
Answer three different
(VSA)straight(lines
1 Mark ) Level
d) None of the above
2 The distance of the point P(2, 3) from the x-axis is
16 In what ratio is the line segment joining the points (-2, -3) and (3, 7) divided CC
a) 2 b) 3 c) 1 d) 5
by y-axis?

3 A is a point on the y-axis at a distance of 4 units from the x-axis lying U

17 If thebelow
distance of P (x, y) from A (5, 1) and B(-1 , 5) are equal, then
the x-axis C

a) (4 , 0) b) (0 , 4) c) (-4 , 0) d) (0 , -4)
18 The distance of the point P (2, 3) from x-axis is o U
4 The distance between the points P(a Cos60 , 0) and Q(0 , a Sin60o) is U

a) a b) 2a c) a2 d) 1
19 The positive value of y for which the distance between the points P(2 , -3) and U
5 The, distance
Q(10 between
y) is 10cm, is the points P(0 , y) and Q(x , 0) is

2 2 2 2
20 A point x  y x y xy
a) on
x2 +they2x-axisb)which is equidistant
c) from A(5 , 4)
d)and B(-2 , 3) is U

d) √ 𝛼
6 The distance of the point (α, β) from the origin is C
2 2
B. Shorta)Answer
α + β Questions
b) α² + β² (SA)c) |α| + (|β|2 marks ) +𝛽

7
21 Find
Find the theinratio
ratio whichin y-axis
whichdivides
the linethejoining
join ofthe
(5 ,points
-6) and(6,
(-14), -4).
and (1, –7) CU
is divided by x-axis.
a) 1 : 3 b) 2 : 7 c) 4 : 7 d) 6 : 7
22 Find the centroid of the  whose vertices are (-2 , -3), (-1 , 0) & (6 , -6). U
8 If the centroid of the  formed by the points (a , b), (b , c) and (c , a) is at U
the origin, then a3 + b3 + c3 is

23 Find a)
theabc
coordinates
b) aof+abpoint
+ c on x-axis
c) 0 which is d)equidistant
3abc from (2, -5) and U
(-2 , 9).
9 Two vertices of  PQR are P(-1 , 4) and Q(5 , 2) and its centroid is (0 ,-3). HOT
24 Find The coordinates
the points of R each
on y-axis, are: of which is at a distance of 13 units from the HOT
point (-5, 7).
a) (-4 , -15) b) (4 , 3) c) (4 , 15) d) (-15 , -4)

10. The point M(1, 2) divides the join of P(-2 , 1) and Q(7 , 4) in the ratio C
25 Find the fourth vertex of parallelogram ABCD whose three vertices are U
a) 2 : 1 b) 3 : 2 c) 1 : 2 d) 2 : 3
A(- 2, 3), B(6, 7) and C(8, 3).
11 All the points on the y-axis is of the form C
C. Long Answer Questions (LA) ( 3 Marks )
a) (0 , y) b) (y , 0) c) (0 , 0) d) (x , 0)
26 Find the ratio in which P(4, m) divides the line segment joining the points A(2, C
12 The
3) and coordinates
B(6, -3). Henceoffind
them.
point which divides the join of (-1 , 7) and (4 , -3) U
in the ratio 2 : 3 is

a) (3 , 1) b) (1 , 3) c) (3 , 0) d) (0 , 3)

13 The midpoint of the line joining (-3 , -6) and (1 , -2) is MD

49
a) (-2, -8) b) (0 , -4) c) (-1 , -4) d) (1 , 4)

14 If the area of a triangle is 0, then the vertices of the triangle are, U

 27. The midpoint of the line segment joining A(2a , 4) and B(-2 , 3b) is HOT

M(1 , 2a + 1). Then find a & b.

28. 2 MD
Find the coordinates of the point which is 3 rd of the way from P(0 , 1) to
Q(1 ,0).

29. If A(-2, 1), B(a, 0), C(4, b) and D(1, 2) are the vertices of a parallelogram U
ABCD, find the values of a and b. Hence, find the lengths of its sides.

30. If the point C(-1, 2) divides internally the line segment joining A(2, 5) and U

B(x, y) in the ratio 3 : 4, find the coordinates of B.

D. V Long Answer Questions (VLA) ( 4 Marks)

31. Find the coordinates of points which trisect the line joining (1 , -2) & (-3 , 4). U

32. 3a ) are the vertices of an U

Show that the points A(a , a), B(-a , -a) & C(- 3a ,
equilateral  ; Also find its area.

33. If the point P(x, y) is equidistant from the points A (a + b, b – a) and U

B(a -b,a+ b). Prove that bx = ay.

34. Determine the ratio in which the line 2x + y = 4 divides the line segment HOTS
joining the points A(2 ,- 2) & B(3 , 7).

35. If the point C(-l, 2) divides internally the line-segment joining the points HOTS
A(2, 5) and B(x,y) in the ratio 3 : 4, find the value of x2 + y2.

36. Points A(-l, y) and B(5,7) lie on a circle with centre O(2, -3y). Find the HOTS
values of y. Hence, find the radius of the circle.

ASSERTION REASONING QUESTIONS DIRECTION :

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement of reason (R).
Mark the correct choice as:

(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of assertion (A).
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of assertion (A).

50
 (c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.

Q.1. Assertion (A): The point (–1, 6) divides the line segment joining the points (–3, 10) and (6, –8) in the
ratio 2 : 7 internally.
Reason (R): Given three points, i.e. A, B, C form an equilateral triangle, then AB = BC = AC.

Q2) Assertion (A): The point (0, 4) lies on y-axis.

Reason (R): The x-coordinate on the point on y-axis is zero.

Q.3. Assertion (A): The value of y is 6, for which the distance between the points P(2, –3) and Q(10, y) is 10.

Reason (R): Distance between two given points A (x1, y1) and B (x2, y2) is given by

ANSWERS

SECTION A (1 MARK)

1)a 2) b 3) d 4) a 5) c 6)d 7) c 8) d 9) a 10) c

11) a 12) b 13) c 14) d 15) c16) 17) 18) 3 19) 20) (2,0)
2:3 3x=2y 3
SECTION-B (2-MARKS)
21)5:1 22) 23) 24) 25)
(1,-3) (-7,0) (0,19) (0,-1)
& (0,-5)
SECTION-C (3-MARKS)
26) 1:1 27) 28) 29)a =1; 30)
m=0 a=2 a=2/3, b=1 (-5,-2)
b=2 b= 1/3 Each
side=√10
units
SECTION-D (4-MARKS)
31) 32) 34) 35) 29 36)
(-1/3,0) 2√3 a2 sq. 2:9 y=-1 or 7
& (-5/3,2) unit radius
=√793
ASSERTION AND REASONING
1 )b 2- a 3)d
*************

51
 CHAPTER 10
CIRCLES
SYNOPSIS
 A circle may be regarded as a collection of points in a plane at a fixed distance from a
fixed point. The fixed point is called the centre of the circle. The fixed distance
between the centre of the circle and the circumference, is called radius.
 The perimeter of the circle is referred to as the circumference of the circle.
 A chord of a circle is a line segment joining any two points on the circumference.
 An arc of a circle is a part of the circumference.
 A diameter of a circle is a chord which passes through the centre of the circle.
 A line, which intersects the circle in two distinct points, is called a secant.
 A fine which has only one point common to the circle is called a tangent to the circle.
 There is one and only one tangent at a point of the circle.
 The tangent at any point of a circle is perpendicular to the radius through the point of
contact.
 No tangent can be drawn from a point inside the circle.
 The lengths of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are equal.
 The perpendicular at the point of contact to the tangent to a circle passes through the
centre of the circle.

 Tangents drawn at the end points of a diameter of a circle are parallel.

52
 A. Multiple choice questions ( 1 Mark) Level

1. The distance between two parallel tangents of a circle of radius 4 C

cm is
(a) 2 cm (b) 4 cm (c) 6 cm (d) 8 cm

2. U
In the given figure, if ZRPS = 25°, the value of ZROS is

(a) 135° (b) 145° (c) 165° (d) 155°

3. A tangent is drawn from a point at a distance of 17 cm of circle U
C(0, r) of radius 8 cm. The length of its tangent is
(a) 5 cm (b) 9 cm (c) 15 cm (d) 23 cm
4. The length of tangents drawn from an external point to the circle C
(a) are equal (b) are not equal (c) sometimes are equal
(d) are not defined

5. Number of tangents drawn at a point of the , circle is/are C

(a) one (b) two (c) none (d) infinite

6. The tangents drawn at the extremities of the diameter of a circle U

are
(a) perpendicular (b) parallel (c) equal (d) none of these

7. Tangents from an external point to a circle are U

(a) equal (b) not equal (c) parallel (d) perpendicular

8. The length of a tangent drawn from a point at a distance of 10 cm C

of circle is 8 cm. The radius of the circle is
(a) 4 cm (b) 5 cm (c) 6 cm (d) 7 cm

9. In given figure, CP and CQ are tangents to a circle with centre O. U

ARB is another tangent touching the circle at R. If CP = 11 cm and
BC = 6 cm then the length of BR is

53
 (a) 6 cm (b) 5 cm (c) 4 cm (d) 3 cm

10. From a point P which is at a distance of 13 cm from the center O C

of a circle of radius 5 cm, the pair of tangents PQ and PR to the
circle are drawn. Then the area of the quadrilateral PQOR is
(a) 60 cm² (b) 65 cm² (c) 30 cm² (d) 32.5 cm²

A. Very Short Answer Questions (VSA) 1 Mark Level

11. Number of tangents a circle can have? C

12. U
A tangent to a circle intersects it in ------ points.

13. A line intersecting a circle in two points is called a U

14. From a point outside a circle exactly ---------- tangents can be C

drawn to the circle.

15. C
The tangents at any point of a circle are ------------- to the radius
through the point of intersection

16. A tangent PQ at a point P of a circle of radius 5cm meets a line C

through the center O at a point Q so that OQ = 12 cm. Find the
length PQ

17. U
A point P is 25 cm from the center of a circle. The radius of the
circle is 7cm and length of the tangent drawn from P to the circle is

18. A point P is 20 cm from center of a circle .The radius of the circle A

is 12 cm and the length of the tangent drawn from P to the circle is

54
19. A tangent PQ at a point P of a circle of radius 7 cm meets a line C
through the center O at a point Q so that OQ = 11 cm. Then length
of PQ is

20. A tangent PQ at a point P of a circle of radius 7 cm meets a line C

through the center O at a point Q so that OQ = 11 cm. Then length
of PQ is

Short Answer Questions II (SA) 2 Marks

21. If ΔABC is isosceles with AB= AC, and C( O , r ) is the incircle of A

ΔABC touching BC at L. Prove that the point L bisects BC.

22. P is the midpoint of an arc QPR of a circle. Show that the tangent at A
P is parallel to the chord QR.

23. In a given fig ABC is a right angled triangle, right angled at A with H
AB = 6cm and AC = 8cm.A circle with centre O has been
inscribed inside the Δ. Calculate the value of r ,the radius of
inscribed circle.

24. Prove that tangents drawn at the end of a chord of a circle make U
equal angles with the chord.

25. Prove that in two concentric circles the chord of the larger circle A
which touches the smaller circle is bisected at the point of contact.

Short Answer Questions II (SA) 3 Marks Level

55
 an external point T. Prove that ∠PTQ = 2∠OPQ
26. Two tangents TP and TQ are drawn to a circle with center O from H

27. From an external point A two tangents are drawn to the circle with A
center O. Prove that OA is perpendicular bisector of BC

28. AB is the diameter and AC is a chord of a circle such that ∠BAC = H

30°. If then tangent at C intersects AB produced in D, Prove that
BC= BD.

29. In two concentric circles, a chord of length 24 m of larger circle U

becomes a tangent to the smaller circle whose radius is 5 cm. Find
the radius of the larger circle.

30. A triangle ABC is drawn to circumscribe a circle of radius 10 cm A

such that the segments BP and PC into which BC is divided by the
point of contact P, are of lengths 15 cm and 20 cm respectively .If
the area of ABC = 525 cm 2 , then find the lengths of sides AB
and AC.

31. In the given figure AB is the diameter of the circle ,with center O and AT H
is the tangent . Calculate the numerical value of x .

56
 Level
Long Answer Questions (LA) 4 Marks

32. A circle touches the sides BC of a triangle ABC at P and AB and U

AC produced at Q and R respectively. Prove that AQ is half the
perimeter of ΔABC.

33. Prove that the line segment joining the points of contact of two C
parallel tangents to a circle is a diameter of the circle

34. O is the center of a circle .PA and PB are tangents to the circle from H

PO is the bisector of ∠APB.

a point P. Prove that PAOB is a cyclic quadrilateral and prove that

35. PQ is a chord of length 8cm of a circle of radius 5cm, the tangent at H

P and Q intersect at the point T outside the circle. Find the length
TP.

36. A
In the given figure two circles touch each other externallyat point P .AB
is the direct common tangent of these circles .Prove that

i) Tangent P bisects AB ii)  APB = 90

57
37. H
Two circles with centers O and O’ of radii 3cm and 4cm respectively
interscet at 2 points P and Q , such that OP and O’P are tangent to the 2
circles. Find the length of common chord PQ

38. If a hexagon ABCDEF circumscribe a circle, U

Prove that AB +CD +EF = BC +DE +FA

39. ASSERTION AND REASONING QUESTIONS

1. ASSERTION: If in a circle, the radius of the circle is 3cm

and distance of a point from the centre of a circle is 5cm
then the length of the tangent will be 4cm.
REASON:- (hyp)2 = (base)2 + (height)2

and AC is the diameter with ∠APB=120∘,

2. Assertion (A) In the given figure, If O is the centre of the circle

then ∠BQC=150∘.

Reason (R) In a cyclic quadrilateral, the sum of opposite angles

is 180∘.

CIRCLES
ANSWERS
1.Answer: d:

58
 Reason: Here radius, r = 4 cm
Required distance,
AB = OA + OB
= r + r = 2r = 2×4 = 8 cm

Reason: Since OR ⊥ PR and OS ⊥ PS

2. Answer: d

∴ ∠ORP = ∠OSP = 90°

In □ ORPS, ∠ROS + ∠ORP + ∠RPS + ∠OSP = 360°
∠ROS + 90° + 25° + 90° = 360°
∠ROS = 360° – 205° = 155°
3. Answer: c

⇒ AP² + (8)² = (17)² => AP² + 64 = 289

Reason: In rt ∆OAP, AP² + OA² = OP²

⇒ AP² = 289 – 64 = 225

∴ AP = √225 = 15 cm
4. Answer: a: Reason: Since the length of tangents drawn from an external point to a circle are
equal.
5. Answer: a
Reason: There is only one tangent at a point of the circle.
6. I equal
7. Answer: a
Reason: Tangents from external points to a circle are equal.
8. Answer: c:

Reason: In rt. AOAP, we have

⇒ OA² + (8)² = (10)2

OA² + AP² = OP²

⇒ OA² + 64 = 100
⇒ OA² = 100 – 64 = 36
∴ OA = √36 = 6 cm
9. Answer: b
Reason: Since
BQ = BR …(i) [∵ Tangents drawn from external points are equal]
CQ = CP …[Using (i)]

⇒ 6 + BR = 11
BC + BQ = 11

⇒ BR = 11 – 6 = 5 cm
10. Answer: a
Reason: OP² = OQ² + PQ²
169 = 25 + PQ²
PQ² = 144
59
PQ = 12
Area PQOR = ar (AOPQ) + ar (AOPR)
= 12 × 12 × 5 + 12 × 12 × 5 = 60 cm²

11) infinite 12) 2 13) secant 14) 2 15) perpendicular

16) 119 17) 24cm 18) 16cm 19) 6 2 20) 7cm 21) 1 22) 0
23) 2 24) 24 25) 11

29) r=2 cm 37) 13 cm 58 20/3

30) AB = 32.5 and AC = 37.5
31) 142 degrees
35) TP = 20/3 cm
38) 4.8 cm
39) 1)both assertion and reason is true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion
2) both assertion and reason is true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion

60
 CHAPTER 15
PROBABILITY
SYNOPSIS
 Probability is a measure of uncertainity.
SOME TERMS RELATED TO PROBABILITY
 An action which results in some well- defined outcomes is called an experiment.

 An experiment is called random if it has more than one possible outcome and it is not
possible to predict the outcome in advance. Eg : tossing a coin , throwing a dice

 The collection of all possible outcomes of an experiment is called sample space.

 When the outcome of a random experiment satisfies the condition mentioned in the
event, then we say that event has occurred.

 The outcomes which ensure the occurrence of an event are called favorable
outcomes to that event.

 If there is no reason for any one outcome to occur in preference to any other outcome ,
we say that the outcomes are equally likely.

 Probability of an event E , written as P ( E ) , is defined as

P ( E ) = number of outcomes favourable to E

Total number of possible outcomes

 An event which always happens is called a sure event . E g when we throw a dice ,
then the event of getting number less than 7 is a sure event.

 An event which never happens is called an impossible event Eg when we throw a die
the event of getting a number greater than 6 is an impossible event.

 An event which has only one outcome from the sample space is called an elementary
even.

 The sum of the probabilities of all the elementary events of an experiment is 1.

 An event which has more than one ( favourable ) outcomes from the sample space is
called a compound event .E g when we throw a die , then the event of getting the
number 5 is an elementary event whereas the event of getting an event number ( 2, 4
and 6 ) is a compound event.
61
  If E is an event , then the event “ not E “ is complementary event of E. Eg , when we
throw a die the event of getting a number less then or equal to 2 , then the event ‘ not
E ‘ is getting a number greater than 2 is complementary event of E

 Complement of an event E is denoted by E’ OR Ec

 Let E be an event then we have :

1 ) 0 ≤ P (E) ≤1

2) P ( E’ ) = 1 – P ( E )

3) P ( E ) = 1 – P ( E’ )

4) P ( E ) + P ( E’ ) = 1

 Sure Event. Those events whose probability is one.

 Impossible Event. Those events whose probability is zero
 Probability of an event always lies between 0 and 1.
 Probability of an event cannot be negative.
Note. A pack of playing cards consists of 52 cards which are divided into 4 suits of 13 cards
each. Each suit consists of one ace, one king, one queen, one jack and 9 other cards numbered
from 2 to 10. Four suits named spades, hearts, diamonds and clubs.
Remarks. King, queen and jack are called face cards.
King , Queen ,Jack and Ace are called picture cards
1. Write the sample space when a coin is tossed.
Sol. When a coin is tossed, there are two possible outcomes; a head (H) or a tail (T). The
sample space of this experiment is S = {H, T}.
2. Two dice are thrown simultaneously. List the sample space for this experiment.
2
Sol. When two dice are thrown, there are 6 6 6 possible outcomes and
S = {(1, 1), (1, 2), (1, 3), (1, 4), (1, 5), (1, 6), (2, 1), (2, 2), (2, 3), (2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 1), (3,
2), (3, 3), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6), (4, 1), (4, 2), (4, 3), (4, 4), (4, 5), (4, 6), (5, 1), (5, 2), (5, 3), (5,
4), (5, 5), (5, 6), (6, 1), (6, 2), (6, 3), (6, 4), (6, 5), (6, 6)}
Where {m, n} stands for the ordered pair: First m, then n. The elements S {n, n}  S, n = 1, 2,
3, 4, 5, 6 are called doublets. For example {1, 1},{2, 2},{3, 3},{4, 4},{5, 5}, {6, 6} are
doublets (i.e. getting the same number on each dice).
Similarly, when n dice are thrown, there are 6 to power n possible outcomes.
3. A coin is tossed twice. If the second throw results in tail, a die is thrown. Describe
the sample space.
Sol. When a coin is tossed twice, the possible outcomes are HH, HT, TH, TT. The second
throw results in head in HH, TH. The second throw results in tail in HT, TT. Now a die is
tossed. The possible outcomes on a die are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
SEC-A MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (1mark)

(1) The probability of a leap year selected at random contain 53 Sunday is:
(a) 53/ 366 (b) 1/7 (c) 2/7 (d) 53/365
(2) A bag contains 3 red and 2 blue marbles. A marble is drawn at random. The
probability of drawing a black ball is :

62
 (a) 3/5 (b) 2/5 (c) 0/5 (d) 1/5
(3) The probability that it will rain tomorrow is 0.85. What is the probability that it
will not rain tomorrow?
(a) 0.25 (b) 0.145 (c) 3/20 (d) none of these
(4) What is the probability that a number selected from the numbers (1, 2,
3,..........,15) is a multiple of 4?
(a) 1/5 (b) 4/5 (c) 2/15 (d) 1/3
(5) What are the total outcomes when we throw three coins?
(a) 4 (b) 5 (c) 8 (d) 7
(6) The probability that a prime number selected at random from the numbers
(1,2,3, ..........35) is :
(a) 12/35 (b) 11/35 (c) 13/35 (d) none of these
(7) The sum of the probability of an event and non event is :
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 0 (d) none of these.
(8) The following probabilities are given; choose the correct answer for that which is
not possible.
(a) 0.15 (b) 2/7 (c) 7/5 (d) none of these.
(9) If three coins are tossed simultaneously, than the probability of getting at least
two heads, is
(a) ¼ (b) 3/8 (c) ½ (d) 1/8
(10) A letter is chosen at random from the letters of the word
�ASSASSINATION�. The probability that the letter chosen has:
(a) 6/13 (b) 7/13 (c) 1 (d) none of these.
ASSERTION & REASONING
The following questions consists of two statements-Assertion(A) and
Reason(R),Answer these questions selecting the appropriate options given
below.
(a)Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation for A
(b) Both A and R are true and R is not the correct explanation for A
(c) A is true but R is false
(d)A is false but R is true
(11) Assertion (A): The probability of getting a prime number, when a die is
thrown once, is 2/3
63
 Reason (R): On the faces of a die, prime numbers are 2, 3, 5
(12) Assertion (A): The probability that a leap year has 53 Sundays is 2/7
Reason (R): The probability that a non-leap year has 53 Sundays is 5/7
(13) Assertion (A): When two coins are tossed together, the probability of
getting no tail is 1/4
Reason (R): The probability P(E) of an event E satisfies 0≤ P(E) ≤ 1.

VERY SHORT ANSWERS (1mark)

1. If a digit is chosen at random from the digits 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 C

then find the probability that is odd.

2. If three coins are tossed simultaneously, then find the U

probability of getting at least two heads.

3. A number x is chosen at random from the numbers -3,-2,- HOT

1,0,1,2,3 the probability that

4. The probability of guessing the correct answer to a certain test HOT

x
questions is . If the probability of not guessing the correct
12
2
answer to this question is , then find x
3

5. If a digit is chosen at random from the digits 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 C

then find the probability that is odd.

Short Answer Questions I (SA) 2 Marks level

1 A card is drawn at random from a deck of 52 playing cards. C

Find the probability that the card drawn is neither an ace nor a
king.

2 A card is drawn at random from a pack of 52 playing cards. C

Find the probability that the card drawn is neither a face card
nor a black card.

64
3 Find the probability that a number selected from the numbers 1 U
to 25 is not a prime number and when each of the given number
is equally likely to be selected.

4 Write down the sample space of a U

i coin is tossed once
ii Die is thrown once

6. There are 30 cards of same size in a bag on which number 1 to U

30 are written. One card is taken out of the bag in random. Find
the probability that the number as the selected card is not
divisible by 3.

7. From a well shuffled pack of 52 cards, black aces and black HOT
queens are removed. From the remaining cards, a card is drawn
at random. Find the probability of draw of a king or a queen.

8. A box contains 12 balls out of which x are black balls. HOT

i If one ball is drawn at random what is the probability that it
will be a black ball ?
ii If 6 more black balls are put on the box, the probability of
drawing a black ball will be double than that
(i).Find the value of x.

9. Some students were asked to list their favourite colour. The U

measure of each colour is shown by the central angle of a pie
chart given below:

i) If a student is chosen at random, then find the

probability of his/her favorite colour being white?
ii) What is the probability that his /her favorite colour
being blue or green .

65
 Long Answer Questions II (SA) 3 Marks Level

1 A die is thrown once. What is the probability of getting C

i) a number other than 4

ii) an odd number

2 Three coins are tossed simultaneously. What is the probability U

of getting
a. at least one head
b. at most two heads
3 A bag contains 6 red balls, 8 white balls, 5 green balls and 3 U
black balls. One ball is drawn at random from the bag. find the
probability that the ball drawn is
a. red or black
b. not green
c. Neither white nor black
4 Find the probability of getting 53 Fridays in a leap year MD

5 The figure shows the top view of an open box that is divided HOT
into 6 compartments with walls of equal height. Each of the
rectangles D , E , F has twice the area of each of the squares A ,
B and C . When a marble is dropped into the box at random , it
falls into one of the compartments. What is the probability that
it will fall into compartment F ?
A
D AA
E
B
F
C

6 A square dart board is shown . The length of a side of the larger HOT
square is 1.5 times the length of a side smaller square. If a art is
thrown and lands on the larger square. What is the probability
that it will land in the interior of the smaller square ?

D C
S R

P Q
66
A B
7 From a pack of 52 cards, jack, queen and kings of red colour are MD
removed. From the remaining cards one is drawn at random.
Find the probability that the card drawn is
a) a face card b) a queen c) neither jack nor ace

8 Computer-based learning (CBL) refers to any teaching U

methodology that makes use of computers for information
transmission. At an elementary school level, computer
applications can be used to display multimedia lesson plans. A
survey was done on 1000 elementary and secondary schools of
Assam and they were classified by the number of computers
they had.

i)Find the probability that school chosen at random has more

than 100 computers
ii) Find the probability that school chosen at random has 5o or
fever computers
iii) Find the probability that school chosen at random has no
more than 20 computers

Long Answer Questions (LA) 4 Marks Level

1 Cards are numbered from 5to 25. What is the probability of U

getting
a. a perfect square
b. a prime number

2 HOT
A bag contains 6 red balls,8 green balls and some blue balls. A
ball is selected from the bag at random. If the probability of
blue ball is double that of green ball, find the number of blue
balls in the bag.

67
3 U
A bag contains 5 red marbles 8 white marbles and 4 green
marbles, What is the probability, that if marble is taken out of
the bag at random will be (i)red, (ii) white, (iii) not green

4 A group consists of 12 persons, of which 3 are extremely HOT

patient, other 6 are extremely honest and the rest are extremely
kind. A person from the group is selected at random. Assuming
that each person is equally likely to be selected , find the
probability of selecting a person who is
i) Extremely patient ii) extremely kind or honest
Which one do you prefer ?

5 A carton of 24 bulbs contains 6 defective bulbs. One bulb is U

drawn at random. What is the probability that the bulb is not
defective? If the bulb selected is defective and it is not replaced
and a second bulb is selected at random from the rest, what is
the probability that the second bulb is defective?

6 A middle school decided to run the following spinner game as a HOT

fund raiser on Christmas carnival

Making Purple: Spin each spinner once Blue and red make
purple. So, if one spinner shows Red (R) and another Blue (B),
then you 'win'. One such outcome is written as 'RB'.

i)List all possible outcomes of the game.

ii)Find the probability of making purple

iii) For each win, a participant gets 10, but if he/she loses,
he/she has to pay 5 to the school.

If 99 participants played, calculate how much fund could the

school have collected.

iv) If the same amount of 5 has been decided for winning or

losing the game, then how much fund had been collected by

68
 PROBABILITY
ANSWERS

SECTION A
MCQ
1.a 2 .c 3 .c 4.a 5.c 6.b 7.b 8. C 9. C 10 .b
school? (Number of participants = 99)
11 .d 12 .c 13.b

SECTION A

1) 5/9

2) 2)½

3) 3/7

4) 4)4

SECTION B

1)11/13

2)5/13

3) 16/25

4) (H , T ) (1,2,3,4,5,6 )

5) 2/3

6) 1/8 7) x/12 , 3

7) i 1/3

ii 1/3

SECTION C

1) 5/6 , ½

2) 7/8 , 7/8

3) 7/8 , 7/8

4) 9/22 , 17/22 , ½

5) 41/97

6) 2/9

7) 4/9

8) i-0.08 ii-0.74 iii-0.45

SECTION D 69

1) 3/23 , 1/23 , 20 /23 9) 1/7 , 1/8

2) 16
 ****************************

CHAPTER 5
ARITHMETIC PROGRESSIONS

What is A.P
Some numbers arranged in a definite order, according to a definite rule, are said to
form a sequence. A sequence is called an arithmetic progression (A.P.), if the
difference of any of its terms and the preceding term is always the same.
i.e., t n 1  t n = constant. The constant number is called the common difference of the
A.P.

If a is the first term and d the common difference of an AP, then the general form of
the AP is a, a + d, a + 2d, ....

Nth term of an A.P

Let a be the first term and d be the common difference of an AP. Then, its nth term or general
term is given by
t n a  n  1d
. If l is the last term of the AP, then nth term from the end is the nth term of an AP,
whose first term is l and common difference is -d.
 nth term from the end = Last term + (n - 1) (-d)
 nth term from the end = l - (n – 1) d

REMEMBER
If a, b, c, are in AP, then
1) (a + k), (b + k), (c + k) are in AP
2) (a - k), (b - k), (c - k) are in AP
3) ak, bk, ck, are in AP
a b c
, ,
4) k k k are in AP. ( k 0 )

70
 Remember the following while working with consecutive terms in AP.
1) Three consecutive terms in an A.P. a - d, a, a + d
First term = a - d, common difference = d.

Their sum = a- d + a + a + d = 3a

2) Four consecutive terms in an AP. a - 3d, a - d, a + d, a + 3d

First term: a - 3d, common difference = 2d
Their sum = a- 3d + a - d + a + d+ a + 3d = 4a
3) Five consecutive terms in an A. P. a - 2d, a - d, a, a + d, a + 2d.
First term = a - 2d, common difference = d

 THE SUM OF n -TERMS

 The sum Sn up to n terms of an AP whose first term is a and common
n
Sn  2a  n  1d 
difference d is given by 2

 If the first term and the last term of an AP are t1 and tn then
n
Sn  t1  t n   n first term  last term 
2 2
n
Sn  a  l 
 If t1 = a, the first term and tn = l, the last term, then 2

 Sn –Sn-1 = tn

A. level
Multiple choice questions ( 1 Mark )

SECTION-A
1 Find the 10th term from the end of A.P 3, 8, 13, 18...253. C
a) 204 b) 208 c) 202 d) 206

2 Which term of the sequence 4,9,14...is 124? C

a) n=25 b) n= 24 c) n=26 d) n=23

3 For what value of K, the number x,2x+k,3x+6,are three consecutive terms U

of A.P

a) k=2 b) k=6 c) k=3 d ).k=4

71
4 How many numbers of two digits are divisible by 8? C

a)10 b) 11 c)12 d)13

5 Find the middle term of A.P: 1,8,15,...,505 U

a) 37th, middle term = 253 b) 36th, middle term = 246

c) 38th, middle term = 263 d) 35th, middle term = 263

6. Write next term of A.P √8, √18 ,√32 ,------ A

a) 32,42,52 b) 42,52,62 c) 52,62,72 d) 2,32,52

7 What is the common difference of an A.P in which a23 - a18 = 45 U

a) d = 9 b) d = 7 c) d=8 d) d=10

8. Find first three terms of an A.P whose nth term is -5 + 2n A

a) –2,0,2 b) –3,0,3 c) –3,-1,1 d) –5,0,5

9. In the given A.P, find the missing terms 0,_,-8,-12,_ C

a) -4,-16 b) -2,-24 c) -6,-14 d) -6,-18

10. Find the sum of all odd integers between 1 and 100 which are not multiples C
of 4

a) 2399 b) 2499 c)2599 d) 2699

11. The common difference of the A.P 3,1,-1,-3 is A

a) -2 b) 2 c) -1 d) 3

12. An A.P whose first term is 10 and common difference is 3is U

a)10,13,16, 19…… b) 5,7,9,11……. c)8,12,16,20…….d) All of these

13. The nth term of the A.P2,5,8…….is C

a)3n-1 b) 2n-1 c)3n-2 d) 2n-3

72
14. If first term of an A.P is 2 and common difference is -2, then 7th term is U

a) -8 b)-10 c)-5 d)10

15. Which term of the A.P 4, 9, 14, 19 , ……is109? U

a) 14th b) 18th c) 22nd d) c. 16th

A. Very Short Answer Questions (VSA) ( 1 Mark ) level

ASSERTION AND REASONING QUESTIONS

DIRECTION: In question number 19 and 20, a statement of

assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R).
Choose the correct option

then ∠ABC = 900.

Assertion: If the diagonals of a parallelogram ABCD are equal,

Reason: If the diagonals of a parallelogram are equal, it becomes a

rectangle.
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the
correct explanation of
assertion (A)
(b)Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is
not the correct explanation of assertion (A)

(c) Assertion(A) is correct but Reason (R)is incorrect.

(d). Assertion(A) is incorrect but Reason(R) is correct

1)Assertion : Let the positive numbers a, b, c be in A.P., then 1/bc, 1/ac,
1/ab are also in A.P.
Reason : If each term of an A.P. is divided by abc, then the resulting
sequence is also in A.P.
2) Assertion : If Sn is the sum of the first n terms of an A.P., then its nth
term an is given by an = Sn – Sn – 1 .
Reason : The 10th term of the A.P. 5, 8, 11, 14, ………………. is 35.
3) Assertion : The sum of the series with the nth term, tn = (9 – 5n) is
(465), when no. of terms n = 15.
Reason : Given series is in A.P. and sum of n terms of an A.P. is

73
 4) Assertion: Sum of natural number from 1 to 100 is 5050
Reason: Sum of n natural number is n(n+1)/2
5) Assertion: Arithmetic progression is a sequence of numbers in which the
difference of any two adjacent terms is constant.
Reason :4,8,12,16 this sequence is an A.P.

1 Form the A.P for the following situations C

i) Number of students left in the school from the total

strength of 1000 students when they leave the school
in batches of 25.

ii) The cost of digging a well for the first meter is Rs 150
and rises by Rs 20 for each succeeding meter.

2 Find the common difference af the A.P and write the next two terms C

i) 1.8,2.0,2.2,2.4,……………

ii) 0,1/4,1/2,3/4,…………….

3 How many terms of A.P 18, 16, 14...Should be taken so that their sum is U
zero?

4 Find the value of x for which 8x+4,6x-2 and 2x+7 are in A.P C

5 If the 10th term of an A.P is 47 and first term is 2, find the sum of the first U
15 term

6 Which term of A.P 121,117,113....is the first negative term? HOT

B Short Answer Questions (SA) ( 2 marks ) level

1 How many multiples of 4 lie between 10 and 250? U

74
2 If a, b, c are in A.P then show that 1/bc,1/ca,1/ab are in A.P HOT

3 U
Solve the equation 2+5+8...+x = 15

4 Which term of the A.P 72,68,64,60,…….is 0. U

C Long Answer Questions (LA) ( 3 Marks )

1 Find four numbers in A.P whose sum is 20 and the sum of whose squares is HOT
120

2 Find the sum of the following A.P U U

,( x2 +y2),(x+y)2 ,…….to n terms.

3 If the 8th term of an A.P is 0 prove that its 20th term is thrice its 12th term U

4 Find the 6th term from the end of the A.P 17,14,11,…………,-40 HOT

5 HOT
If the pth terms of an A.P is q and the qth terms is p,then the find the
(p+q)th term of the A.P

6 Which term of the A.P 5,15,25,………….will be 130 more than its 31 st U

term.

7 If the sum of n terms of an A.P is n2 +2n, find the A.P and the 20th term. U

8 For what values of n, nth term of the series 3, 10, 17...and 63,65,67...are U
equal?

9 Which term of the A.P 8,14,20,26,………….will be 72 more than its 41 st U

term.

75
D. SECTION -D ( 4 Marks )
1 C
A manufacturer of radio sets produced 600 units in the third year and 700
units in the 7th year .Assuming that the production increases uniformly by a
fixed number every year find

i) the production in the first year.

ii) the total production in 7 years.

iii) the production in the 10th year.

2 HOT
are the sum of n,2n,3n terms respectively of an A.P

3 = 3 (S2 - S1)

3 If the sum of p terms of an A.P is same as the sum of q terms then show HOT
that the sum of

(p+q) terms is 0.

4 Sum of three numbers in A.P is 27 and their product is 405. Find the HOT
numbers

5 U
Sum of three numbers in A.P is 21 and their product is 231.Find the
numbers

6 U
2 2 2
If a ,b ,c are in A.P then prove that 1/b+c, 1/c+a, 1/a+b are in A.P

7 The sum of the 4th and 8th term of an A.P is 24 and the sum of 6th and 10th U
term is 44.Find the first three terms of the A.P.

8 If seven times the seventh term of an A.P is equal to 11 times the eleventh U
term, show that 18th term of an A.P is zero.

9 U
th th
If 9 term of an A.P is 0, prove that 29 term is double of
the 19th term

76
10 Determine the A.P whose third term is 16 and when 5th term is subtracted U
from 7th ,we get 12

11 HOT
Divide 32 into four parts which are in A.P.such that the product of
extremes is to the product of means is 7:15.

12 The ratio of the sums of m and n terms of an A.P is HOT

m2 : n2. Show that the ratio of the mth term and the
nth terms is (2m-1) : (2n-1)

ARITHMETIC PROGRESSION

ANSWERS

SECTION A

1) b 2) a 3) c 4) b 5) a 6) c 7) a 8) c 9) a 10) b

11) a 12) a 13) a 14) b 15)c

Assertion Reasoning

1) a 2) c 3) d 4) a 5) a

1) 1000, 975, 950…..,150,170,190….

2) d=.2, 2.6,2.8, d= ¼,1,5/4
3) 19
4) 15/2
5) 555
6) 32nd

SECTION B 1) 60 3) 29 4) 9th

SECTION C 1) 2,4,6,8 2) n{(x-y)2+(n-1)xy} 4) -25

5) 0 6) 44th 7) 3,5.7,9,….;41 8) n=13. 9.)
53rd

SECTION D 1) 550,4375,775 4) 3,9,15. 5) a= 7 and

d= 4,-4 Numbers : 3,7,11.or 11 ,7 ,3

7) -13,-8,-3 . . 10) 4,10,16,22. 11).2,6,10,14

77
 CHAPTER-6 - TRIANGLES
SYNOPSIS
 Congruent Figures: Two geometric figures which are the same shape and size
are known as congruent figures.

 Similar Figures: Two geometric figures which have the same shape, but
different sizes are known as similar figures. Two congruent figures are always
similar but two similar figures need not be congruent.

 Similar Polygons: Two polygons are said to be similar to each other. If

i)their corresponding angles are equal and

ii) the lengths of their corresponding sides are proportional.
 If a line is drawn parallel to one side of a triangle to intersect the other two
sides at distinct points, then the other two sides are divided in the same ratio
(Basic proportionality theorem or Thales’s theorem).

 Perpendicular drawn from the vertex of the right angle of a right triangle to its
hypotenuse divides the triangle into two triangles which are similar to the
whole triangle and to each other.
 In a right triangle, the square on the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the
squares on the other two sides (Pythagoras Theorem) and its converse

78
A. MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (1 Mark)

AB BC CA
1. If in two triangles ABC and PQR, = = then
QR PR PQ
a) ΔPQR ~ ΔCAB b) ΔPQR ~ ΔABC c) ΔPQR ~ ΔCBA d) ΔPQR ~ ΔBCA
2. A vertical stick 20m long casts a 10m long shadow on the ground. At the same time, a
tower casts a 50m long shadow on the ground. The height of the tower is
a) 100m b) 120m c) 25m d) 200m
3. Two poles of height 6m and 11m stand vertically upright on a plane ground.
If the distance between their feet is 12m, the distance between their tops is
a) 12m b) 14m c) 13m d) 11m

4. In Δ ABC, line XY parallel to BC cuts AB at X and AC at Y. If BY bisects XYC , then.

a) BC = CY b) BC = BY c) BC ≠ CY d) BC ≠ BY
5. In Δ ABC, D & E are points on side AB and AC respectively such that DE || BC and
AD : DB = 3 : 1. If EA = 3.3cm then AC is
a) 1.1 cm b) 4 cm c) 4.4cm d) 5.5 cm

6. If ABC and DEF are similar triangles such that ∠A = 47° and ∠E = 83°, then ∠C is
a) 50° b) 60° c) 70° d) 80°
7. In an equilateral triangle ABC, if AD ⊥ BC, then
a) 2 AB2 = 3AD2 b) 4 AB2 = 3AD2 c) 3AB2 = 4AD2 d) 3 AB2 =2AD2
8. ΔPQR is an equilateral triangle with each side of length 2p. If PS⊥ QR, then PS =
√3
a) p b) 2p c) √3p d) p
2

9. If in two triangles DEF and PQR, ∠D = ∠Q and ∠R = ∠E then which of the following
is not true.

79
 EF DF DE EF DE DF EF DE
a) = b) = c) = d) =
PR PQ PQ RP QR PQ RP QR

Directions: In the following questions, a statement of assertion (A) is followed by a statement

of reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(a) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true and reason (R) is the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
(b) Both assertion (A) and reason (R) are true but reason (R) is not the correct explanation of
assertion (A).
(c) Assertion (A) is true but reason (R) is false.
(d) Assertion (A) is false but reason (R) is true.

Q.10. Assertion (A): If two sides of a right angle are 7 cm and 8 cm, then its third side will be
9 cm.
Reason (R): In a right triangle, the square of the hypotenuse is equal to the sum of the squares
of the other two sides.

Q.11 Assertion (A): In the given figure, PA || QB || RC || SD.

Reason (R): If three or more line-segments are perpendiculars to one line, then they are
parallel to each other.

Q.12.Assertion (A): In the

∆ABC, AB = 24 cm, BC = 10 cm and AC = 26 cm, then ∆ABC is
a right-angle triangle.
Reason (R): If in two triangles, their corresponding angles are equal, then the triangles are
similar.

80
A. SECTION – A - Very Short Answer Questions (VSA) ( 1 Mark ) Level

1 DE EF U
It is given that Δ FED ~ Δ STU. Is it true to say that ST = TU . Why?

2 In a triangle ABC, DE || BC. If AD = x, AE = (x + 2), BD = (x -2) and C

CE = (x-1), find the value of x.

3 In Δ ABC, AB = 24 cm, BC = 10 cm and AC = 26 cm. Is this triangle a right C

triangle? Give reasons for your answer.

4 If the sides of a triangle are 3 cm, 4 cm and 6 cm, determine whether the U
triangle is a right-angled triangle.

B. SECTION-B - Short Answer Questions (2 marks) Level

6 In Δ ABC, AB = 13 cm, AC = 12 cm, and BC = 5cm, then find C . C

7 Δ ABC is a right-angled triangle at A. If AD ⊥BC, shows that, HOT

Δ ABD ~ Δ CAD.

8 Legs (sides other than the hypotenuse) of a right triangle are of lengths 16cm U
and 8 cm. Find the length of the side of the largest square that can be
inscribed in the triangle

9 The hypotenuse of a right triangle is 25 cm and out of the remaining two HOT
sides, one is longer than the other by 5 cm. Find the lengths of the other two
sides.

10 ABC is a triangle. PQ is the line segment intersecting AB in P and AC in Q HOT

such that PQ parallel to BC and divides triangle ABC into two parts equal in
area. Find BP: AB.

81
11 A man goes 24cm towards west and then 10m towards north. How far is he MD
from the starting point.

SECTION C - V Long Answer Questions (VLA) (4 Marks)

12 In a Δ ABC, BD  AC such that BD² = DC x AD. Prove that Δ ABC is a C

right-angled triangle.

13 Prove that the diagonals of a trapezium divide each other in the same ratio. C
√3 x2 + 10x +7√3

14 In an equilateral triangle,prove that three times the square of one side is HOT
equal to four times the square of one of its altitudes.

15 Prove that in a ΔABC with AD  BC, AB2 + CD2 = AC2 + BD2 U

D. SECTION D - V Long Answer Questions (VLA) (4 Marks)

16 PQRS is a trapezium in which PQ || SR || XY. U

PX QY

Prove that: XS YR

17 In a triangle if the square on one side is equal to the sum of squares on the U
other two sides, prove that the angle opposite to the first side is a right angle.
Apply the above theorem in the following: In a quadrilateral ABCD,
B = 900. If AD² = AB² + BC² + CD², then prove that ACD = 900.

82
18 State and prove Basic proportionality theorem C

19 State and prove Pythagoras theorem. U

20 Prove that the area of the equilateral triangle described on the side of a HOT
square is half the area of the equilateral triangle described on its diagonal.

21 In the figure, Δ PQR is right angled at Q, and the points S and T trisect the HOT
side QR. Prove that: 8PT2 = 3PR2 + 5PS2.

22 Δ ABC is a right angled triangle in which  C = 900 and CD  AB. HOT

If BC = a, CA = b, AB = c and CD = p then prove that:

i) cp = ab

1 1 1
2
 2  2
ii) p a b

83
 ANSWERS

MCQ

1) a 2) b 3) b 4) c 5) a 6) c 7) c 8) c 9) b 10) d 11) a 12) b

SECTION A

1) No, because the correct correspondence is F → S, E → T, D → U.

EF DE
With this correspondence =
ST TU
2) x=4
3) No
SECTION B
C =90 7) length =16/3 cm 8) 15cm and 20cm 9) 26
SECTION C PROVE
SECTION D PROVE

84